Question 1

The behavioral effects of amphetamine are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the blockade of reuptake of dopamine. 
B)  a change in transporter levels in the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  its ability to directly release dopamine from the terminal buttons. 
D)  the blockade of reuptake of serotonin. 
E)  its ability to directly release serotonin from the terminal buttons. 
A)  the blockade of reuptake of dopamine. 
B)  a change in transporter levels in the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  its ability to directly release dopamine from the terminal buttons. 
D)  the blockade of reuptake of serotonin. 
E)  its ability to directly release serotonin from the terminal buttons.

Question 2

Infusions of the neuropeptide ________ into the ________ reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin; orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  insulin; nucleus accumbens 
C)  glycine; VTA 
D)  glutamate; nucleus accumbens 
E)  orexin; VTA 
A)  leptin; orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  insulin; nucleus accumbens 
C)  glycine; VTA 
D)  glutamate; nucleus accumbens 
E)  orexin; VTA

Question 3

The memory impairment produced by marijuana may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  release of norepinephrine within the amygdala. 
B)  its effect on the perceptual systems. 
C)  loss of glial cells in the cortex. 
D)  the ability of THC to overstimulate CB1 function in the hippocampus. 
E)  the capacity of CB1 receptors to control apoptosis. 
A)  release of norepinephrine within the amygdala. 
B)  its effect on the perceptual systems. 
C)  loss of glial cells in the cortex. 
D)  the ability of THC to overstimulate CB1 function in the hippocampus. 
E)  the capacity of CB1 receptors to control apoptosis.

Question 4

Opiate receptors in the ________ are responsible for the sedation caused by opiate drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens 
B)  preoptic area 
C)  periaqueductal gray matter 
D)  mesencephalic reticular formation 
E)  ventral segmental area 
A)  nucleus accumbens 
B)  preoptic area 
C)  periaqueductal gray matter 
D)  mesencephalic reticular formation 
E)  ventral segmental area

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicotine is addictive but is a harmless habit. 
B)  "Nicotine use is a habit, not an addiction." 
C)  Most smokers smoke every other day. 
D)  Smokers often continue to smoke after lung cancer or heart attacks. 
E)  Animals do not self-administer nicotine. 
A)  Nicotine is addictive but is a harmless habit. 
B)  "Nicotine use is a habit, not an addiction." 
C)  Most smokers smoke every other day. 
D)  Smokers often continue to smoke after lung cancer or heart attacks. 
E)  Animals do not self-administer nicotine.

Question 6

The most effective reinforcer of all available drugs of abuse is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most effective reinforcer of all available...

Question 7

The key property of addictive drugs relates to

Accepted Answer

A)  their capacity to produce tolerance. 
B)  the withdrawal that follows termination of the drug. 
C)  their rapid reinforcing effects. 
D)  their ability to inhibit dopamine in brain. 
E)  their ability to produce rapidly physical dependence. 
A)  their capacity to produce tolerance. 
B)  the withdrawal that follows termination of the drug. 
C)  their rapid reinforcing effects. 
D)  their ability to inhibit dopamine in brain. 
E)  their ability to produce rapidly physical dependence.

Question 8

Administration of an opiate drug that is an agonist at only kappa receptors would be expected to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothermia. 
B)  analgesia. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  an aversive state. 
A)  hypothermia. 
B)  analgesia. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  an aversive state.

Question 9

The capacity of smoking to reduce appetite may result from

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of lateral hypothalamic MCH neurons. 
B)  potentiation of dopamine cell activity in the ventral tegmental area. 
C)  release of glutamate in the lateral hypothalamus. 
D)  activation of lateral hypothalamic GABA receptors that excite MCH neurons. 
E)  activation of cells of the insula. 
A)  inhibition of lateral hypothalamic MCH neurons. 
B)  potentiation of dopamine cell activity in the ventral tegmental area. 
C)  release of glutamate in the lateral hypothalamus. 
D)  activation of lateral hypothalamic GABA receptors that excite MCH neurons. 
E)  activation of cells of the insula.

Question 10

The common aspect of all natural reinforcers relates to the release of ________ within the nucleus accumbens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The common aspect of all natural reinforcers...

Question 11

Infusion of the stress hormone ________ into the VTA can result in drug relapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infusion of the stress hormone ________ into...

Question 12

The ability of THC in marijuana to produce a "high" seems to be related to activation of the ________ receptor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of THC in marijuana to...

Question 13

The analgesic effect of opiates is due to activation of neurons within the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  medulla. 
C)  periaqueductal gray matter. 
D)  preoptic area. 
E)  spinal cord. 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  medulla. 
C)  periaqueductal gray matter. 
D)  preoptic area. 
E)  spinal cord.

Question 14

Describe the changes in reward mechanisms that modulate the early reinforcing effects of drugs versus the later compulsive aspect of drug taking.

Accepted Answer

Acute drug administration activates the

Question 15

Infusion of an inhibitory drug into the _______ would be expected to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsomedial PFC 
B)  anterior cingulate cortex 
C)  insula 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  amygdala 
A)  dorsomedial PFC 
B)  anterior cingulate cortex 
C)  insula 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  amygdala

Question 16

Administration of a drug that is an agonist at only mu receptors would be expected to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperthermia. 
B)  arousal. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  dysphoria. 
A)  hyperthermia. 
B)  arousal. 
C)  sedation. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  dysphoria.

Question 17

People are most likely to have tried the drug ________ during their lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A)  morphine 
B)  crack cocaine 
C)  alcohol 
D)  heroin 
E)  LSD 
A)  morphine 
B)  crack cocaine 
C)  alcohol 
D)  heroin 
E)  LSD

Question 18

Opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) are responsible for the ________ caused by opiate drugs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter...

Question 19

Some ________ percent of persons who smoke as adolescents through adulthood will die of a smoking-related disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some ________ percent of persons who smoke...

Question 20

Which of the following is true of the neural substrates of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aversive stimuli do not increase dopamine levels within the accumbens. 
B)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a necessary condition for reinforcement. 
C)  Damage to brain dopamine systems enhances the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs. 
D)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a sufficient condition for reinforcement. 
E)  Drugs that increase dopamine by blocking reuptake are not addictive. 
A)  Aversive stimuli do not increase dopamine levels within the accumbens. 
B)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a necessary condition for reinforcement. 
C)  Damage to brain dopamine systems enhances the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs. 
D)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a sufficient condition for reinforcement. 
E)  Drugs that increase dopamine by blocking reuptake are not addictive.

The behavioral effects of amphetamine are due to

Infusions of the neuropeptide into the reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

The memory impairment produced by marijuana may be due to

Opiate receptors in the ________ are responsible for the sedation caused by opiate drugs.

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine addiction?

The most effective reinforcer of all available drugs of abuse is ________.

The key property of addictive drugs relates to

Administration of an opiate drug that is an agonist at only kappa receptors would be expected to produce

The capacity of smoking to reduce appetite may result from

The common aspect of all natural reinforcers relates to the release of ________ within the nucleus accumbens.

Infusion of the stress hormone ________ into the VTA can result in drug relapse.

The ability of THC in marijuana to produce a "high" seems to be related to activation of the ________ receptor.

The analgesic effect of opiates is due to activation of neurons within the

Describe the changes in reward mechanisms that modulate the early reinforcing effects of drugs versus the later compulsive aspect of drug taking.

Infusion of an inhibitory drug into the _______ would be expected to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Administration of a drug that is an agonist at only mu receptors would be expected to produce

People are most likely to have tried the drug ________ during their lifetime.

Opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) are responsible for the ________ caused by opiate drugs.

Some ________ percent of persons who smoke as adolescents through adulthood will die of a smoking-related disease.

Which of the following is true of the neural substrates of reinforcement?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Filters

Exam 18: Drug Abuse

The behavioral effects of amphetamine are due to

Infusions of the neuropeptide ________ into the ________ reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.

The memory impairment produced by marijuana may be due to

Opiate receptors in the ________ are responsible for the sedation caused by opiate drugs.

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine addiction?

The most effective reinforcer of all available drugs of abuse is ________.

The key property of addictive drugs relates to

Administration of an opiate drug that is an agonist at only kappa receptors would be expected to produce

The capacity of smoking to reduce appetite may result from

The common aspect of all natural reinforcers relates to the release of ________ within the nucleus accumbens.

Infusion of the stress hormone ________ into the VTA can result in drug relapse.

The ability of THC in marijuana to produce a "high" seems to be related to activation of the ________ receptor.

The analgesic effect of opiates is due to activation of neurons within the

Describe the changes in reward mechanisms that modulate the early reinforcing effects of drugs versus the later compulsive aspect of drug taking.

Infusion of an inhibitory drug into the _______ would be expected to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats.

Administration of a drug that is an agonist at only mu receptors would be expected to produce

People are most likely to have tried the drug ________ during their lifetime.

Opiate receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) are responsible for the ________ caused by opiate drugs.

Some ________ percent of persons who smoke as adolescents through adulthood will die of a smoking-related disease.

Which of the following is true of the neural substrates of reinforcement?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Filters

Infusions of the neuropeptide into the reinstates drug taking that was previously extinguished.