Question 1

One mechanism for the tolerance produced by repeated drug administration is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased metabolism of the drug. 
B)  increased plasma level of the drug. 
C)  increased number of receptors in the brain. 
D)  reduced number of receptors for the drug. 
E)  increased number of ion channel openings in response to receptor activation. 
A)  decreased metabolism of the drug. 
B)  increased plasma level of the drug. 
C)  increased number of receptors in the brain. 
D)  reduced number of receptors for the drug. 
E)  increased number of ion channel openings in response to receptor activation.

Question 2

3- Explain how the endocannabinoids modulate neuronal activity.

Accepted Answer

Endocannabinoids bind to CB1 receptors l

Question 3

The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse such as heroin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ________ refers to a state...

Question 4

2-________ is synthesized from tryptophan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2-________ is synthesized from tryptophan....

Question 5

Describe the principal functions of glutamic acid.

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is the primary excitatory amin

Question 6

The amino acid ________ is the synthesis precursor for dopamine and norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A)  tyrosine 
B)  tryptophan 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  DBH 
E)  epinephrine 
A)  tyrosine 
B)  tryptophan 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  DBH 
E)  epinephrine

Question 7

Which of the following is true of CB1 receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory impairment results from the effects of THC on hippocampal CB1 receptors. 
B)  These receptors are found in high levels within the brainstem. 
C)  CB1 receptors are postsynaptic. 
D)  CB1 receptors control a chloride channel. 
E)  The reinforcing action of cocaine is blocked by a targeted mutation of CB1 receptors. 
A)  Memory impairment results from the effects of THC on hippocampal CB1 receptors. 
B)  These receptors are found in high levels within the brainstem. 
C)  CB1 receptors are postsynaptic. 
D)  CB1 receptors control a chloride channel. 
E)  The reinforcing action of cocaine is blocked by a targeted mutation of CB1 receptors.

Question 8

Activation of dendritic autoreceptors produce ________; a drug that is an agonist at these autoreceptors would be classified as an ________ for the synapse.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarizations; antagonist 
B)  hyperpolarizations; agonist 
C)  hyperpolarizations; indirect agonist 
D)  hyperpolarizations; antagonist 
E)  action potentials; agonist 
A)  depolarizations; antagonist 
B)  hyperpolarizations; agonist 
C)  hyperpolarizations; indirect agonist 
D)  hyperpolarizations; antagonist 
E)  action potentials; agonist

Question 9

The postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated by

Accepted Answer

A)  reuptake of choline into the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  enzymatic destruction via acetylcholinesterase. 
D)  diffusion away from the synapse. 
E)  reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. 
A)  reuptake of choline into the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  enzymatic destruction via acetylcholinesterase. 
D)  diffusion away from the synapse. 
E)  reduced synthesis of acetylcholine.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of GABA in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA is involved in Parkinson's disease. 
B)  GABA has a general excitatory effect. 
C)  An excess of GABA may result in epilepsy. 
D)  Drugs that antagonize GABA function reduce anxiety. 
E)  The inhibitory effects of GABA act to stabilize the electrical activity of the brain. 
A)  GABA is involved in Parkinson's disease. 
B)  GABA has a general excitatory effect. 
C)  An excess of GABA may result in epilepsy. 
D)  Drugs that antagonize GABA function reduce anxiety. 
E)  The inhibitory effects of GABA act to stabilize the electrical activity of the brain.

Question 11

________ refers to an increased behavioral effect of a drug noted with repeated administration.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dynamic capacity 
B)  Sensitization 
C)  Inactivation 
D)  Tolerance 
E)  Binding capacity 
A)  Dynamic capacity 
B)  Sensitization 
C)  Inactivation 
D)  Tolerance 
E)  Binding capacity

Question 12

The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse.

Accepted Answer

A)  euphoria 
B)  dysphoria 
C)  depression 
D)  mania 
E)  sensitization 
A)  euphoria 
B)  dysphoria 
C)  depression 
D)  mania 
E)  sensitization

Question 13

The ________ route of drug administration is most commonly used for humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  intraperitoneal 
B)  oral 
C)  intravascular 
D)  topical 
E)  intranasal 
A)  intraperitoneal 
B)  oral 
C)  intravascular 
D)  topical 
E)  intranasal

Question 14

The two most commonly used synaptic neurotransmitters in the brain are

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine; acetylcholine 
B)  GABA; glycine 
C)  glutamate; GABA 
D)  glutamate; acetylcholine 
E)  acetylcholine; dopamine 
A)  glycine; acetylcholine 
B)  GABA; glycine 
C)  glutamate; GABA 
D)  glutamate; acetylcholine 
E)  acetylcholine; dopamine

Question 15

An increase in ________ for a drug would cause that drug to more rapidly reach the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism of the drug via the liver 
B)  lipid solubility 
C)  water solubility 
D)  depot binding of the drug in blood, bone and fat 
E)  kidney excretion 
A)  metabolism of the drug via the liver 
B)  lipid solubility 
C)  water solubility 
D)  depot binding of the drug in blood, bone and fat 
E)  kidney excretion

Question 16

________ is an innocuous substance that has no physiological effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  placebo 
B)  pseudotransmitter 
C)  drug 
D)  agonist 
E)  ligand 
A)  placebo 
B)  pseudotransmitter 
C)  drug 
D)  agonist 
E)  ligand

Question 17

Drugs that block MAO-A are ________ agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotinic receptor; muscarinic receptor antagonists 
B)  glutamatinergic; glycine receptor agonists 
C)  dopamine; norepinephrine antagonists 
D)  presynaptic; postsynaptic antagonists 
E)  norepinephrine; dopamine agonists 
A)  nicotinic receptor; muscarinic receptor antagonists 
B)  glutamatinergic; glycine receptor agonists 
C)  dopamine; norepinephrine antagonists 
D)  presynaptic; postsynaptic antagonists 
E)  norepinephrine; dopamine agonists

Question 18

What is the advantage of reuptake over enzymatic degradation in the termination of neurotransmitter postsynaptic effects?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake transports the neurotransmitter

Question 19

Which pair of drugs below are antagonists for the muscarinic and nicotinic (respectively) receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  atropine; curare 
B)  hemicholium; atropine 
C)  curare; atropine 
D)  muscarine; nicotine 
E)  acetylcholinesterase; choline acetyltransferase 
A)  atropine; curare 
B)  hemicholium; atropine 
C)  curare; atropine 
D)  muscarine; nicotine 
E)  acetylcholinesterase; choline acetyltransferase

Question 20

The ________ serotonin receptor subtype is classified as an ionotropic receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  5-HT1 
B)  5-HT5 
C)  5-HT3 
D)  5-HT9 
E)  All serotonin receptors are ionotropic. 
A)  5-HT1 
B)  5-HT5 
C)  5-HT3 
D)  5-HT9 
E)  All serotonin receptors are ionotropic.

One mechanism for the tolerance produced by repeated drug administration is a(n)

3- Explain how the endocannabinoids modulate neuronal activity.

The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse such as heroin.

2-________ is synthesized from tryptophan.

Describe the principal functions of glutamic acid.

The amino acid ________ is the synthesis precursor for dopamine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following is true of CB1 receptors?

Activation of dendritic autoreceptors produce ; a drug that is an agonist at these autoreceptors would be classified as an for the synapse.

The postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated by

Which of the following is true of GABA in the brain?

________ refers to an increased behavioral effect of a drug noted with repeated administration.

The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse.

The ________ route of drug administration is most commonly used for humans.

The two most commonly used synaptic neurotransmitters in the brain are

An increase in ________ for a drug would cause that drug to more rapidly reach the brain.

________ is an innocuous substance that has no physiological effect.

Drugs that block MAO-A are agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are .

What is the advantage of reuptake over enzymatic degradation in the termination of neurotransmitter postsynaptic effects?

Which pair of drugs below are antagonists for the muscarinic and nicotinic (respectively) receptors?

The ________ serotonin receptor subtype is classified as an ionotropic receptor.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

One mechanism for the tolerance produced by repeated drug administration is a(n)

3- Explain how the endocannabinoids modulate neuronal activity.

The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse such as heroin.

2-________ is synthesized from tryptophan.

Describe the principal functions of glutamic acid.

The amino acid ________ is the synthesis precursor for dopamine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following is true of CB1 receptors?

Activation of dendritic autoreceptors produce ________; a drug that is an agonist at these autoreceptors would be classified as an ________ for the synapse.

The postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated by

Which of the following is true of GABA in the brain?

________ refers to an increased behavioral effect of a drug noted with repeated administration.

The term ________ refers to a state of anxious misery, often produced by withdrawal from certain drugs of abuse.

The ________ route of drug administration is most commonly used for humans.

The two most commonly used synaptic neurotransmitters in the brain are

An increase in ________ for a drug would cause that drug to more rapidly reach the brain.

________ is an innocuous substance that has no physiological effect.

Drugs that block MAO-A are ________ agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are ________.

What is the advantage of reuptake over enzymatic degradation in the termination of neurotransmitter postsynaptic effects?

Which pair of drugs below are antagonists for the muscarinic and nicotinic (respectively) receptors?

The ________ serotonin receptor subtype is classified as an ionotropic receptor.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Activation of dendritic autoreceptors produce ; a drug that is an agonist at these autoreceptors would be classified as an for the synapse.

Drugs that block MAO-A are agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are .