Question 1

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and to enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex 
B)  damage to the locus coeruleus 
C)  damage to the raphe nuclei 
D)  electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei 
E)  injection of high levels of GABA into the raphe nuclei 
A)  electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex 
B)  damage to the locus coeruleus 
C)  damage to the raphe nuclei 
D)  electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei 
E)  injection of high levels of GABA into the raphe nuclei

Question 2

Explain the relationship between the hypocretin system and the symptoms of narcolepsy

Accepted Answer

Certain aspects of REM sleep (paralysis,

Question 3

________ refers to a form of insomnia in which a person cannot breathe while sleeping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ refers to a form of insomnia...

Question 4

2- A key origin for brain noradrenergic fibers is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- A key origin for brain noradrenergic...

Question 5

The key feature of narcolepsy is

Accepted Answer

A)  nightmares while awake. 
B)  sleep attacks. 
C)  nocturnal enuresis. 
D)  hypnagogic hallucinations. 
E)  feeling refreshed after an episode of sleep attack. 
A)  nightmares while awake. 
B)  sleep attacks. 
C)  nocturnal enuresis. 
D)  hypnagogic hallucinations. 
E)  feeling refreshed after an episode of sleep attack.

Question 6

The ________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz), low-voltage waves.

Accepted Answer

A)  beta 
B)  alpha 
C)  theta 
D)  sleep spindles 
E)  delta 
A)  beta 
B)  alpha 
C)  theta 
D)  sleep spindles 
E)  delta

Question 7

Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal.

Accepted Answer

Cortical arousal refers to alertness and

Question 8

2- ________ sleep is important for consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- ________ sleep is important for consolidation...

Question 9

Which of the following is true of human sleep cycles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleep cycles are random across the night. 
B)  Subjects first enter REM sleep and then transition to non-REM sleep. 
C)  As the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle. 
D)  Stages 3 and 4 of slow-wave sleep mostly occur in the early morning hours. 
E)  Each non-REM/REM cycle lasts about 45 minutes. 
A)  Sleep cycles are random across the night. 
B)  Subjects first enter REM sleep and then transition to non-REM sleep. 
C)  As the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle. 
D)  Stages 3 and 4 of slow-wave sleep mostly occur in the early morning hours. 
E)  Each non-REM/REM cycle lasts about 45 minutes.

Question 10

Sleep deprivation in humans results in

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosis. 
B)  impaired physical exercise. 
C)  perceptual distortions. 
D)  secretion of stress hormones. 
E)  depression. 
A)  psychosis. 
B)  impaired physical exercise. 
C)  perceptual distortions. 
D)  secretion of stress hormones. 
E)  depression.

Question 11

3- Explain how melatonin may act to ameliorate jet lag.

Accepted Answer

Jet lag refers to the fact that while hu

Question 12

Electrical stimulation of brain neurons that release ________ produces cortical arousal.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine 
B)  GABA 
C)  serotonin 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  adenosine 
A)  glycine 
B)  GABA 
C)  serotonin 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  adenosine

Question 13

Which of the following is a reason as to why sleep stage 4 is considered to be the deepest sleep stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person in this stage is easily roused by meaningful stimuli. 
B)  A person who awakes from stage 4 is groggy and confused. 
C)  A person who awakes from this stage is alert and attentive. 
D)  Only very loud stimuli will awaken a person from stage 4 sleep. 
E)  The majority of sleep is spent in stage 4 slow-wave sleep. 
A)  A person in this stage is easily roused by meaningful stimuli. 
B)  A person who awakes from stage 4 is groggy and confused. 
C)  A person who awakes from this stage is alert and attentive. 
D)  Only very loud stimuli will awaken a person from stage 4 sleep. 
E)  The majority of sleep is spent in stage 4 slow-wave sleep.

Question 14

The symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder are opposite to those noted in

Accepted Answer

A)  cataplexy. 
B)  situational insomnia. 
C)  somnambulism. 
D)  nocturnal enuresis. 
E)  manic-depression. 
A)  cataplexy. 
B)  situational insomnia. 
C)  somnambulism. 
D)  nocturnal enuresis. 
E)  manic-depression.

Question 15

________ would be expected to promote wakefulness.

Accepted Answer

A)  An adenosine agonist 
B)  A histamine antagonist 
C)  Activation of hypocretin neurons 
D)  Stimulation of the ventrolateral preoptic area 
E)  Inactivation of histamine neurons 
A)  An adenosine agonist 
B)  A histamine antagonist 
C)  Activation of hypocretin neurons 
D)  Stimulation of the ventrolateral preoptic area 
E)  Inactivation of histamine neurons

Question 16

2- The ability of caffeine to reduce sleepiness is due to its ability to block the receptors for ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- The ability of caffeine to reduce...

Question 17

Insomnia is defined

Accepted Answer

A)  as the inability to fall asleep within 5 minutes of going to bed. 
B)  as awakening four or more times during the night. 
C)  as a problem in rapidly reaching REM sleep. 
D)  in relation to a person's particular sleep needs. 
E)  as a relative lack of slow-wave sleep compared to REM sleep. 
A)  as the inability to fall asleep within 5 minutes of going to bed. 
B)  as awakening four or more times during the night. 
C)  as a problem in rapidly reaching REM sleep. 
D)  in relation to a person's particular sleep needs. 
E)  as a relative lack of slow-wave sleep compared to REM sleep.

Question 18

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine antagonist. 
B)  GABA agonist. 
C)  GABA antagonist. 
D)  adenosine agonist. 
E)  norepinephrine antagonist. 
A)  adenosine antagonist. 
B)  GABA agonist. 
C)  GABA antagonist. 
D)  adenosine agonist. 
E)  norepinephrine antagonist.

Question 19

The ________ is an instrument used to record electrical potentials from muscles during sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  myelogram 
B)  electroencephalogram 
C)  physiograph 
D)  electromyogram 
E)  retinogram 
A)  myelogram 
B)  electroencephalogram 
C)  physiograph 
D)  electromyogram 
E)  retinogram

Question 20

Which of the following are true of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damage to vlPOA neurons produces sleepiness. 
B)  Excitotoxic lesions of the vlPOA increase sleep in cats. 
C)  vlPOA neurons have a low firing rate during sleep. 
D)  Electrical stimulation of vlPOA neurons produces signs of drowsiness. 
E)  vlPOA neurons secrete glutamate to excite regions that control arousal. 
A)  Damage to vlPOA neurons produces sleepiness. 
B)  Excitotoxic lesions of the vlPOA increase sleep in cats. 
C)  vlPOA neurons have a low firing rate during sleep. 
D)  Electrical stimulation of vlPOA neurons produces signs of drowsiness. 
E)  vlPOA neurons secrete glutamate to excite regions that control arousal.

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and to enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

Explain the relationship between the hypocretin system and the symptoms of narcolepsy

________ refers to a form of insomnia in which a person cannot breathe while sleeping.

2- A key origin for brain noradrenergic fibers is the ________.

The key feature of narcolepsy is

The ________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz), low-voltage waves.

Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal.

2- ________ sleep is important for consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

Which of the following is true of human sleep cycles?

Sleep deprivation in humans results in

3- Explain how melatonin may act to ameliorate jet lag.

Electrical stimulation of brain neurons that release ________ produces cortical arousal.

Which of the following is a reason as to why sleep stage 4 is considered to be the deepest sleep stage?

The symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder are opposite to those noted in

________ would be expected to promote wakefulness.

2- The ability of caffeine to reduce sleepiness is due to its ability to block the receptors for ________.

Insomnia is defined

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

The ________ is an instrument used to record electrical potentials from muscles during sleep.

Which of the following are true of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 9: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Which of the following treatments in rats would be expected to increase locomotion and to enhance the amount of cortical arousal evident in an EEG record?

Explain the relationship between the hypocretin system and the symptoms of narcolepsy

________ refers to a form of insomnia in which a person cannot breathe while sleeping.

2- A key origin for brain noradrenergic fibers is the ________.

The key feature of narcolepsy is

The ________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz), low-voltage waves.

Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal.

2- ________ sleep is important for consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

Which of the following is true of human sleep cycles?

Sleep deprivation in humans results in

3- Explain how melatonin may act to ameliorate jet lag.

Electrical stimulation of brain neurons that release ________ produces cortical arousal.

Which of the following is a reason as to why sleep stage 4 is considered to be the deepest sleep stage?

The symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder are opposite to those noted in

________ would be expected to promote wakefulness.

2- The ability of caffeine to reduce sleepiness is due to its ability to block the receptors for ________.

Insomnia is defined

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

The ________ is an instrument used to record electrical potentials from muscles during sleep.

Which of the following are true of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters