Question 1

One response to Walter Mischel's situationism critique of trait theory is to argue that:

Accepted Answer

A)  traits are more predictive of behavior if they are central rather than secondary. 
B)  some people may be more consistent than others. 
C)  when behaviors are averaged across many situations,traits are better predictors of behavior. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  traits are more predictive of behavior if they are central rather than secondary. 
B)  some people may be more consistent than others. 
C)  when behaviors are averaged across many situations,traits are better predictors of behavior. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 2

When asked to describe her friends' personalities,Janelle could do so fairly quickly and accurately.When asked to describe her own personality,it took her a while to organize her thoughts and respond.According to the text,Janelle's difficulty in responding to questions about her own personality is most likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  People tend to lie about their character to fit others' preconceptions. 
B)  People have limited knowledge of their own behavior because they're busy paying attention to others' behaviors. 
C)  People like to appear thoughtful when asked direct questions about themselves. 
D)  People try to mask excessive self-focus by appearing disinterested in their own behaviors. 
A)  People tend to lie about their character to fit others' preconceptions. 
B)  People have limited knowledge of their own behavior because they're busy paying attention to others' behaviors. 
C)  People like to appear thoughtful when asked direct questions about themselves. 
D)  People try to mask excessive self-focus by appearing disinterested in their own behaviors.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

Accepted Answer

A)  People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life,which can cause substantial changes in personality over time. 
B)  Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older. 
C)  Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament,personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span. 
D)  Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms,so it is difficult to predict accurately. 
A)  People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life,which can cause substantial changes in personality over time. 
B)  Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older. 
C)  Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament,personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span. 
D)  Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms,so it is difficult to predict accurately.

Question 4

If a trait is a single concept,then personality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a collection of concepts. 
B)  an element of a concept. 
C)  the opposite of a concept. 
D)  none of the possible options are correct. 
A)  a collection of concepts. 
B)  an element of a concept. 
C)  the opposite of a concept. 
D)  none of the possible options are correct.

Question 5

A view that personality is a coherent whole that is based on psychophysical systems yet is adaptive to the environment is most consistent with that of:

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner. 
B)  Sigmund Freud. 
C)  Gordon Allport. 
D)  Carl Rogers. 
A) B.F.Skinner. 
B)  Sigmund Freud. 
C)  Gordon Allport. 
D)  Carl Rogers.

Question 6

Across cultures,people become ________ neurotic,________ extraverted,and ________ conscientious as they age.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; less; more 
B)  less; less; less 
C)  more; more; less 
D)  more; more; more 
A)  less; less; more 
B)  less; less; less 
C)  more; more; less 
D)  more; more; more

Question 7

Freud thought that during the latency stage of psychosexual development:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual urges are suppressed or channeled into various acceptable activities. 
B)  children deal with sexual urges by identifying with the same-sex parent. 
C)  libidinal urges are much reduced because of hormonal changes. 
D)  children develop more mature attitudes toward their sexuality. 
A)  sexual urges are suppressed or channeled into various acceptable activities. 
B)  children deal with sexual urges by identifying with the same-sex parent. 
C)  libidinal urges are much reduced because of hormonal changes. 
D)  children develop more mature attitudes toward their sexuality.

Question 8

Kara,a 2-year-old,is a participant in a research study on infant temperament.Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kara's activity level 
B)  Kara's emotional reactions 
C)  Kara's social behaviors 
D)  Kara's alertness on mental tasks 
A)  Kara's activity level 
B)  Kara's emotional reactions 
C)  Kara's social behaviors 
D)  Kara's alertness on mental tasks

Question 9

If the id is a dominant force in one's personality,he is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  feel embarrassed even if he has done nothing wrong. 
B)  be painfully shy. 
C)  do things he later regrets. 
D)  resolve conflicts in a peaceful way. 
A)  feel embarrassed even if he has done nothing wrong. 
B)  be painfully shy. 
C)  do things he later regrets. 
D)  resolve conflicts in a peaceful way.

Question 10

How are the id,superego,and ego related,according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ego is responsive to demands of both the id and the superego. 
B)  The superego controls the id and the ego. 
C)  The id,superego,and ego all operate independently. 
D)  The ego caters to the id but ignores the superego. 
A)  The ego is responsive to demands of both the id and the superego. 
B)  The superego controls the id and the ego. 
C)  The id,superego,and ego all operate independently. 
D)  The ego caters to the id but ignores the superego.

Question 11

According to research,which of the following traits is found by personality research on sex differences to be higher in men than women?

Accepted Answer

A)  attentive 
B)  assertive 
C)  thrill seeking 
D)  neurotic 
A)  attentive 
B)  assertive 
C)  thrill seeking 
D)  neurotic

Question 12

As a child,Jonah was awkward and did not have many friends.Consequently,he experienced low self-esteem.Now that he is older,he has developed many solid friendships and feels comfortable around and valued by others.As an adult,his self-esteem has improved dramatically.Which theory would predict this change in self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  terror management theory 
B)  self-monitoring theory 
C)  social schema theory 
D)  sociometer theory 
A)  terror management theory 
B)  self-monitoring theory 
C)  social schema theory 
D)  sociometer theory

Question 13

The self-schema is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the part of the sense of self that varies from situation to situation. 
B)  the cognitive structure that guides attention,perception,and interpretation of self-relevant information. 
C)  the evaluative aspect of self-esteem. 
D)  the internal monitor of social acceptance versus rejection. 
A)  the part of the sense of self that varies from situation to situation. 
B)  the cognitive structure that guides attention,perception,and interpretation of self-relevant information. 
C)  the evaluative aspect of self-esteem. 
D)  the internal monitor of social acceptance versus rejection.

Question 14

According to your textbook,what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  expressing emotions 
B)  processing information about the self 
C)  forming opinions about specific topics 
D)  evaluating other people's personalities 
A)  expressing emotions 
B)  processing information about the self 
C)  forming opinions about specific topics 
D)  evaluating other people's personalities

Question 15

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control,by which he means:

Accepted Answer

A)  the degree to which they understand their circumstances. 
B)  their relative responsiveness to reinforcement versus punishment. 
C)  the extent to which they believe their fate is determined by their own actions. 
D)  the extent to which they value their personal expectancies. 
A)  the degree to which they understand their circumstances. 
B)  their relative responsiveness to reinforcement versus punishment. 
C)  the extent to which they believe their fate is determined by their own actions. 
D)  the extent to which they value their personal expectancies.

Question 16

During the phallic stage,children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent because they desire an exclusive relationship with the opposite-sex parent.Freud argued that this conflict is typically resolved by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  child's adopting many of the same-sex parent's values and ideals. 
B)  parents' confronting the child's inappropriate behavior. 
C)  id,which attempts to rein in the sexual urges. 
D)  time the child is 3 years old. 
A)  child's adopting many of the same-sex parent's values and ideals. 
B)  parents' confronting the child's inappropriate behavior. 
C)  id,which attempts to rein in the sexual urges. 
D)  time the child is 3 years old.

Question 17

In Freud's model,mental activity:

Accepted Answer

A)  is divided into three zones or levels. 
B)  is less important than physical activity. 
C)  is entirely unconscious. 
D)  originates in the libido. 
A)  is divided into three zones or levels. 
B)  is less important than physical activity. 
C)  is entirely unconscious. 
D)  originates in the libido.

Question 18

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  social conformity theory 
B)  self-discrepancy theory 
C)  sociometer theory 
D)  self-appraisal theory 
A)  social conformity theory 
B)  self-discrepancy theory 
C)  sociometer theory 
D)  self-appraisal theory

Question 19

Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  different early environments. 
B)  different parenting styles. 
C)  underlying differences in biological processes. 
D)  gender differences. 
A)  different early environments. 
B)  different parenting styles. 
C)  underlying differences in biological processes. 
D)  gender differences.

Question 20

Seeking to maximize personal growth through greater self-understanding is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a person-centered approach. 
B)  self-actualization. 
C)  a cognitive-social approach. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  a person-centered approach. 
B)  self-actualization. 
C)  a cognitive-social approach. 
D)  none of the above.

One response to Walter Mischel's situationism critique of trait theory is to argue that:

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

If a trait is a single concept,then personality is:

A view that personality is a coherent whole that is based on psychophysical systems yet is adaptive to the environment is most consistent with that of:

Across cultures,people become neurotic, extraverted,and conscientious as they age.

Freud thought that during the latency stage of psychosexual development:

Kara,a 2-year-old,is a participant in a research study on infant temperament.Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

If the id is a dominant force in one's personality,he is likely to:

How are the id,superego,and ego related,according to Freud?

According to research,which of the following traits is found by personality research on sex differences to be higher in men than women?

The self-schema is best described as:

According to your textbook,what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control,by which he means:

During the phallic stage,children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent because they desire an exclusive relationship with the opposite-sex parent.Freud argued that this conflict is typically resolved by the:

In Freud's model,mental activity:

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:

Seeking to maximize personal growth through greater self-understanding is referred to as:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

One response to Walter Mischel's situationism critique of trait theory is to argue that:

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

If a trait is a single concept,then personality is:

A view that personality is a coherent whole that is based on psychophysical systems yet is adaptive to the environment is most consistent with that of:

Across cultures,people become ________ neurotic,________ extraverted,and ________ conscientious as they age.

Freud thought that during the latency stage of psychosexual development:

Kara,a 2-year-old,is a participant in a research study on infant temperament.Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

If the id is a dominant force in one's personality,he is likely to:

How are the id,superego,and ego related,according to Freud?

According to research,which of the following traits is found by personality research on sex differences to be higher in men than women?

The self-schema is best described as:

According to your textbook,what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control,by which he means:

During the phallic stage,children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent because they desire an exclusive relationship with the opposite-sex parent.Freud argued that this conflict is typically resolved by the:

In Freud's model,mental activity:

Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her.They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them.Shariah used to have high self-esteem,but now she is experiencing low self-esteem.What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?

Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:

Seeking to maximize personal growth through greater self-understanding is referred to as:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Across cultures,people become neurotic, extraverted,and conscientious as they age.