Question 1

Psychiatric disorders with a link to infection

Accepted Answer

A)  afflict only children 
B)  are rare in develped nations 
C)  are caused only by prnatal exposure 
D)  none of the above 
A)  afflict only children 
B)  are rare in develped nations 
C)  are caused only by prnatal exposure 
D)  none of the above D

Question 2

Which of the following has not been found in the case of PTSD

Accepted Answer

A)  increased number of T-reg lymphocytes 
B)  decreased NK cell activity 
C)  increased NK cell activity 
D)  enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity 
A)  increased number of T-reg lymphocytes 
B)  decreased NK cell activity 
C)  increased NK cell activity 
D)  enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity A

Question 3

Which of the following psychiatric medications appear to increase the production of autoantibodies

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroleptics 
B)  lithium 
C)  antidepressants 
D)  none of the above 
A)  neuroleptics 
B)  lithium 
C)  antidepressants 
D)  none of the above A

Question 4

Microbial penetration and growth

Accepted Answer

A)  modifies psychosocial experience 
B)  leads to immune activation 
C)  alters brain activity 
D)  all of the above 
A)  modifies psychosocial experience 
B)  leads to immune activation 
C)  alters brain activity 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

Entry of acivated T-lymphocytes capable of releasing cytokines can promote localized proinflammatory activity by activating

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes 
B)  neurons 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  ependymal cells 
A)  astrocytes 
B)  neurons 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  ependymal cells

Question 6

Which of the following disorders does not resemble sickness behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  fibromyalgia 
C)  hypochondriasis 
D)  chronic fatigue syndrome 
A)  depression 
B)  fibromyalgia 
C)  hypochondriasis 
D)  chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 7

Immune activity has been implicated in the etiology of

Accepted Answer

A)  many brain disorders 
B)  neurological disorders only 
C)  most brain disorders except those in the realm of psychiatry 
D)  neurodegenerative disorders of unkown etiology 
A)  many brain disorders 
B)  neurological disorders only 
C)  most brain disorders except those in the realm of psychiatry 
D)  neurodegenerative disorders of unkown etiology

Question 8

Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on memory formation is

Accepted Answer

A)  suppressive 
B)  facilitative 
C)  depends on the cell type releasing the cytokines 
D)  species dependent 
A)  suppressive 
B)  facilitative 
C)  depends on the cell type releasing the cytokines 
D)  species dependent

Question 9

Postencephalitic behavior most closely resembles

Accepted Answer

A)  schizphrenia 
B)  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 
C)  autism 
D)  obsesessive-compulsive disorder 
A)  schizphrenia 
B)  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 
C)  autism 
D)  obsesessive-compulsive disorder

Question 10

Immune activity within the brain is

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly induced by the presence of pathogen 
B)  rapidly activated due to the high expression of HLA class II molecules 
C)  hindered by the BBB and the absence of lymphatic vessels 
D)  both a and b 
A)  rapidly induced by the presence of pathogen 
B)  rapidly activated due to the high expression of HLA class II molecules 
C)  hindered by the BBB and the absence of lymphatic vessels 
D)  both a and b

Question 11

Cells capable of activating immune responses within the brain include

Accepted Answer

A)  mast cells 
B)  microglia 
C)  perivascular macrophages 
D)  all of the above 
A)  mast cells 
B)  microglia 
C)  perivascular macrophages 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

CNS infections that are widespread are typically caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi 
B)  parasites 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses 
A)  fungi 
B)  parasites 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses

Question 13

Changes in behavior and emotion due to infection

Accepted Answer

A)  require that pathogens enter the CNS 
B)  occur even when infection is outside the CNS 
C)  require CNS entry of activated lymphocytes 
D)  occur only when there is abnormal BBB permeability 
A)  require that pathogens enter the CNS 
B)  occur even when infection is outside the CNS 
C)  require CNS entry of activated lymphocytes 
D)  occur only when there is abnormal BBB permeability

Question 14

Research on immune correlates of major depression has linked pro-inflammatory activity to decreased

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin levels 
B)  sensitivity to cortisol 
C)  proliferation of T-reg lymphocytes 
D)  all of the above 
A)  serotonin levels 
B)  sensitivity to cortisol 
C)  proliferation of T-reg lymphocytes 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Neurodegenerative disorders have not been associated with infection by

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses 
B)  viroids 
C)  prions 
D)  misfolded protein 
A)  viruses 
B)  viroids 
C)  prions 
D)  misfolded protein

Question 16

HSV-1 infection is quite common and can cause transient psychiatric symptoms because the virus

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in neurons of higher cortical structures 
B)  can remain latent for long periods 
C)  can be reactivated by stress 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is found in neurons of higher cortical structures 
B)  can remain latent for long periods 
C)  can be reactivated by stress 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Cytokines have access to CNS via

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport across endothilium 
B)  circumventricular organs 
C)  vagal afferents 
D)  all of the above 
A)  active transport across endothilium 
B)  circumventricular organs 
C)  vagal afferents 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is true about CNS infections

Accepted Answer

A)  they are always caused by viruses 
B)  a long period can elapse between infection and clinical manifestations 
C)  they are not related to age or immune status 
D)  clinical symptoms are closely tied to the specific pathogen 
A)  they are always caused by viruses 
B)  a long period can elapse between infection and clinical manifestations 
C)  they are not related to age or immune status 
D)  clinical symptoms are closely tied to the specific pathogen

Question 19

Research on the effects of immune activation on mental processes has shown

Accepted Answer

A)  that IL-2 has no effect 
B)  lipopolysaccharide increases confusion 
C)  vaccination has no effect 
D)  endotoxin improves memory 
A)  that IL-2 has no effect 
B)  lipopolysaccharide increases confusion 
C)  vaccination has no effect 
D)  endotoxin improves memory

Question 20

Lyme Disease is not

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by a spirochete 
B)  contracted from tic bites 
C)  known to cause permanent neurocognitive deficits 
D)  named after a town 
A)  caused by a spirochete 
B)  contracted from tic bites 
C)  known to cause permanent neurocognitive deficits 
D)  named after a town

Psychiatric disorders with a link to infection

Which of the following has not been found in the case of PTSD

Which of the following psychiatric medications appear to increase the production of autoantibodies

Microbial penetration and growth

Entry of acivated T-lymphocytes capable of releasing cytokines can promote localized proinflammatory activity by activating

Which of the following disorders does not resemble sickness behavior

Immune activity has been implicated in the etiology of

Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on memory formation is

Postencephalitic behavior most closely resembles

Immune activity within the brain is

Cells capable of activating immune responses within the brain include

CNS infections that are widespread are typically caused by

Changes in behavior and emotion due to infection

Research on immune correlates of major depression has linked pro-inflammatory activity to decreased

Neurodegenerative disorders have not been associated with infection by

HSV-1 infection is quite common and can cause transient psychiatric symptoms because the virus

Cytokines have access to CNS via

Which of the following is true about CNS infections

Research on the effects of immune activation on mental processes has shown

Lyme Disease is not

Introduction

Historical Antecedents

Immune System Basics

Endocrine-Immune Modulation

Neuroimmune Modulation

Stress, Contextual Change, and Disease

Psychosocial Stress

Infection, Allergy, and Psychosocial Stress

Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Immune Function Enhancement

Integration and Implications

Filters

Exam 10: Immune Activity and Psychopathology

Psychiatric disorders with a link to infection

Which of the following has not been found in the case of PTSD

Which of the following psychiatric medications appear to increase the production of autoantibodies

Microbial penetration and growth

Entry of acivated T-lymphocytes capable of releasing cytokines can promote localized proinflammatory activity by activating

Which of the following disorders does not resemble sickness behavior

Immune activity has been implicated in the etiology of

Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on memory formation is

Postencephalitic behavior most closely resembles

Immune activity within the brain is

Cells capable of activating immune responses within the brain include

CNS infections that are widespread are typically caused by

Changes in behavior and emotion due to infection

Research on immune correlates of major depression has linked pro-inflammatory activity to decreased

Neurodegenerative disorders have not been associated with infection by

HSV-1 infection is quite common and can cause transient psychiatric symptoms because the virus

Cytokines have access to CNS via

Which of the following is true about CNS infections

Research on the effects of immune activation on mental processes has shown

Lyme Disease is not

Introduction

Historical Antecedents

Immune System Basics

Endocrine-Immune Modulation

Neuroimmune Modulation

Stress, Contextual Change, and Disease

Psychosocial Stress

Infection, Allergy, and Psychosocial Stress

Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Psychosocial Stress

Immune Function Enhancement

Integration and Implications

Filters