Question 1

A clear biological mechanism for the development and maintenance of anti-social behaviour, demonstrated by David Lykken and colleagues, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an enlarged amygdala 
B)  overactive frontal lobes 
C)  reduced overall arousal 
D)  overproduction of serotonin and dopamine 
A)  an enlarged amygdala 
B)  overactive frontal lobes 
C)  reduced overall arousal 
D)  overproduction of serotonin and dopamine

Question 2

Hypomania is a problem in ____________ and indicates a somewhat ____________ severe form of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  borderline personality disorder; more 
B)  schizophrenia; less 
C)  bipolar disorder; less 
D)  schizotypal personality disorder; more 
A)  borderline personality disorder; more 
B)  schizophrenia; less 
C)  bipolar disorder; less 
D)  schizotypal personality disorder; more

Question 3

Under which of the following conditions do you have the greatest chance of developing schizophrenia during your lifetime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both of your parents have the disorder. 
B)  Your fraternal twin has the disorder. 
C)  Your spouse has the disorder. 
D)  There are generally higher rates in your culture. 
A)  Both of your parents have the disorder. 
B)  Your fraternal twin has the disorder. 
C)  Your spouse has the disorder. 
D)  There are generally higher rates in your culture.

Question 4

Angie often has relationships that are full of drama, and her emotions in these relationships range from extremely loving to angry and depressed. Other people view her as intense and unstable. She has been this way since adolescence and probably won't change much as she ages. Her disorder would be diagnosed as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Axis I 
B)  Axis II 
C)  Axis III 
D)  Axis IV 
A)  Axis I 
B)  Axis II 
C)  Axis III 
D)  Axis IV

Question 5

Who is most likely to experience learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freddie, who attributes his failings to situational factors 
B)  Narmeen, who attributes her failings to stable and global personal factors 
C)  Mellie, who optimistically expects the best to happen 
D)  Sanny, who must always find solutions to numerous personal setbacks 
A)  Freddie, who attributes his failings to situational factors 
B)  Narmeen, who attributes her failings to stable and global personal factors 
C)  Mellie, who optimistically expects the best to happen 
D)  Sanny, who must always find solutions to numerous personal setbacks

Question 6

The frequency of schizophrenia across cultures is:

Accepted Answer

A)  very similar, afflicting about 10 percent of adults 
B)  very dissimilar, afflicting between 1 percent to 10 percent of adults depending on culture 
C)  very similar, afflicting about 1 percent of the population 
D)  largely unknown since many cultures do not recognize schizophrenia symptoms as problematic 
A)  very similar, afflicting about 10 percent of adults 
B)  very dissimilar, afflicting between 1 percent to 10 percent of adults depending on culture 
C)  very similar, afflicting about 1 percent of the population 
D)  largely unknown since many cultures do not recognize schizophrenia symptoms as problematic

Question 7

Longitudinal brain imaging studies indicate that in people with schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain ventricles become smaller over time 
B)  the frontal and temporal lobes show a dramatic increase in activity 
C)  the amount of overall brain tissue is reduced 
D)  both the amygdala and hippocampus become almost inactive 
A)  brain ventricles become smaller over time 
B)  the frontal and temporal lobes show a dramatic increase in activity 
C)  the amount of overall brain tissue is reduced 
D)  both the amygdala and hippocampus become almost inactive

Question 8

Cruz tends to be a generally unhappy person. He rarely smiles or gets excited about anything. He can remember only a few times in his life when he felt genuinely happy. He says that he is not depressed, that this is just the way he is. A clinical psychologist would probably diagnose Cruz with:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysthymia 
B)  hypomania 
C)  cyclothymia 
D)  a psychological disorder "not otherwise specified" 
A)  dysthymia 
B)  hypomania 
C)  cyclothymia 
D)  a psychological disorder "not otherwise specified"

Question 9

The notion that schizophrenia may be caused by a virus:

Accepted Answer

A)  is an outdated theory 
B)  is supported in studies of pregnant women 
C)  is supported by adoption studies 
D)  is a current theory but there is no research support for it at this time 
A)  is an outdated theory 
B)  is supported in studies of pregnant women 
C)  is supported by adoption studies 
D)  is a current theory but there is no research support for it at this time

Question 10

Mary was recently admitted to the psychiatric ward of a hospital. She does not seem to talk, except for mumbling a few incoherent phrases every few hours. When asked why she thought she was brought to the hospital, Mary just shrugged her shoulders, not seeming to understand the question. What is the best way for hospital staff to assess Mary's psychological state, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  They should use a projective test, like the Rorshach, because the Rorshach doesn't require Mary to talk. 
B)  They should use an objective test, like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, because it can be completed by someone other than Mary. 
C)  They should perform a mental status exam, because it is based on behavioural observation. 
D)  They should use the Thematic Apperception Test, because it is designed to be used with severely disturbed patients. 
A)  They should use a projective test, like the Rorshach, because the Rorshach doesn't require Mary to talk. 
B)  They should use an objective test, like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, because it can be completed by someone other than Mary. 
C)  They should perform a mental status exam, because it is based on behavioural observation. 
D)  They should use the Thematic Apperception Test, because it is designed to be used with severely disturbed patients.

Question 11

In comparison to specific phobias, social phobia:

Accepted Answer

A)  is much less prevalent 
B)  is related to disorders like depression 
C)  is easier to treat 
D)  has a compulsive element 
A)  is much less prevalent 
B)  is related to disorders like depression 
C)  is easier to treat 
D)  has a compulsive element

Question 12

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the feeling of excessive anxiety in the absence of any real threat 
B)  fluctuating moods that are not related to events in the environment 
C)  the feeling of being anxious without the physical symptoms of anxiety 
D)  that the parasympathetic nervous system is in a state of chronic arousal 
A)  the feeling of excessive anxiety in the absence of any real threat 
B)  fluctuating moods that are not related to events in the environment 
C)  the feeling of being anxious without the physical symptoms of anxiety 
D)  that the parasympathetic nervous system is in a state of chronic arousal

Question 13

Biological factors play a role in mental illness. Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence provided in your textbook to support this idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Medications developed for conditions other than mental illness have provided clues linking neurotransmitters to certain mental illnesses. 
B)  Fraternal twins are eight times more likely to have the same mental illness as are unrelated strangers. 
C)  Exposure to environmental toxins in childhood and adolescence may lead to mental illness. 
D)  PET scans demonstrate that some brain regions function differently in people with mental illness. 
A)  Medications developed for conditions other than mental illness have provided clues linking neurotransmitters to certain mental illnesses. 
B)  Fraternal twins are eight times more likely to have the same mental illness as are unrelated strangers. 
C)  Exposure to environmental toxins in childhood and adolescence may lead to mental illness. 
D)  PET scans demonstrate that some brain regions function differently in people with mental illness.

Question 14

The current view is that mental illness is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious conflicts 
B)  parent and peer modeling 
C)  biological and environmental factors 
D)  emotions 
A)  unconscious conflicts 
B)  parent and peer modeling 
C)  biological and environmental factors 
D)  emotions

Question 15

Jacob has clear symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely, difficulty with paying attention and lack of behavioural control. Jacob's behaviour resembles that of people with damage to which of the following brain areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amygdala 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the hypothalamus 
D)  the frontal lobes 
A)  the amygdala 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the hypothalamus 
D)  the frontal lobes

Question 16

The influence of biological rhythms on mood is particularly important in:

Accepted Answer

A)  bipolar disorder 
B)  seasonal affective disorder 
C)  dysthymia 
D)  hypomania 
A)  bipolar disorder 
B)  seasonal affective disorder 
C)  dysthymia 
D)  hypomania

Question 17

Asperger's syndrome is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a form of autism showing severe intellectual impairment 
B)  the childhood precursor to obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults 
C)  a form of high-functioning autism 
D)  a form of autism characterized by hyperactivity 
A)  a form of autism showing severe intellectual impairment 
B)  the childhood precursor to obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults 
C)  a form of high-functioning autism 
D)  a form of autism characterized by hyperactivity

Question 18

In order to create accurate diagnoses, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual:

Accepted Answer

A)  requires a five-component assessment of a patient's mental health status 
B)  groups disorders into neurotic and psychotic disorders 
C)  groups disorders by which theorist discovered them 
D)  groups disorders first by gender, then by age, then by culture, then by severity 
A)  requires a five-component assessment of a patient's mental health status 
B)  groups disorders into neurotic and psychotic disorders 
C)  groups disorders by which theorist discovered them 
D)  groups disorders first by gender, then by age, then by culture, then by severity

Question 19

Symptoms of autism:

Accepted Answer

A)  appear around four years of age 
B)  can be seen in limited form in some infants 
C)  vary greatly depending upon the sex of the child 
D)  include a pronounced interest in social stimuli 
A)  appear around four years of age 
B)  can be seen in limited form in some infants 
C)  vary greatly depending upon the sex of the child 
D)  include a pronounced interest in social stimuli

Question 20

Which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group?

Accepted Answer

A)  histrionic, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive 
B)  avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 
C)  paranoid, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 
D)  anti-social, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive 
A)  histrionic, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive 
B)  avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 
C)  paranoid, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 
D)  anti-social, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive

A clear biological mechanism for the development and maintenance of anti-social behaviour, demonstrated by David Lykken and colleagues, is:

Hypomania is a problem in and indicates a somewhat severe form of the disorder.

Under which of the following conditions do you have the greatest chance of developing schizophrenia during your lifetime?

Who is most likely to experience learned helplessness?

The frequency of schizophrenia across cultures is:

Longitudinal brain imaging studies indicate that in people with schizophrenia:

Cruz tends to be a generally unhappy person. He rarely smiles or gets excited about anything. He can remember only a few times in his life when he felt genuinely happy. He says that he is not depressed, that this is just the way he is. A clinical psychologist would probably diagnose Cruz with:

The notion that schizophrenia may be caused by a virus:

In comparison to specific phobias, social phobia:

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is:

Biological factors play a role in mental illness. Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence provided in your textbook to support this idea?

The current view is that mental illness is caused by:

Jacob has clear symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely, difficulty with paying attention and lack of behavioural control. Jacob's behaviour resembles that of people with damage to which of the following brain areas?

The influence of biological rhythms on mood is particularly important in:

Asperger's syndrome is:

In order to create accurate diagnoses, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual:

Symptoms of autism:

Which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Exam 14: Psychological Disorders

A clear biological mechanism for the development and maintenance of anti-social behaviour, demonstrated by David Lykken and colleagues, is:

Hypomania is a problem in ____________ and indicates a somewhat ____________ severe form of the disorder.

Under which of the following conditions do you have the greatest chance of developing schizophrenia during your lifetime?

Who is most likely to experience learned helplessness?

The frequency of schizophrenia across cultures is:

Longitudinal brain imaging studies indicate that in people with schizophrenia:

Cruz tends to be a generally unhappy person. He rarely smiles or gets excited about anything. He can remember only a few times in his life when he felt genuinely happy. He says that he is not depressed, that this is just the way he is. A clinical psychologist would probably diagnose Cruz with:

The notion that schizophrenia may be caused by a virus:

In comparison to specific phobias, social phobia:

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is:

Biological factors play a role in mental illness. Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence provided in your textbook to support this idea?

The current view is that mental illness is caused by:

Jacob has clear symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), namely, difficulty with paying attention and lack of behavioural control. Jacob's behaviour resembles that of people with damage to which of the following brain areas?

The influence of biological rhythms on mood is particularly important in:

Asperger's syndrome is:

In order to create accurate diagnoses, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual:

Symptoms of autism:

Which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Hypomania is a problem in and indicates a somewhat severe form of the disorder.