Question 1

What are the six main horizons found in soils? Briefly describe each.

Accepted Answer

O,A,Ae,B,C,and R.The O horizon is high i

Question 2

Which are heavy,expandable clay soils?

Accepted Answer

A) Podzolic soils. 
B) Organic soils. 
C) Vertisolic soils. 
D) Chernozemic soils. 
A) Podzolic soils. 
B) Organic soils. 
C) Vertisolic soils. 
D) Chernozemic soils.

Question 3

Which soils result from accumulations of thick organic matter,such as in the beds of former lakes or bogs?

Accepted Answer

A) Regosolic. 
B) Organic. 
C) Vertisolic. 
D) Chernozemic. 
A) Regosolic. 
B) Organic. 
C) Vertisolic. 
D) Chernozemic.

Question 4

Which is the phenomenon of desert expansion along the margins of semiarid and arid lands?

Accepted Answer

A) Deflation. 
B) Desertification. 
C) Erosion. 
D) Permeability. 
A) Deflation. 
B) Desertification. 
C) Erosion. 
D) Permeability.

Question 5

Which best describes the principal natural soil-forming factors?

Accepted Answer

A) These are static in nature. 
B) These include climate,parent material,topography,biotic processes,and time. 
C) These are all inorganic. 
D) These include peds,separates,solums,and horizons. 
A) These are static in nature. 
B) These include climate,parent material,topography,biotic processes,and time. 
C) These are all inorganic. 
D) These include peds,separates,solums,and horizons.

Question 6

Organic soils (Histosols)tend to be very dry soils found primarily in the world's arid regions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Soils with a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)are considered alkaline.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The horizon identified as regolith is which horizon?

Accepted Answer

A) O) 
B) Ae. 
C) 
B)  
D) 
C)  
A) O) 
B) Ae. 
C) 
B)  
D) 
C)

Question 9

A soil order is the lowest and most precise level of the Canadian System of Soil Classification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which type of soil is the least developed?

Accepted Answer

A) Gleysolic. 
B) Regosolic. 
C) Brunosolic. 
D) Organic. 
A) Gleysolic. 
B) Regosolic. 
C) Brunosolic. 
D) Organic.

Question 11

Desertification is affecting over a billion people worldwide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The U.S.soil classification system has not been updated since the mid-1970s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which is a vertical section of soil that is generally organized into distinct horizontal layers?

Accepted Answer

A) Soil profile. 
B) Pedon. 
C) Soil horizon. 
D) Polypedon. 
A) Soil profile. 
B) Pedon. 
C) Soil horizon. 
D) Polypedon.

Question 14

Which best describes acidic soils?

Accepted Answer

A) These are exceptionally rare. 
B) These cause more rapid weathering and leaching of nutrients. 
C) These tend to be very fertile and excellent for agriculture purposes. 
D) These are high in calcium,magnesium,potassium,and sodium ions. 
A) These are exceptionally rare. 
B) These cause more rapid weathering and leaching of nutrients. 
C) These tend to be very fertile and excellent for agriculture purposes. 
D) These are high in calcium,magnesium,potassium,and sodium ions.

Question 15

Consider the spacing between different shapes of peds.How do rounded peds compare with respect to plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A) Rounded peds have less space between them than other peds,and are therefore better for plant growth. 
B) Rounded peds have less space between them than other peds,and are therefore worse for plant growth. 
C) Rounded peds have more space between them than other peds,and are therefore worse for plant growth. 
D) Rounded peds have more space between them than other peds,and are therefore better for plant growth. 
A) Rounded peds have less space between them than other peds,and are therefore better for plant growth. 
B) Rounded peds have less space between them than other peds,and are therefore worse for plant growth. 
C) Rounded peds have more space between them than other peds,and are therefore worse for plant growth. 
D) Rounded peds have more space between them than other peds,and are therefore better for plant growth.

Question 16

Because podzolic soils are associated with sandy soils and coniferous trees,which best describes these?

Accepted Answer

A) Acidic. 
B) Alkaline. 
C) Neutral in pH. 
A) Acidic. 
B) Alkaline. 
C) Neutral in pH.

Question 17

Rounded peds have more pore space between them and greater permeability than do other ped shapes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which is the term used to denote the part of a volume of soil that is filled with air,gases,or water?

Accepted Answer

A) Soil texture. 
B) Porosity. 
C) Permeability. 
D) Soil structure. 
A) Soil texture. 
B) Porosity. 
C) Permeability. 
D) Soil structure.

Question 19

Selenium contamination of western soils is related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The application of chemicals by farmers. 
B) Reliance of natural precipitation with no irrigation. 
C) Concentration of a natural element in the soil through irrigation drainage collection. 
D) Drainage of industrial runoff into agricultural areas. 
A) The application of chemicals by farmers. 
B) Reliance of natural precipitation with no irrigation. 
C) Concentration of a natural element in the soil through irrigation drainage collection. 
D) Drainage of industrial runoff into agricultural areas.

Question 20

Why is cation-exchange capacity (CEC)an important soil characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) CEC is an indication of the soil permeability; the lower the CEC the higher the permeability. 
B) CEC is a measure of soil fertility; the higher the CEC the higher the soil fertility. 
C) CEC is an indirect way to measure soil pH; it indicates whether the soil is neutral,alkaline,or acidic. 
D) CEC is used to infer soil texture without having to use a soil texture triangle. 
A) CEC is an indication of the soil permeability; the lower the CEC the higher the permeability. 
B) CEC is a measure of soil fertility; the higher the CEC the higher the soil fertility. 
C) CEC is an indirect way to measure soil pH; it indicates whether the soil is neutral,alkaline,or acidic. 
D) CEC is used to infer soil texture without having to use a soil texture triangle.

What are the six main horizons found in soils? Briefly describe each.

Which are heavy,expandable clay soils?

Which soils result from accumulations of thick organic matter,such as in the beds of former lakes or bogs?

Which is the phenomenon of desert expansion along the margins of semiarid and arid lands?

Which best describes the principal natural soil-forming factors?

Organic soils (Histosols)tend to be very dry soils found primarily in the world's arid regions.

Soils with a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)are considered alkaline.

The horizon identified as regolith is which horizon?

A soil order is the lowest and most precise level of the Canadian System of Soil Classification.

Which type of soil is the least developed?

Desertification is affecting over a billion people worldwide.

The U.S.soil classification system has not been updated since the mid-1970s.

Which is a vertical section of soil that is generally organized into distinct horizontal layers?

Which best describes acidic soils?

Consider the spacing between different shapes of peds.How do rounded peds compare with respect to plant growth?

Because podzolic soils are associated with sandy soils and coniferous trees,which best describes these?

Rounded peds have more pore space between them and greater permeability than do other ped shapes.

Which is the term used to denote the part of a volume of soil that is filled with air,gases,or water?

Selenium contamination of western soils is related to which of the following?

Why is cation-exchange capacity (CEC)an important soil characteristic?

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earths Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Oceans, coastal Processes, and Wind Processes

Glacial and Periglacial Landscapes

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Exam 18: The Geography of Soils

What are the six main horizons found in soils? Briefly describe each.

Which are heavy,expandable clay soils?

Which soils result from accumulations of thick organic matter,such as in the beds of former lakes or bogs?

Which is the phenomenon of desert expansion along the margins of semiarid and arid lands?

Which best describes the principal natural soil-forming factors?

Organic soils (Histosols)tend to be very dry soils found primarily in the world's arid regions.

Soils with a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)are considered alkaline.

The horizon identified as regolith is which horizon?

A soil order is the lowest and most precise level of the Canadian System of Soil Classification.

Which type of soil is the least developed?

Desertification is affecting over a billion people worldwide.

The U.S.soil classification system has not been updated since the mid-1970s.

Which is a vertical section of soil that is generally organized into distinct horizontal layers?

Which best describes acidic soils?

Consider the spacing between different shapes of peds.How do rounded peds compare with respect to plant growth?

Because podzolic soils are associated with sandy soils and coniferous trees,which best describes these?

Rounded peds have more pore space between them and greater permeability than do other ped shapes.

Which is the term used to denote the part of a volume of soil that is filled with air,gases,or water?

Selenium contamination of western soils is related to which of the following?

Why is cation-exchange capacity (CEC)an important soil characteristic?

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earths Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Oceans, coastal Processes, and Wind Processes

Glacial and Periglacial Landscapes

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters