Question 1

Removal of the pituitary gland has been found to

Accepted Answer

A)  prolong survival under normal conditions 
B)  have no effect on learning and memory 
C)  cause atrophy of the lymph nodes 
D)  paradoxically increase NK activity 
A)  prolong survival under normal conditions 
B)  have no effect on learning and memory 
C)  cause atrophy of the lymph nodes 
D)  paradoxically increase NK activity C

Question 2

The relationship between the immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal system is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  counterintuitive 
B)  interdependent 
C)  parallel 
D)  unidirectional 
A)  counterintuitive 
B)  interdependent 
C)  parallel 
D)  unidirectional B

Question 3

The release of which of the following hormones is controlled by the level of extracellular calcium

Accepted Answer

A)  melatonin 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  insulin 
D)  none of the above 
A)  melatonin 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  insulin 
D)  none of the above B

Question 4

Endocrine signalling may be characterized as a process whereby

Accepted Answer

A)  energy resources are realocated according to circadian inputs 
B)  energy resources are realocated according to situational inputs 
C)  energy resources are equitably distributed to all tissues 
D)  both a and b. 
A)  energy resources are realocated according to circadian inputs 
B)  energy resources are realocated according to situational inputs 
C)  energy resources are equitably distributed to all tissues 
D)  both a and b.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false

Accepted Answer

A)  CRH causes the release of POMC cleavage products 
B)  CRH effect on ACTH release is augmented by AVP 
C)  CRH increases the release of ACTH 
D)  CRH decreases the release of β-endorphin 
A)  CRH causes the release of POMC cleavage products 
B)  CRH effect on ACTH release is augmented by AVP 
C)  CRH increases the release of ACTH 
D)  CRH decreases the release of β-endorphin

Question 6

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  is found only within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus 
B)  causes the release of luteinizing hormone 
C)  has no direct effect on immune cells 
D)  acts as a neuromodulator 
A)  is found only within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus 
B)  causes the release of luteinizing hormone 
C)  has no direct effect on immune cells 
D)  acts as a neuromodulator

Question 7

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland include

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin 
B)  oxytocin 
C)  somatostatin 
D)  all of the above 
A)  prolactin 
B)  oxytocin 
C)  somatostatin 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

The release of TRH is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  dopaminergic neurons 
B)  neuropeptide Y 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  all of the above 
A)  dopaminergic neurons 
B)  neuropeptide Y 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements is false

Accepted Answer

A)  immune cells do not produce pituitary hormones 
B)  pituitary cells produce cytokines 
C)  adipose tissue has endocrine effects 
D)  cytokines alter endocrine activity 
A)  immune cells do not produce pituitary hormones 
B)  pituitary cells produce cytokines 
C)  adipose tissue has endocrine effects 
D)  cytokines alter endocrine activity

Question 10

Cytokines are large molecules which participate in intercellular communication. They are released by

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary cells 
B)  glial cells 
C)  both a and b 
D)  immune cells only 
A)  anterior pituitary cells 
B)  glial cells 
C)  both a and b 
D)  immune cells only

Question 11

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  pineal gland 
C)  pituitary gland 
D)  gastrointestinal tract 
A)  liver 
B)  pineal gland 
C)  pituitary gland 
D)  gastrointestinal tract

Question 12

Gonadal steroids affect immune responses through their action on

Accepted Answer

A)  the activity of the HPA axis 
B)  the thymic epithilium 
C)  cytoplasmic receptors found in all leukocytes 
D)  both a and b 
A)  the activity of the HPA axis 
B)  the thymic epithilium 
C)  cytoplasmic receptors found in all leukocytes 
D)  both a and b

Question 13

Which of the following appears to inhibit the release of AVP from the posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

A)  opioid peptides 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  dopamine 
D)  angiotensin II 
A)  opioid peptides 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  dopamine 
D)  angiotensin II

Question 14

The thymus gland is

Accepted Answer

A)  above the midbrain and nestled between the cerebral hemispheres 
B)  considered to be part of the endocrine system 
C)  a primary lymphoid organ 
D)  both b and c 
A)  above the midbrain and nestled between the cerebral hemispheres 
B)  considered to be part of the endocrine system 
C)  a primary lymphoid organ 
D)  both b and c

Question 15

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has a direct influence over

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of ACTH 
B)  the activity of the autonomic nervous system 
C)  the release of growth hormone 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the release of ACTH 
B)  the activity of the autonomic nervous system 
C)  the release of growth hormone 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

Insulin, parathyroid hormone, and melatonin effects on immune activity have been respectively found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  mediated by endogeneous opioids, counteracted by IL-4, anti inflammatory 
B)  counteracted by IL-4, anti inflammatory, mediated by endogeneous opioids 
C)  anti inflammatory, counteracted by IL-4, mediated by endogeneous opioids 
D)  anti inflammatory, mediated by endogeneous opioids, counteracted by IL-4 
A)  mediated by endogeneous opioids, counteracted by IL-4, anti inflammatory 
B)  counteracted by IL-4, anti inflammatory, mediated by endogeneous opioids 
C)  anti inflammatory, counteracted by IL-4, mediated by endogeneous opioids 
D)  anti inflammatory, mediated by endogeneous opioids, counteracted by IL-4

Question 17

Increased prolactin levels are observed

Accepted Answer

A)  in response to drugs that stimulate D2 receptors 
B)  as an early indication of transplanted tissue rejection 
C)  in response to dopamine agonists 
D)  all of the above 
A)  in response to drugs that stimulate D2 receptors 
B)  as an early indication of transplanted tissue rejection 
C)  in response to dopamine agonists 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Immune effects of pituitary-adrenal hormones are

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoenhacing 
B)  immunosuppressive 
C)  dependent on the number of glucocorticoid receptors expressed 
D)  proinflammatory 
A)  immunoenhacing 
B)  immunosuppressive 
C)  dependent on the number of glucocorticoid receptors expressed 
D)  proinflammatory

Question 19

Which of the following is not an effect of glucocorticoids

Accepted Answer

A)  diminish antibody synthesis 
B)  down regulate antigen presentation 
C)  diminish inflammation 
D)  shift balance away from cell-mediated adaptive immunity 
A)  diminish antibody synthesis 
B)  down regulate antigen presentation 
C)  diminish inflammation 
D)  shift balance away from cell-mediated adaptive immunity

Question 20

The pituitary gland releases

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids 
B)  β-endorphin 
C)  insulin like growth factor-1 
D)  calcitonin 
A)  glucocorticoids 
B)  β-endorphin 
C)  insulin like growth factor-1 
D)  calcitonin

Removal of the pituitary gland has been found to

The relationship between the immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal system is best described as

The release of which of the following hormones is controlled by the level of extracellular calcium

Endocrine signalling may be characterized as a process whereby

Which of the following statements is false

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland include

The release of TRH is influenced by

Which of the following statements is false

Cytokines are large molecules which participate in intercellular communication. They are released by

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the

Gonadal steroids affect immune responses through their action on

Which of the following appears to inhibit the release of AVP from the posterior pituitary

The thymus gland is

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has a direct influence over

Insulin, parathyroid hormone, and melatonin effects on immune activity have been respectively found to be

Increased prolactin levels are observed

Immune effects of pituitary-adrenal hormones are

Which of the following is not an effect of glucocorticoids

The pituitary gland releases

Introduction

Historical Antecedents

Immune System Basics

Neuroimmune Modulation

Stress, Contextual Change, and Disease

Psychosocial Stress

Infection, Allergy, and Psychosocial Stress

Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Immune Activity and Psychopathology

Immune Function Enhancement

Integration and Implications

Filters

Exam 4: Endocrine-Immune Modulation

Removal of the pituitary gland has been found to

The relationship between the immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal system is best described as

The release of which of the following hormones is controlled by the level of extracellular calcium

Endocrine signalling may be characterized as a process whereby

Which of the following statements is false

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland include

The release of TRH is influenced by

Which of the following statements is false

Cytokines are large molecules which participate in intercellular communication. They are released by

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the

Gonadal steroids affect immune responses through their action on

Which of the following appears to inhibit the release of AVP from the posterior pituitary

The thymus gland is

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has a direct influence over

Insulin, parathyroid hormone, and melatonin effects on immune activity have been respectively found to be

Increased prolactin levels are observed

Immune effects of pituitary-adrenal hormones are

Which of the following is not an effect of glucocorticoids

The pituitary gland releases

Introduction

Historical Antecedents

Immune System Basics

Neuroimmune Modulation

Stress, Contextual Change, and Disease

Psychosocial Stress

Infection, Allergy, and Psychosocial Stress

Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Immune Activity and Psychopathology

Immune Function Enhancement

Integration and Implications

Filters