Question 1

According to your textbook,what is the current understanding of the purpose of mirror neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mirror neurons allow us to imitate actions,and therefore accelerate observational learning. 
B)  Mirror neurons allow us to explain and predict the behavior of others. 
C)  Mirror neurons allow us to feel the pain of others,and thus learn to avoid painful situations. 
D)  Mirror neurons allow us to identify the emotions of others in social interactions. 
A)  Mirror neurons allow us to imitate actions,and therefore accelerate observational learning. 
B)  Mirror neurons allow us to explain and predict the behavior of others. 
C)  Mirror neurons allow us to feel the pain of others,and thus learn to avoid painful situations. 
D)  Mirror neurons allow us to identify the emotions of others in social interactions. B

Question 2

The ________ model emphasizes that the surprising or unexpected nature of the predictor stimulus is what is responsible for the strength of the US-CS connection.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical-conditioning 
B)  operant-conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  Rescorla-Wagner 
A)  classical-conditioning 
B)  operant-conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  Rescorla-Wagner D

Question 3

What is believed to have happened to Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert spent the rest of his life fearful of all white objects. 
B)  Albert was later diagnosed with clinical depression. 
C)  Albert died of meningitis at age 6. 
D)  Albert eventually committed suicide as a teenager. 
A)  Albert spent the rest of his life fearful of all white objects. 
B)  Albert was later diagnosed with clinical depression. 
C)  Albert died of meningitis at age 6. 
D)  Albert eventually committed suicide as a teenager. C

Question 4

Money is NOT a primary reinforcer because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is important only to adults. 
B)  its value depends on how wealthy one is. 
C)  it does not satisfy a biological need. 
D)  using it as a reinforcer only teaches one to want more. 
A)  it is important only to adults. 
B)  its value depends on how wealthy one is. 
C)  it does not satisfy a biological need. 
D)  using it as a reinforcer only teaches one to want more.

Question 5

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
B)  produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior. 
C)  involve the administration of a stimulus. 
D)  involve the removal of a stimulus. 
A)  produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
B)  produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior. 
C)  involve the administration of a stimulus. 
D)  involve the removal of a stimulus.

Question 6

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  something that naturally elicits a response 
B)  something that elicits a response only after learning 
C)  a previously extinct stimulus 
D)  a second-order pairing of learned relations 
A)  something that naturally elicits a response 
B)  something that elicits a response only after learning 
C)  a previously extinct stimulus 
D)  a second-order pairing of learned relations

Question 7

What is the proper order of events that need to take place in order for classical conditioning to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response presentation à conditioned stimulus presentation,which elicits the unconditioned stimulus à after many trials,the unconditioned response elicits the conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response presentation à unconditioned response presentation,which elicits the conditioned response à after many trials,the conditioned response elicits the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus presentation à conditioned stimulus presentation,which elicits the conditioned response à after many trials,the unconditioned stimulus elicits the unconditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus presentation à unconditioned stimulus presentation,which elicits the unconditioned response à after many trials,the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response 
A)  unconditioned response presentation à conditioned stimulus presentation,which elicits the unconditioned stimulus à after many trials,the unconditioned response elicits the conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response presentation à unconditioned response presentation,which elicits the conditioned response à after many trials,the conditioned response elicits the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus presentation à conditioned stimulus presentation,which elicits the conditioned response à after many trials,the unconditioned stimulus elicits the unconditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus presentation à unconditioned stimulus presentation,which elicits the unconditioned response à after many trials,the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response

Question 8

A relatively permanent change in behavior that is NOT due to maturation but is due to experience is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  operant shaping. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  learning. 
D)  behaviorism. 
A)  operant shaping. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  learning. 
D)  behaviorism.

Question 9

What type of reward schedule extinguishes the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A)  partial reinforcement 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  fixed interval 
A)  partial reinforcement 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  fixed interval

Question 10

If having your license suspended for driving too fast makes you less likely to speed when you get it back,the suspension is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 11

Sunil wishes to classically condition his dog to fear skunks so he does not get sprayed again.This task should be much easier than teaching him to fear a houseplant because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dog is biologically prepared to fear certain types of objects. 
B)  the dog has high intelligence. 
C)  the dog is biologically conditioned to fear skunks. 
D)  the dog's mind cannot physically be trained to fear plants. 
A)  the dog is biologically prepared to fear certain types of objects. 
B)  the dog has high intelligence. 
C)  the dog is biologically conditioned to fear skunks. 
D)  the dog's mind cannot physically be trained to fear plants.

Question 12

Which statement best describes the role of dopamine in learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine activity signals the arrival of the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  Dopamine activity signals the arrival of the conditioned stimulus and the associated unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  Dopamine activity signals positive and negative prediction errors. 
D)  Dopamine activity signals positive but not negative prediction errors. 
A)  Dopamine activity signals the arrival of the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  Dopamine activity signals the arrival of the conditioned stimulus and the associated unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  Dopamine activity signals positive and negative prediction errors. 
D)  Dopamine activity signals positive but not negative prediction errors.

Question 13

According to Watson,children are born as a blank slate,or tabula rasa.Which of the following characteristics should a child then possess from birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential for cognition,but not the experiences necessary to use cognitive thought 
B)  basic reflexes through which he or she can have sensory experiences 
C)  associations between action and effect 
D)  the ability to free associate through nonverbal response 
A)  the potential for cognition,but not the experiences necessary to use cognitive thought 
B)  basic reflexes through which he or she can have sensory experiences 
C)  associations between action and effect 
D)  the ability to free associate through nonverbal response

Question 14

The neural structure responsible for releasing dopamine in response to reinforcement is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens. 
B)  insula. 
C)  raphe system. 
D)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
A)  nucleus accumbens. 
B)  insula. 
C)  raphe system. 
D)  orbitofrontal cortex.

Question 15

What is a Skinner box?

Accepted Answer

A)  a diagram of reward contingencies 
B)  a special crib-like device Skinner used for raising his children 
C)  a special kind of rat maze 
D)  a chamber used for testing animal learning 
A)  a diagram of reward contingencies 
B)  a special crib-like device Skinner used for raising his children 
C)  a special kind of rat maze 
D)  a chamber used for testing animal learning

Question 16

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  taste aversion 
C)  biological preparedness 
D)  punishment 
A)  shaping 
B)  taste aversion 
C)  biological preparedness 
D)  punishment

Question 17

Pavlov was interested in how long salivation would occur once food no longer followed the metronome.What is the name of this behavioral process he studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivary reflexes 
B)  generalization 
C)  discrimination 
D)  extinction 
A)  salivary reflexes 
B)  generalization 
C)  discrimination 
D)  extinction

Question 18

If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock,what would be the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  flashing light 
B)  electric shock 
C)  fear 
D)  extinction 
A)  flashing light 
B)  electric shock 
C)  fear 
D)  extinction

Question 19

What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  deviation 
D)  acquisition 
A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  deviation 
D)  acquisition

Question 20

When one learns the consequences of an action by watching another person perform the action,this type of learning is called ________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious 
B)  indifferent 
C)  occupational 
D)  amplitude 
A)  vicarious 
B)  indifferent 
C)  occupational 
D)  amplitude

According to your textbook,what is the current understanding of the purpose of mirror neurons?

The ________ model emphasizes that the surprising or unexpected nature of the predictor stimulus is what is responsible for the strength of the US-CS connection.

What is believed to have happened to Little Albert?

Money is NOT a primary reinforcer because:

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:

What is a conditioned stimulus?

What is the proper order of events that need to take place in order for classical conditioning to occur?

A relatively permanent change in behavior that is NOT due to maturation but is due to experience is called:

What type of reward schedule extinguishes the fastest?

If having your license suspended for driving too fast makes you less likely to speed when you get it back,the suspension is an example of:

Sunil wishes to classically condition his dog to fear skunks so he does not get sprayed again.This task should be much easier than teaching him to fear a houseplant because:

Which statement best describes the role of dopamine in learning?

According to Watson,children are born as a blank slate,or tabula rasa.Which of the following characteristics should a child then possess from birth?

The neural structure responsible for releasing dopamine in response to reinforcement is the:

What is a Skinner box?

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Pavlov was interested in how long salivation would occur once food no longer followed the metronome.What is the name of this behavioral process he studied?

If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock,what would be the conditioned stimulus?

What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

When one learns the consequences of an action by watching another person perform the action,this type of learning is called ________ learning.

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Exam 6: Learning

According to your textbook,what is the current understanding of the purpose of mirror neurons?

The ________ model emphasizes that the surprising or unexpected nature of the predictor stimulus is what is responsible for the strength of the US-CS connection.

What is believed to have happened to Little Albert?

Money is NOT a primary reinforcer because:

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:

What is a conditioned stimulus?

What is the proper order of events that need to take place in order for classical conditioning to occur?

A relatively permanent change in behavior that is NOT due to maturation but is due to experience is called:

What type of reward schedule extinguishes the fastest?

If having your license suspended for driving too fast makes you less likely to speed when you get it back,the suspension is an example of:

Sunil wishes to classically condition his dog to fear skunks so he does not get sprayed again.This task should be much easier than teaching him to fear a houseplant because:

Which statement best describes the role of dopamine in learning?

According to Watson,children are born as a blank slate,or tabula rasa.Which of the following characteristics should a child then possess from birth?

The neural structure responsible for releasing dopamine in response to reinforcement is the:

What is a Skinner box?

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Pavlov was interested in how long salivation would occur once food no longer followed the metronome.What is the name of this behavioral process he studied?

If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock,what would be the conditioned stimulus?

What is the term used by behaviorists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

When one learns the consequences of an action by watching another person perform the action,this type of learning is called ________ learning.

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters