Question 1

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Element composition. 
B) Mineral composition. 
C) Three specific rock-forming processes; i.e.,the manner in which they formed. 
D) Relative and absolute locations; where they are now as opposed to where they formed. 
A) Element composition. 
B) Mineral composition. 
C) Three specific rock-forming processes; i.e.,the manner in which they formed. 
D) Relative and absolute locations; where they are now as opposed to where they formed.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly pairs the name of the scientific study of rock strata (layers)with the principle on which it is based?

Accepted Answer

A) Stratigraphy; superposition. 
B) Geomorphology; uniformitarianism. 
C) Paleontology; catostrophism. 
D) Paleogeography; plate tectonics. 
A) Stratigraphy; superposition. 
B) Geomorphology; uniformitarianism. 
C) Paleontology; catostrophism. 
D) Paleogeography; plate tectonics.

Question 3

According to currently accepted scientific theories,Earth is never affected by catastrophes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Earth's magnetic field has reversed nine times in the last four million years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Major events in Earth's history,such as major extinctions,determine the boundaries between the intervals in the geologic time scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume,and has an average density of 4.5 grams • cm-3?

Accepted Answer

A) Continental crust. 
B) Oceanic crust. 
C) Mantle. 
D) Core. 
A) Continental crust. 
B) Oceanic crust. 
C) Mantle. 
D) Core.

Question 7

Which type of metamorphism occurs over broad areas when the pressure and associated heat of overlaying rocks or other tectonic forces cause the rocks to undergo deformation?

Accepted Answer

A) Contact metamorphism. 
B) Regional metamorphism. 
C) Intrusive metamorphism. 
D) Extrusive metamorphism. 
A) Contact metamorphism. 
B) Regional metamorphism. 
C) Intrusive metamorphism. 
D) Extrusive metamorphism.

Question 8

Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

A) Dissemination. 
B) Dissolution and distortion. 
C) Recombination,deviation,and interruption. 
D) Reflection,refraction,absorption,and change in speed. 
A) Dissemination. 
B) Dissolution and distortion. 
C) Recombination,deviation,and interruption. 
D) Reflection,refraction,absorption,and change in speed.

Question 9

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on which principle?

Accepted Answer

A) Altruism. 
B) Catastrophism. 
C) Chaos. 
D) Uniformitarianism. 
A) Altruism. 
B) Catastrophism. 
C) Chaos. 
D) Uniformitarianism.

Question 10

The process of isostatic adjustment is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Lithospheric plate collisions. 
B) Volcanic activity. 
C) Sea-floor spreading. 
D) Buoyancy. 
A) Lithospheric plate collisions. 
B) Volcanic activity. 
C) Sea-floor spreading. 
D) Buoyancy.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an age-relationship based on absolute dating?

Accepted Answer

A) Devonian limestones in southern Ontario are younger than the Silurian Rocks near Minto. 
B) The Vishnu schist at the bottom of the Grand Canyon is younger than the Precambrian Shield. 
C) The dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago. 
D) The Coconino formation in the Grand Canyon is older than the Kaibab formation. 
A) Devonian limestones in southern Ontario are younger than the Silurian Rocks near Minto. 
B) The Vishnu schist at the bottom of the Grand Canyon is younger than the Precambrian Shield. 
C) The dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago. 
D) The Coconino formation in the Grand Canyon is older than the Kaibab formation.

Question 12

The geological time scale uses equal intervals for dividing Earth's long history in a series of eons,eras,periods,and epochs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Contact metamorphism involves changes in the texture and mineralogy of a rock caused by the extreme heat and pressure of intruding magma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which correctly pairs the location of cooling extrusive igneous rock with its texture?

Accepted Answer

A) Beneath the surface; finer. 
B) Beneath the surface; coarser. 
C) At the surface; finer. 
D) At the surface; coarser. 
A) Beneath the surface; finer. 
B) Beneath the surface; coarser. 
C) At the surface; finer. 
D) At the surface; coarser.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not possible to know how Earth processes have changed over time therefore it is not possible to deduce how Earth's ancient landforms evolved. 
B) The processes by which streams carve valleys at present are the same as those that carved valleys 500 million years ago. 
C) Catastrophic events,such as major landslides,earthquakes,and volcanic episodes,are the primary drivers of geomorphological change. 
D) Earth's geological history is mostly uniform and homogeneous,existing now as it mostly always has with the exception of minor recent changes. 
A) It is not possible to know how Earth processes have changed over time therefore it is not possible to deduce how Earth's ancient landforms evolved. 
B) The processes by which streams carve valleys at present are the same as those that carved valleys 500 million years ago. 
C) Catastrophic events,such as major landslides,earthquakes,and volcanic episodes,are the primary drivers of geomorphological change. 
D) Earth's geological history is mostly uniform and homogeneous,existing now as it mostly always has with the exception of minor recent changes.

Question 16

Which lists the three basic rock types?

Accepted Answer

A) Conglomerates,clastics,and evaporite. 
B) Intrusive,extrusive,and plutonic. 
C) Laterite,schist,and basalt. 
D) Sedimentary,metamorphic,and igneous. 
A) Conglomerates,clastics,and evaporite. 
B) Intrusive,extrusive,and plutonic. 
C) Laterite,schist,and basalt. 
D) Sedimentary,metamorphic,and igneous.

Question 17

The majority of Earth's volume is within which layer?

Accepted Answer

A) Crust. 
B) Inner core. 
C) Mantle. 
D) Outer core. 
A) Crust. 
B) Inner core. 
C) Mantle. 
D) Outer core.

Question 18

Which is the name by which the rigid crust and uppermost mantle are known collectively?

Accepted Answer

A) Asthenosphere. 
B) Lithosphere. 
C) Moho. 
D) Gutenberg discontinuity. 
A) Asthenosphere. 
B) Lithosphere. 
C) Moho. 
D) Gutenberg discontinuity.

Question 19

The Moho separates the outer core from mantle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Transform plate boundaries are associated with earthquake activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on which of the following?

Which of the following correctly pairs the name of the scientific study of rock strata (layers)with the principle on which it is based?

According to currently accepted scientific theories,Earth is never affected by catastrophes.

Earth's magnetic field has reversed nine times in the last four million years.

Major events in Earth's history,such as major extinctions,determine the boundaries between the intervals in the geologic time scale.

Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume,and has an average density of 4.5 grams • cm-3?

Which type of metamorphism occurs over broad areas when the pressure and associated heat of overlaying rocks or other tectonic forces cause the rocks to undergo deformation?

Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on which principle?

The process of isostatic adjustment is most closely associated with which of the following?

Which of the following is an example of an age-relationship based on absolute dating?

The geological time scale uses equal intervals for dividing Earth's long history in a series of eons,eras,periods,and epochs.

Contact metamorphism involves changes in the texture and mineralogy of a rock caused by the extreme heat and pressure of intruding magma.

Which correctly pairs the location of cooling extrusive igneous rock with its texture?

Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

Which lists the three basic rock types?

The majority of Earth's volume is within which layer?

Which is the name by which the rigid crust and uppermost mantle are known collectively?

The Moho separates the outer core from mantle.

Transform plate boundaries are associated with earthquake activity.

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Earths Modern Atmosphere

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Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

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Global Climate Systems

Climate Change

Tectonics, earthquakes, and Volcanism

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River Systems

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Exam 12: The Dynamic Planet

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on which of the following?

Which of the following correctly pairs the name of the scientific study of rock strata (layers)with the principle on which it is based?

According to currently accepted scientific theories,Earth is never affected by catastrophes.

Earth's magnetic field has reversed nine times in the last four million years.

Major events in Earth's history,such as major extinctions,determine the boundaries between the intervals in the geologic time scale.

Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume,and has an average density of 4.5 grams • cm-3?

Which type of metamorphism occurs over broad areas when the pressure and associated heat of overlaying rocks or other tectonic forces cause the rocks to undergo deformation?

Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on which principle?

The process of isostatic adjustment is most closely associated with which of the following?

Which of the following is an example of an age-relationship based on absolute dating?

The geological time scale uses equal intervals for dividing Earth's long history in a series of eons,eras,periods,and epochs.

Contact metamorphism involves changes in the texture and mineralogy of a rock caused by the extreme heat and pressure of intruding magma.

Which correctly pairs the location of cooling extrusive igneous rock with its texture?

Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

Which lists the three basic rock types?

The majority of Earth's volume is within which layer?

Which is the name by which the rigid crust and uppermost mantle are known collectively?

The Moho separates the outer core from mantle.

Transform plate boundaries are associated with earthquake activity.

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earths Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Climate Change

Tectonics, earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Oceans, coastal Processes, and Wind Processes

Glacial and Periglacial Landscapes

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters