Question 1

Which of the following is true about herd immunity

Accepted Answer

A)  diminishes the probability of an epidemic 
B)  can be enhanced by vaccination 
C)  limits the opportunity for infectives to meet susceptibles 
D)  all of the above 
A)  diminishes the probability of an epidemic 
B)  can be enhanced by vaccination 
C)  limits the opportunity for infectives to meet susceptibles 
D)  all of the above D

Question 2

An understandig that infectious diseases are transmissable was not articulated until the which of the following centuries

Accepted Answer

A)  sixteenth 
B)  seventeenth 
C)  eighteenth 
D)  nineteenth 
A)  sixteenth 
B)  seventeenth 
C)  eighteenth 
D)  nineteenth A

Question 3

Mast-cell degranulation

Accepted Answer

A)  initiates inflammation 
B)  gives rise to nociceptive signals 
C)  activates axon-reflexes and the release of neuropeptides 
D)  all of the above 
A)  initiates inflammation 
B)  gives rise to nociceptive signals 
C)  activates axon-reflexes and the release of neuropeptides 
D)  all of the above D

Question 4

One of the earliest recorded epidemics ocurred in

Accepted Answer

A)  Rome 
B)  Paris 
C)  Egypt 
D)  China 
A)  Rome 
B)  Paris 
C)  Egypt 
D)  China

Question 5

Psychosocial stress has an impact on allergy in that it appears to

Accepted Answer

A)  be associated with risk of developing such disorders 
B)  decrease the manifestation of symptoms in some circumstances 
C)  explain the higher incidence in underdeveloped countries 
D)  both a and b 
A)  be associated with risk of developing such disorders 
B)  decrease the manifestation of symptoms in some circumstances 
C)  explain the higher incidence in underdeveloped countries 
D)  both a and b

Question 6

The complexity of immune responses

Accepted Answer

A)  is mostly the result of genetic factors 
B)  reflects the balancing of pro-imflammatory and anti-inflamatory signals 
C)  is not influenced by pathogen responses 
D)  is independent of pathogen heterogeneity 
A)  is mostly the result of genetic factors 
B)  reflects the balancing of pro-imflammatory and anti-inflamatory signals 
C)  is not influenced by pathogen responses 
D)  is independent of pathogen heterogeneity

Question 7

Which of the following is false about infectious diseases

Accepted Answer

A)  they account for 25% of yearly global mortality 
B)  tuberculosis is one of the top five diseases 
C)  older individuals are the most affected 
D)  they are unevenly distributed throughout the world 
A)  they account for 25% of yearly global mortality 
B)  tuberculosis is one of the top five diseases 
C)  older individuals are the most affected 
D)  they are unevenly distributed throughout the world

Question 8

Which of the following pathogens has been implicated in both heart disease and peptic ulcers

Accepted Answer

A)  cytomegalovirus 
B)  chlamydia pneumoniae 
C)  candida albicans 
D)  none of the above 
A)  cytomegalovirus 
B)  chlamydia pneumoniae 
C)  candida albicans 
D)  none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is true about zoonotic infections

Accepted Answer

A)  they occur only in zoos 
B)  they are restricted to lower animals 
C)  they are trasmitted by insects 
D)  they are able to cross species 
A)  they occur only in zoos 
B)  they are restricted to lower animals 
C)  they are trasmitted by insects 
D)  they are able to cross species

Question 10

Disorders such as asthma and eczema were once thought to be primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  a result of exposure to environmetal toxins 
B)  caused by parasites 
C)  due to air temperature 
D)  due to emotional disturbance 
A)  a result of exposure to environmetal toxins 
B)  caused by parasites 
C)  due to air temperature 
D)  due to emotional disturbance

Question 11

Allergic responses

Accepted Answer

A)  require the participation of B-lymphocytes 
B)  occur upon first encountering allergen 
C)  do not requre T-cell mediation 
D)  are always highly localized 
A)  require the participation of B-lymphocytes 
B)  occur upon first encountering allergen 
C)  do not requre T-cell mediation 
D)  are always highly localized

Question 12

Drugs used to control asthma symptoms may ultimately aggravate the disorder because

Accepted Answer

A)  they supress humoral immunity (Th2) 
B)  they supress cell-mediated immunity (Th1) 
C)  they augment cell-mediated immunity (Th1) 
D)  none of the above 
A)  they supress humoral immunity (Th2) 
B)  they supress cell-mediated immunity (Th1) 
C)  they augment cell-mediated immunity (Th1) 
D)  none of the above

Question 13

When an individual who has been infected remains susceptible to recurrences of disease symptoms the pathogen is said to have caused

Accepted Answer

A)  collateral damage 
B)  latent infection 
C)  chronic disease 
D)  immune dysregulation 
A)  collateral damage 
B)  latent infection 
C)  chronic disease 
D)  immune dysregulation

Question 14

Which of the following are subclassified based on shape and oxygen tolerance

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi 
B)  helminths 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viroids 
A)  fungi 
B)  helminths 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viroids

Question 15

Allergic disorders are fundementally the result of an inflammatory response

Accepted Answer

A)  that is higly localized 
B)  elicited by hazardous substances 
C)  that can be lethal 
D)  both a and c 
A)  that is higly localized 
B)  elicited by hazardous substances 
C)  that can be lethal 
D)  both a and c

Question 16

Methodologically rigorous studies of upper respiratory tract infections have found that after controlled exposure to rhinoviruses the individuals who develop colds

Accepted Answer

A)  are more introverted 
B)  have higher cortisol levels 
C)  have lower NK activity 
D)  have high social network diversity 
A)  are more introverted 
B)  have higher cortisol levels 
C)  have lower NK activity 
D)  have high social network diversity

Question 17

Infectious agents cause tissue damage via a variety of mechanism including the immune response itself. Which of the following is an example of immune mediated
Damage

Accepted Answer

A)  granuloma formation 
B)  molecular mimicry 
C)  tumor necrosis factor-α release 
D)  all of the above 
A)  granuloma formation 
B)  molecular mimicry 
C)  tumor necrosis factor-α release 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

The discovery that microbes appear associated with the development of heart disase

Accepted Answer

A)  explains why antibiotic therapy is benficial 
B)  discredits research linking heart attacks to anger and hostility 
C)  is consistent with the role of inflammation in heart disease 
D)  all of the above 
A)  explains why antibiotic therapy is benficial 
B)  discredits research linking heart attacks to anger and hostility 
C)  is consistent with the role of inflammation in heart disease 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that allergies

Accepted Answer

A)  are most frequent in unhygienic environments 
B)  can be controlled by maintaining good hygiene 
C)  are less prevalent in less hygienic environments 
D)  both a and b 
A)  are most frequent in unhygienic environments 
B)  can be controlled by maintaining good hygiene 
C)  are less prevalent in less hygienic environments 
D)  both a and b

Question 20

Research on the impact of psychosocial stress on infectious disease has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  more life change is associated with lower risk of illness 
B)  more social interaction is protective across the board 
C)  there is no association between religious practives and the course of AIDS 
D)  HIV positive individuals who find meaning and avoid dispair fare better 
A)  more life change is associated with lower risk of illness 
B)  more social interaction is protective across the board 
C)  there is no association between religious practives and the course of AIDS 
D)  HIV positive individuals who find meaning and avoid dispair fare better

Which of the following is true about herd immunity

An understandig that infectious diseases are transmissable was not articulated until the which of the following centuries

Mast-cell degranulation

One of the earliest recorded epidemics ocurred in

Psychosocial stress has an impact on allergy in that it appears to

The complexity of immune responses

Which of the following is false about infectious diseases

Which of the following pathogens has been implicated in both heart disease and peptic ulcers

Which of the following is true about zoonotic infections

Disorders such as asthma and eczema were once thought to be primarily

Allergic responses

Drugs used to control asthma symptoms may ultimately aggravate the disorder because

When an individual who has been infected remains susceptible to recurrences of disease symptoms the pathogen is said to have caused

Which of the following are subclassified based on shape and oxygen tolerance

Allergic disorders are fundementally the result of an inflammatory response

Methodologically rigorous studies of upper respiratory tract infections have found that after controlled exposure to rhinoviruses the individuals who develop colds

Infectious agents cause tissue damage via a variety of mechanism including the immune response itself. Which of the following is an example of immune mediated Damage

The discovery that microbes appear associated with the development of heart disase

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that allergies

Research on the impact of psychosocial stress on infectious disease has shown that

Introduction

Historical Antecedents

Immune System Basics

Endocrine-Immune Modulation

Neuroimmune Modulation

Stress, Contextual Change, and Disease

Psychosocial Stress

Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Immune Activity and Psychopathology

Immune Function Enhancement

Integration and Implications

Filters

Exam 8: Infection, Allergy, and Psychosocial Stress

Which of the following is true about herd immunity

An understandig that infectious diseases are transmissable was not articulated until the which of the following centuries

Mast-cell degranulation

One of the earliest recorded epidemics ocurred in

Psychosocial stress has an impact on allergy in that it appears to

The complexity of immune responses

Which of the following is false about infectious diseases

Which of the following pathogens has been implicated in both heart disease and peptic ulcers

Which of the following is true about zoonotic infections

Disorders such as asthma and eczema were once thought to be primarily

Allergic responses

Drugs used to control asthma symptoms may ultimately aggravate the disorder because

When an individual who has been infected remains susceptible to recurrences of disease symptoms the pathogen is said to have caused

Which of the following are subclassified based on shape and oxygen tolerance

Allergic disorders are fundementally the result of an inflammatory response

Methodologically rigorous studies of upper respiratory tract infections have found that after controlled exposure to rhinoviruses the individuals who develop colds

Infectious agents cause tissue damage via a variety of mechanism including the immune response itself. Which of the following is an example of immune mediated Damage

The discovery that microbes appear associated with the development of heart disase

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that allergies

Research on the impact of psychosocial stress on infectious disease has shown that

Introduction

Historical Antecedents

Immune System Basics

Endocrine-Immune Modulation

Neuroimmune Modulation

Stress, Contextual Change, and Disease

Psychosocial Stress

Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Immune Activity and Psychopathology

Immune Function Enhancement

Integration and Implications

Filters