Question 1

What is significant about Gordon Allport's notion of "psychophysical systems" relating to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  It emphasizes genetic contributions. 
B)  It highlights the negative aspects of personality. 
C)  It proposes nature versus nurture as an important distinction. 
D)  It unites mental and biological processes. 
A)  It emphasizes genetic contributions. 
B)  It highlights the negative aspects of personality. 
C)  It proposes nature versus nurture as an important distinction. 
D)  It unites mental and biological processes.

Question 2

Martha knows she can succeed at getting into medical school.She says,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can successfully use,and then implement my plan." Martha is showing high levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional positive regard. 
B)  external locus of control. 
C)  internal locus of control. 
D)  openness to experience. 
A)  unconditional positive regard. 
B)  external locus of control. 
C)  internal locus of control. 
D)  openness to experience.

Question 3

According to Gordon Allport,personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  is largely contingent on one's environment. 
B)  is a dynamic system arising from biological processes. 
C)  is largely a social construction. 
D)  is the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thought and behavior. 
A)  is largely contingent on one's environment. 
B)  is a dynamic system arising from biological processes. 
C)  is largely a social construction. 
D)  is the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thought and behavior.

Question 4

According to your textbook,most contemporary trait theorists:

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to place a strong emphasis on unconscious processes. 
B)  believe behavior is jointly determined by situations and personality traits. 
C)  emphasize specific rather than general personality traits. 
D)  have failed to respond to Mischel's critique of trait theory. 
A)  continue to place a strong emphasis on unconscious processes. 
B)  believe behavior is jointly determined by situations and personality traits. 
C)  emphasize specific rather than general personality traits. 
D)  have failed to respond to Mischel's critique of trait theory.

Question 5

The fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:

Accepted Answer

A)  indicates that genetic factors are primarily responsible for personality formation. 
B)  tells us nothing about what factors may be causing such changes. 
C)  indicates that such changes are not entirely a function of the environment. 
D)  suggests that all cultures have similar stereotypes related to aging. 
A)  indicates that genetic factors are primarily responsible for personality formation. 
B)  tells us nothing about what factors may be causing such changes. 
C)  indicates that such changes are not entirely a function of the environment. 
D)  suggests that all cultures have similar stereotypes related to aging.

Question 6

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Accepted Answer

A)  other people evaluate them positively. 
B)  other people evaluate them negatively. 
C)  they are reminded of sickness and death. 
D)  others around them have low self-esteem. 
A)  other people evaluate them positively. 
B)  other people evaluate them negatively. 
C)  they are reminded of sickness and death. 
D)  others around them have low self-esteem.

Question 7

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  weakly related. 
B)  moderately related. 
C)  strongly related. 
D)  randomly related. 
A)  weakly related. 
B)  moderately related. 
C)  strongly related. 
D)  randomly related.

Question 8

In what ways do strong situations and weak situations affect personality differently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strong situations mask personality expression; weak situations reveal personality expression. 
B)  Strong situations activate defense mechanisms; weak situations weaken defense mechanisms. 
C)  Strong situations reveal personality expression; weak situations mask personality expression. 
D)  Strong situations weaken defense mechanisms; weak situations activate defense mechanisms. 
A)  Strong situations mask personality expression; weak situations reveal personality expression. 
B)  Strong situations activate defense mechanisms; weak situations weaken defense mechanisms. 
C)  Strong situations reveal personality expression; weak situations mask personality expression. 
D)  Strong situations weaken defense mechanisms; weak situations activate defense mechanisms.

Question 9

Freud's theory about people fixated at the anal stage becoming stubborn and regulating:

Accepted Answer

A)  is related to Freud's theory that those fixated at the oral stage become strict and inflexible. 
B)  has a lot of backing by current personality research. 
C)  is unsupported by current research in personality theory. 
D)  was an important factor in the humanistic movement. 
A)  is related to Freud's theory that those fixated at the oral stage become strict and inflexible. 
B)  has a lot of backing by current personality research. 
C)  is unsupported by current research in personality theory. 
D)  was an important factor in the humanistic movement.

Question 10

Jason is involved in a personality research study,and he is asked to sort cards labeled with personality characteristics into different piles.The piles represent which characteristics describe Jason very well,somewhat well,and not at all well.The assessment given to Jason is very similar to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  California Q-Sort. 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test. 
C)  NEO inventory. 
D)  Rorschach inkblot test. 
A)  California Q-Sort. 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test. 
C)  NEO inventory. 
D)  Rorschach inkblot test.

Question 11

Personality consists of characteristic ________ that are relatively stable over time and circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)  thoughts 
B)  emotional responses 
C)  behaviors 
D)  all of the above 
A)  thoughts 
B)  emotional responses 
C)  behaviors 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  psychiatric diagnosis. 
C)  sexual conflicts. 
D)  motivational traits. 
A)  self-esteem. 
B)  psychiatric diagnosis. 
C)  sexual conflicts. 
D)  motivational traits.

Question 13

What is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits are broader than temperaments. 
B)  Temperaments are broader than traits. 
C)  There is no difference; traits and temperaments are essentially identical. 
D)  It depends on the groups one is investigating. 
A)  Traits are broader than temperaments. 
B)  Temperaments are broader than traits. 
C)  There is no difference; traits and temperaments are essentially identical. 
D)  It depends on the groups one is investigating.

Question 14

After failing a test,Troy explained his poor performance by saying,"I planned to study really hard for this exam,but I was feeling sick,so I did poorly." During a previous exam,when Troy did well,he said that he studied for many hours and that all his hard work had paid off.Troy is showing evidence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-regulation. 
B)  a self-serving bias. 
C)  a positive illusion. 
D)  self-deprecation. 
A)  self-regulation. 
B)  a self-serving bias. 
C)  a positive illusion. 
D)  self-deprecation.

Question 15

Most people:

Accepted Answer

A)  are unrealistically optimistic about their futures. 
B)  overestimate their control over events. 
C)  overestimate their abilities. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  are unrealistically optimistic about their futures. 
B)  overestimate their control over events. 
C)  overestimate their abilities. 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

In Eysenck's theory,psychoticism means:

Accepted Answer

A)  being criminally insane. 
B)  showing empathy in inappropriate situations. 
C)  showing dramatic mood swings. 
D)  being impulsive and self-centered. 
A)  being criminally insane. 
B)  showing empathy in inappropriate situations. 
C)  showing dramatic mood swings. 
D)  being impulsive and self-centered.

Question 17

According to this view,behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Big Five 
B)  nomothetic approaches 
C)  situationism 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the Big Five 
B)  nomothetic approaches 
C)  situationism 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

Freud argued that defense mechanisms are:

Accepted Answer

A)  strategies the id uses to satisfy the pleasure principle. 
B)  conscious mental strategies that we use to deal with unacceptable sexual urges. 
C)  unconscious strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress. 
D)  strategies that the superego employs to satisfy the reality principle. 
A)  strategies the id uses to satisfy the pleasure principle. 
B)  conscious mental strategies that we use to deal with unacceptable sexual urges. 
C)  unconscious strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress. 
D)  strategies that the superego employs to satisfy the reality principle.

Question 19

Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in college thus far.The teacher is using a(n)________ approach to personality description.

Accepted Answer

A)  nomothetic 
B)  trait 
C)  idiographic 
D)  objective 
A)  nomothetic 
B)  trait 
C)  idiographic 
D)  objective

Question 20

Freud viewed the libido as ________.In contrast,today,we think of the libido as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unrestrained sexual behavior; sexual desire 
B)  one's unconscious motives; lust 
C)  the motive to punish or harm others; attraction 
D)  an energy that promotes pleasure-seeking; sexual drive 
A)  unrestrained sexual behavior; sexual desire 
B)  one's unconscious motives; lust 
C)  the motive to punish or harm others; attraction 
D)  an energy that promotes pleasure-seeking; sexual drive

What is significant about Gordon Allport's notion of "psychophysical systems" relating to personality?

Martha knows she can succeed at getting into medical school.She says,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can successfully use,and then implement my plan." Martha is showing high levels of:

According to Gordon Allport,personality:

According to your textbook,most contemporary trait theorists:

The fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

In what ways do strong situations and weak situations affect personality differently?

Freud's theory about people fixated at the anal stage becoming stubborn and regulating:

Jason is involved in a personality research study,and he is asked to sort cards labeled with personality characteristics into different piles.The piles represent which characteristics describe Jason very well,somewhat well,and not at all well.The assessment given to Jason is very similar to the:

Personality consists of characteristic ________ that are relatively stable over time and circumstances.

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

What is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?

Most people:

In Eysenck's theory,psychoticism means:

According to this view,behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

Freud argued that defense mechanisms are:

Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in college thus far.The teacher is using a(n)________ approach to personality description.

Freud viewed the libido as .In contrast,today,we think of the libido as .

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

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Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 13: Personality

What is significant about Gordon Allport's notion of "psychophysical systems" relating to personality?

Martha knows she can succeed at getting into medical school.She says,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can successfully use,and then implement my plan." Martha is showing high levels of:

According to Gordon Allport,personality:

According to your textbook,most contemporary trait theorists:

The fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

In what ways do strong situations and weak situations affect personality differently?

Freud's theory about people fixated at the anal stage becoming stubborn and regulating:

Jason is involved in a personality research study,and he is asked to sort cards labeled with personality characteristics into different piles.The piles represent which characteristics describe Jason very well,somewhat well,and not at all well.The assessment given to Jason is very similar to the:

Personality consists of characteristic ________ that are relatively stable over time and circumstances.

If a therapist gives a client the Thematic Apperception Test,she is attempting to assess the client's:

What is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?

Most people:

In Eysenck's theory,psychoticism means:

According to this view,behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

Freud argued that defense mechanisms are:

Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in college thus far.The teacher is using a(n)________ approach to personality description.

Freud viewed the libido as ________.In contrast,today,we think of the libido as ________.

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Freud viewed the libido as .In contrast,today,we think of the libido as .