Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding the role of the liver in the regulation of eating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipoprivation within the kidney after 2-DG infusion leads to eating. 
B)  Cutting the inputs of the liver abolished the effects of 2-DG on eating. 
C)  Deprivation of lipid metabolism within the liver after mercaptoacetate treatment leads to eating. 
D)  Infusion of sodium chloride into the hepatic portal vein increases the activity of the afferent fibers arising from the liver. 
E)  The liver senses the level of ghrelin in the blood and acts to reduce eating. 
A)  Lipoprivation within the kidney after 2-DG infusion leads to eating. 
B)  Cutting the inputs of the liver abolished the effects of 2-DG on eating. 
C)  Deprivation of lipid metabolism within the liver after mercaptoacetate treatment leads to eating. 
D)  Infusion of sodium chloride into the hepatic portal vein increases the activity of the afferent fibers arising from the liver. 
E)  The liver senses the level of ghrelin in the blood and acts to reduce eating.

Question 2

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the ________ is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the ________ detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior cingulate cortex; lamina terminalis 
B)  insular cortex; medial amygdala 
C)  lamina terminalis; anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  subfornical fornical organ; area postrema 
E)  medial amygdala; insular cortex 
A)  anterior cingulate cortex; lamina terminalis 
B)  insular cortex; medial amygdala 
C)  lamina terminalis; anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  subfornical fornical organ; area postrema 
E)  medial amygdala; insular cortex

Question 3

The suppression of plasma ghrelin levels by food reflects an action of food on the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The suppression of plasma ghrelin levels by...

Question 4

________ are stored in our long-term fuel reservoir.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are stored in our long-term fuel...

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the peptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)?

Accepted Answer

A)  CART activates eating of palatable foods. 
B)  CART is a peptide localized within the area posterma. 
C)  Infusion of an antibody to CART increases feeding. 
D)  CART activates MCH/orexin neurons. 
E)  Ghrelin stimulates CART neurons. 
A)  CART activates eating of palatable foods. 
B)  CART is a peptide localized within the area posterma. 
C)  Infusion of an antibody to CART increases feeding. 
D)  CART activates MCH/orexin neurons. 
E)  Ghrelin stimulates CART neurons.

Question 6

During the fasting phase of metabolism,

Accepted Answer

A)  blood glucose levels are increased. 
B)  body cells are able to use glucose. 
C)  the pancreas secretes ghrelin rather than insulin. 
D)  the liver converts glucose to glycogen. 
E)  the pancreas secretes glucagon rather than insulin. 
A)  blood glucose levels are increased. 
B)  body cells are able to use glucose. 
C)  the pancreas secretes ghrelin rather than insulin. 
D)  the liver converts glucose to glycogen. 
E)  the pancreas secretes glucagon rather than insulin.

Question 7

An important physiological effect of angiotensin II is to

Accepted Answer

A)  end the consumption of water after a thirst episode. 
B)  release hormones that cause the kidneys to excrete water and sodium. 
C)  decrease blood pressure. 
D)  promote the consumption of salt. 
E)  suppress food intake. 
A)  end the consumption of water after a thirst episode. 
B)  release hormones that cause the kidneys to excrete water and sodium. 
C)  decrease blood pressure. 
D)  promote the consumption of salt. 
E)  suppress food intake.

Question 8

Avoidance of eating food is a key aspect of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Avoidance of eating food is a key...

Question 9

The term ________ refers to an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is greater than that of the intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertonic 
B)  isotonic 
C)  volumetric 
D)  cytoplasmic 
E)  hypotonic 
A)  hypertonic 
B)  isotonic 
C)  volumetric 
D)  cytoplasmic 
E)  hypotonic

Question 10

A ________ solution is an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is less than that
of the intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ solution is an aqueous solution...

Question 11

The overeating noted in Prader-Willi syndrome is most likely to reflect

Accepted Answer

A)  the inhibition of growth hormone. 
B)  chronically elevated levels of plasma ghrelin. 
C)  release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas. 
D)  inhibition of gastric emptying. 
E)  chronically elevated levels of plasma cholecystokinin. 
A)  the inhibition of growth hormone. 
B)  chronically elevated levels of plasma ghrelin. 
C)  release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas. 
D)  inhibition of gastric emptying. 
E)  chronically elevated levels of plasma cholecystokinin.

Question 12

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial 
B)  intracellular 
C)  extracellular 
D)  intravascular 
E)  transvascular 
A)  interstitial 
B)  intracellular 
C)  extracellular 
D)  intravascular 
E)  transvascular

Question 13

The fact that young Billy (described in the chapter anecdote) craved the ingestion of salt is due to his

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of aldosterone, leading to loss of sodium into the urine. 
B)  hypothalamic damage. 
C)  excessive secretion of aldosterone. 
D)  impaired secretion of angiotensin II. 
E)  lack of renin, leading to loss of sodium into the urine. 
A)  lack of aldosterone, leading to loss of sodium into the urine. 
B)  hypothalamic damage. 
C)  excessive secretion of aldosterone. 
D)  impaired secretion of angiotensin II. 
E)  lack of renin, leading to loss of sodium into the urine.

Question 14

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is...

Question 15

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on NPY/AGRP neurons. 
B)  Leptin normally excites NPY/AGRP neurons. 
C)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
D)  Leptin normally inhibits CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
E)  Leptin increases the production of ghrelin. 
A)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on NPY/AGRP neurons. 
B)  Leptin normally excites NPY/AGRP neurons. 
C)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
D)  Leptin normally inhibits CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
E)  Leptin increases the production of ghrelin.

Question 16

A serious health hazard that accompanies obesity is

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced cardiovascular disease. 
B)  diabetes. 
C)  heartburn. 
D)  stomach ulcers. 
E)  carpal tunnel syndrome. 
A)  reduced cardiovascular disease. 
B)  diabetes. 
C)  heartburn. 
D)  stomach ulcers. 
E)  carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 17

________ change their firing rate in response to movement of water out of the neuron as the interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ change their firing rate in response...

Question 18

A key pathway through which glucoprivic stimuli such as 2-DG act to stimulate feeding is

Accepted Answer

A)  rostral pons -> reticular formation -> thalamus 
B)  subfornical organ -> median preoptic nucleus -> zona incerta 
C)  reticular formation -> lateral hypothalamus -> AGRP neurons in the PVN 
D)  ventrolateral medulla -> NPY neurons in the arcuate 
E)  ventrolateral medulla -> ghrelin receptors on hypothalamic neurons 
A)  rostral pons -> reticular formation -> thalamus 
B)  subfornical organ -> median preoptic nucleus -> zona incerta 
C)  reticular formation -> lateral hypothalamus -> AGRP neurons in the PVN 
D)  ventrolateral medulla -> NPY neurons in the arcuate 
E)  ventrolateral medulla -> ghrelin receptors on hypothalamic neurons

Question 19

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus ________, whereas electrical stimulation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  impair sexual behavior; elicits repetitive bouts of copulation 
B)  inhibit eating; produces overeating 
C)  elicit repetitive bouts of copulation; impairs sexual behavior 
D)  produce overeating to obesity; inhibits eating 
E)  activate thermogenesis; induces shivering 
A)  impair sexual behavior; elicits repetitive bouts of copulation 
B)  inhibit eating; produces overeating 
C)  elicit repetitive bouts of copulation; impairs sexual behavior 
D)  produce overeating to obesity; inhibits eating 
E)  activate thermogenesis; induces shivering

Question 20

Match the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it:

Accepted Answer

A)  meracaptoacetate; drinking 
B)  insulin; drinking 
C)  insulin; sexual behavior 
D)  ghrelin; eating 
E)  2-DG; drinking 
A)  meracaptoacetate; drinking 
B)  insulin; drinking 
C)  insulin; sexual behavior 
D)  ghrelin; eating 
E)  2-DG; drinking

Which of the following is correct regarding the role of the liver in the regulation of eating?

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

The suppression of plasma ghrelin levels by food reflects an action of food on the ________.

________ are stored in our long-term fuel reservoir.

Which of the following is true regarding the peptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)?

During the fasting phase of metabolism,

An important physiological effect of angiotensin II is to

Avoidance of eating food is a key aspect of ________.

The term ________ refers to an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is greater than that of the intracellular fluid.

A ________ solution is an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is less than that of the intracellular fluid.

The overeating noted in Prader-Willi syndrome is most likely to reflect

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________ fluid.

The fact that young Billy (described in the chapter anecdote) craved the ingestion of salt is due to his

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________.

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

A serious health hazard that accompanies obesity is

________ change their firing rate in response to movement of water out of the neuron as the interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic.

A key pathway through which glucoprivic stimuli such as 2-DG act to stimulate feeding is

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus , whereas electrical stimulation .

Match the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it:

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 12: Ingestive Behavior

Which of the following is correct regarding the role of the liver in the regulation of eating?

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the ________ is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the ________ detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

The suppression of plasma ghrelin levels by food reflects an action of food on the ________.

________ are stored in our long-term fuel reservoir.

Which of the following is true regarding the peptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)?

During the fasting phase of metabolism,

An important physiological effect of angiotensin II is to

Avoidance of eating food is a key aspect of ________.

The term ________ refers to an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is greater than that of the intracellular fluid.

A ________ solution is an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is less than that of the intracellular fluid.

The overeating noted in Prader-Willi syndrome is most likely to reflect

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________ fluid.

The fact that young Billy (described in the chapter anecdote) craved the ingestion of salt is due to his

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________.

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

A serious health hazard that accompanies obesity is

________ change their firing rate in response to movement of water out of the neuron as the interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic.

A key pathway through which glucoprivic stimuli such as 2-DG act to stimulate feeding is

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus ________, whereas electrical stimulation ________.

Match the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it:

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus , whereas electrical stimulation .