Question 1

Lev Vygotsky emphasized that giving children ________ provides them with a tool for advancing to higher levels of thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  new words 
B)  time-out periods 
C)  a secure attachment 
D)  a sense of object permanence 
A)  new words 
B)  time-out periods 
C)  a secure attachment 
D)  a sense of object permanence

Question 2

Babies as young as ________ month(s)learned that their own kicking moves a mobile;and they retained that learning without later practice for as long as ________ month(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  1;1 
B)  3;1 
C)  1;6 
D)  3;12 
A)  1;1 
B)  3;1 
C)  1;6 
D)  3;12

Question 3

At age 10,Cameron is unable to remember the dramatic car accident he was in or the injuries he suffered when he was almost 3 years old.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  an insecure attachment. 
B)  infantile amnesia. 
C)  stranger anxiety. 
D)  autism spectrum disorder. 
A)  an insecure attachment. 
B)  infantile amnesia. 
C)  stranger anxiety. 
D)  autism spectrum disorder.

Question 4

Some mothers feed their infants when they show signs of hunger,whereas others fail to respond predictably to their infants' demands for food.These different maternal feeding practices are most likely to contribute to differences in infant

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  conservation. 
D)  egocentrism. 
A)  accommodation. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  conservation. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 5

In an experiment,children saw a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away.They then observed another doll,Anne,move the ball to a different location.In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return,the investigators were testing the children's

Accepted Answer

A)  secure attachment. 
B)  sense of object permanence. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  stranger anxiety. 
A)  secure attachment. 
B)  sense of object permanence. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  stranger anxiety.

Question 6

Gabrielle is 4 years old and is standing in front of the TV while watching a football game.His father is also trying to watch,but Gabrielle is standing right in front of him.Gabrielle doesn't realize that he is blocking his father's view.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentric behavior. 
B)  pretend play. 
C)  conservatism. 
D)  object permanence. 
A)  egocentric behavior. 
B)  pretend play. 
C)  conservatism. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 7

One study found that English-speaking adults could relearn subtle sound contrasts in the Hindi or Zulu they had spoken as children even though they had no ________ the language they had once spoken.

Accepted Answer

A)  personal curiosity about 
B)  conscious memory of 
C)  basic trust regarding 
D)  schemas associated with 
A)  personal curiosity about 
B)  conscious memory of 
C)  basic trust regarding 
D)  schemas associated with

Question 8

The recommended back to sleep position has been associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat later walking. 
B)  somewhat earlier walking. 
C)  somewhat earlier crawling. 
D)  somewhat later crawling. 
A)  somewhat later walking. 
B)  somewhat earlier walking. 
C)  somewhat earlier crawling. 
D)  somewhat later crawling.

Question 9

Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our fourth birthday.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  infantile amnesia. 
A)  egocentrism. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  infantile amnesia.

Question 10

During which of Piaget's stages does a person develop an awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 11

A critical period is a phase during which

Accepted Answer

A)  children frequently disobey and resist their parents. 
B)  children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly. 
C)  parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained. 
D)  exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development. 
A)  children frequently disobey and resist their parents. 
B)  children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly. 
C)  parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained. 
D)  exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development.

Question 12

The relative lack of neural interconnections in the hippocampus and frontal lobes at the time of birth is most likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)  infantile amnesia. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  insecure attachment. 
D)  stranger anxiety. 
A)  infantile amnesia. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  insecure attachment. 
D)  stranger anxiety.

Question 13

The loss of parental attention and care experienced by many orphaned children is likely to put them at increased risk for

Accepted Answer

A)  infantile amnesia. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  stranger anxiety. 
D)  insecure attachments. 
A)  infantile amnesia. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  stranger anxiety. 
D)  insecure attachments.

Question 14

Kelly and Brian communicate few behavioral expectations to their children,and they are typically inattentive to their children's needs for supervision.Psychologists would characterize Kelly and Brian as ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian 
B)  negligent 
C)  authoritative 
D)  permissive 
A)  authoritarian 
B)  negligent 
C)  authoritative 
D)  permissive

Question 15

At 12 months of age,Jeremy shows no more desire to be held by his own parents than by complete strangers.His behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence. 
B)  insecure attachment. 
C)  conservation. 
D)  egocentrism. 
A)  object permanence. 
B)  insecure attachment. 
C)  conservation. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 16

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  egocentrism. 
A)  conservation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 17

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly,she had to modify her existing concept of birds.This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  accommodation. 
A)  conservation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  accommodation.

Question 18

Temperament is an individual's characteristic

Accepted Answer

A)  social connectedness. 
B)  emotional reactivity. 
C)  physical health. 
D)  intelligence. 
A)  social connectedness. 
B)  emotional reactivity. 
C)  physical health. 
D)  intelligence.

Question 19

Pat is normally very restless and fidgety;Shelly is usually quiet and easygoing.The two children most clearly differ in

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  temperament. 
D)  object permanence. 
A)  maturation. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  temperament. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 20

Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar.It is likely that Lilianne has also just

Accepted Answer

A)  mastered the principle of conservation. 
B)  overcome the limitation of egocentrism. 
C)  developed a sense of object permanence. 
D)  lost her sense of secure attachment. 
A)  mastered the principle of conservation. 
B)  overcome the limitation of egocentrism. 
C)  developed a sense of object permanence. 
D)  lost her sense of secure attachment.

Exam 14: Hearing

Lev Vygotsky emphasized that giving children ________ provides them with a tool for advancing to higher levels of thinking.

Babies as young as ________ month(s)learned that their own kicking moves a mobile;and they retained that learning without later practice for as long as ________ month(s).

At age 10,Cameron is unable to remember the dramatic car accident he was in or the injuries he suffered when he was almost 3 years old.This best illustrates

Some mothers feed their infants when they show signs of hunger,whereas others fail to respond predictably to their infants' demands for food.These different maternal feeding practices are most likely to contribute to differences in infant

In an experiment,children saw a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away.They then observed another doll,Anne,move the ball to a different location.In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return,the investigators were testing the children's

Gabrielle is 4 years old and is standing in front of the TV while watching a football game.His father is also trying to watch,but Gabrielle is standing right in front of him.Gabrielle doesn't realize that he is blocking his father's view.This is an example of

One study found that English-speaking adults could relearn subtle sound contrasts in the Hindi or Zulu they had spoken as children even though they had no ________ the language they had once spoken.

The recommended back to sleep position has been associated with

Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our fourth birthday.This best illustrates

During which of Piaget's stages does a person develop an awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived?

A critical period is a phase during which

The relative lack of neural interconnections in the hippocampus and frontal lobes at the time of birth is most likely to contribute to

The loss of parental attention and care experienced by many orphaned children is likely to put them at increased risk for

Kelly and Brian communicate few behavioral expectations to their children,and they are typically inattentive to their children's needs for supervision.Psychologists would characterize Kelly and Brian as ________ parents.

At 12 months of age,Jeremy shows no more desire to be held by his own parents than by complete strangers.His behavior best illustrates

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly,she had to modify her existing concept of birds.This best illustrates the process of

Temperament is an individual's characteristic

Pat is normally very restless and fidgety;Shelly is usually quiet and easygoing.The two children most clearly differ in

Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar.It is likely that Lilianne has also just

The History and Scope of Psychology

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions

Neural and Hormonal Systems

The Brain

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Environmental Influences on Behavior, and Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues

Introduction to Sensation and Perception

Vision

Other Senses

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Interpretation

Waking and Sleeping Rhythms

Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Learning by Observation

Introduction to Memory

Encoding: Getting Information In

Storage: Retaining Information

Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Thinking

Language and Thought

Introduction to Intelligence

Assessing Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Introduction to Motivation

Hunger

Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Motivation at Work

Introduction to Emotion

Experienced Emotion

Expressed Emotion

Stress and Illness

Coping With Stress

Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Contemporary Research on Personality

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Mood Disorders

Schizophrenia

The Psychological Therapies

Evaluating Psychotherapies

The Biomedical Therapies

Social Thinking

Appendix

Filters

Babies as young as month(s)learned that their own kicking moves a mobile;and they retained that learning without later practice for as long as month(s).