Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a downward comparison?

Accepted Answer

A)  comparing your current self to your past self 
B)  comparing yourself to your boss 
C)  comparing yourself to the president of the United States 
D)  comparing your mother to your father 
A)  comparing your current self to your past self 
B)  comparing yourself to your boss 
C)  comparing yourself to the president of the United States 
D)  comparing your mother to your father

Question 2

Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages,which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  "How come none of the girls at school like me?" 
B)  "You are soooo beautiful!" 
C)  "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!" 
D)  "You are mean.I don't like you!" 
A)  "How come none of the girls at school like me?" 
B)  "You are soooo beautiful!" 
C)  "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!" 
D)  "You are mean.I don't like you!"

Question 3

If working through unconscious conflicts is central to healthy personality in Freud's psychodynamic theory,then ________ is central to healthy personality in Roger's person-centered theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizing one's value expectancies 
B)  accepting oneself unconditionally 
C)  developing a healthy level of extraversion 
D)  reducing one's level of psychoticism 
A)  recognizing one's value expectancies 
B)  accepting oneself unconditionally 
C)  developing a healthy level of extraversion 
D)  reducing one's level of psychoticism

Question 4

________ in Eysenck's hierarchical model measures a trait that is called ________ in the five-factor theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conscientiousness; openness 
B)  Psychoticism; agreeableness 
C)  Openness to experience; extraversion 
D)  Emotional stability; neuroticism 
A)  Conscientiousness; openness 
B)  Psychoticism; agreeableness 
C)  Openness to experience; extraversion 
D)  Emotional stability; neuroticism

Question 5

Which of the following have Buss and Plomin identified as basic traits or temperaments in infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  novelty seeking,shyness,and activation 
B)  inhibition,extraversion,and sociability 
C)  activity level,emotionality,and sociability 
D)  shyness,sensation seeking,and agreeableness 
A)  novelty seeking,shyness,and activation 
B)  inhibition,extraversion,and sociability 
C)  activity level,emotionality,and sociability 
D)  shyness,sensation seeking,and agreeableness

Question 6

According to Kagan and Snidman,when do we see the first evidence of a shy temperament in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 weeks 
B)  10 months 
C)  2 years 
D)  5 years 
A)  6 weeks 
B)  10 months 
C)  2 years 
D)  5 years

Question 7

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual,whereas the latter looks at how people vary on common characteristics. 
B)  The first uses objective tests,whereas the latter employs projective tests. 
C)  The first uses case reports,whereas the latter employs psychobiography. 
D)  They first relies on quantitative techniques,whereas the latter relies on qualitative techniques. 
A)  The first focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual,whereas the latter looks at how people vary on common characteristics. 
B)  The first uses objective tests,whereas the latter employs projective tests. 
C)  The first uses case reports,whereas the latter employs psychobiography. 
D)  They first relies on quantitative techniques,whereas the latter relies on qualitative techniques.

Question 8

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the ________ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rorschach inkblot test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test 
C)  draw-a-family test 
D)  imaginary friend test 
A)  Rorschach inkblot test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test 
C)  draw-a-family test 
D)  imaginary friend test

Question 9

Miko is from Japan and is doing an exercise in a self-help book.One activity asks her to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans,Miko is likely to list ________ things she is proud of and ________ things she is ashamed of.

Accepted Answer

A)  about the same number of; about the same number of 
B)  more; fewer 
C)  fewer; more 
D)  more; more 
A)  about the same number of; about the same number of 
B)  more; fewer 
C)  fewer; more 
D)  more; more

Question 10

The cognitive aspect of the self-concept is known as (the):

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness. 
B)  self-schema. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  self-regulator. 
A)  self-awareness. 
B)  self-schema. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  self-regulator.

Question 11

Which of the following personality traits exist in most species?

Accepted Answer

A)  extraversion 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  all of the above 
A)  extraversion 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

Fowsia and Ahmed live in Somalia,and Anna and Frank live in the United States.Based on what you have learned about personality,you can safely assume that ________ will show more gender-based differences in personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither couple 
B)  Fowsia and Ahmed 
C)  Anna and Frank 
D)  This question cannot be answered,because no research in personality has been conducted in Africa. 
A)  neither couple 
B)  Fowsia and Ahmed 
C)  Anna and Frank 
D)  This question cannot be answered,because no research in personality has been conducted in Africa.

Question 13

When individuals from a number of different cultures were assessed on the trait of conscientiousness,it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the trait showed stability in some cultures and little in others. 
B)  the cultures had quite different definitions of what this trait meant. 
C)  in some of the cultures studied,there was no evidence of this trait. 
D)  in all cultures,the degree of conscientiousness generally increased with age. 
A)  the trait showed stability in some cultures and little in others. 
B)  the cultures had quite different definitions of what this trait meant. 
C)  in some of the cultures studied,there was no evidence of this trait. 
D)  in all cultures,the degree of conscientiousness generally increased with age.

Question 14

Factor analysis is useful to psychologists because it allows them to:

Accepted Answer

A)  separate real traits from imaginary traits. 
B)  group traits together based on their similarities. 
C)  identify the causal factor behind each trait. 
D)  predict behavior on the basis of traits. 
A)  separate real traits from imaginary traits. 
B)  group traits together based on their similarities. 
C)  identify the causal factor behind each trait. 
D)  predict behavior on the basis of traits.

Question 15

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is ________ support for the five-factor theory and that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  little; researchers are trying to come up with new ways to measure personality 
B)  much; some cultural differences also emerge 
C)  little; there is much greater support for a three-factor theory 
D)  much; the traits are even more predictive of behavior elsewhere in the world 
A)  little; researchers are trying to come up with new ways to measure personality 
B)  much; some cultural differences also emerge 
C)  little; there is much greater support for a three-factor theory 
D)  much; the traits are even more predictive of behavior elsewhere in the world

Question 16

JoAnn describes herself as a modest and rational person.She does not usually spend time daydreaming or seeking out new experiences.Instead,she enjoys completing familiar tasks and having a structured daily routine.If JoAnn is measured on the five factors of the five-factor theory,she will probably score very low in:

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy. 
B)  introversion. 
C)  conscientiousness. 
D)  openness. 
A)  empathy. 
B)  introversion. 
C)  conscientiousness. 
D)  openness.

Question 17

An important criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed. 
B)  it works well for women but not for men. 
C)  it cannot be administered to children. 
D)  it reveals unconscious,but not conscious,motives and conflicts. 
A)  it identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed. 
B)  it works well for women but not for men. 
C)  it cannot be administered to children. 
D)  it reveals unconscious,but not conscious,motives and conflicts.

Question 18

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are you kind? 
B)  Is your best friend kind? 
C)  Is your mother kind? 
D)  Are most of the people you know kind? 
A)  Are you kind? 
B)  Is your best friend kind? 
C)  Is your mother kind? 
D)  Are most of the people you know kind?

Question 19

A science teacher takes her class to a wildlife refuge so the students can observe monkeys in their natural habitats.The teacher states that monkeys,like humans,have different personalities.The students think it is ridiculous to say that animals have "personalities." Who is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The students are right; humans have personalities and animals do not. 
B)  The students are mostly right; people may perceive that animals have personalities,but it's because they are "projecting" these characteristics onto animals. 
C)  The teacher is right; however,monkeys show their personality differences only with regard to basic survival behaviors. 
D)  The teacher is right; monkeys show differences in basic human personality dimensions,such as extraversion and agreeableness. 
A)  The students are right; humans have personalities and animals do not. 
B)  The students are mostly right; people may perceive that animals have personalities,but it's because they are "projecting" these characteristics onto animals. 
C)  The teacher is right; however,monkeys show their personality differences only with regard to basic survival behaviors. 
D)  The teacher is right; monkeys show differences in basic human personality dimensions,such as extraversion and agreeableness.

Question 20

The BAS ________ behavior,whereas the BIS ________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  activates; inhibits 
B)  suppresses; facilitates 
C)  controls; modulates the intensity of 
D)  selects the appropriate; activates the selected 
A)  activates; inhibits 
B)  suppresses; facilitates 
C)  controls; modulates the intensity of 
D)  selects the appropriate; activates the selected

Which of the following is an example of a downward comparison?

Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages,which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

If working through unconscious conflicts is central to healthy personality in Freud's psychodynamic theory,then ________ is central to healthy personality in Roger's person-centered theory.

in Eysenck's hierarchical model measures a trait that is called in the five-factor theory.

Which of the following have Buss and Plomin identified as basic traits or temperaments in infants?

According to Kagan and Snidman,when do we see the first evidence of a shy temperament in children?

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the ________ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Miko is from Japan and is doing an exercise in a self-help book.One activity asks her to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans,Miko is likely to list things she is proud of and things she is ashamed of.

The cognitive aspect of the self-concept is known as (the):

Which of the following personality traits exist in most species?

Fowsia and Ahmed live in Somalia,and Anna and Frank live in the United States.Based on what you have learned about personality,you can safely assume that ________ will show more gender-based differences in personality.

When individuals from a number of different cultures were assessed on the trait of conscientiousness,it was found that:

Factor analysis is useful to psychologists because it allows them to:

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is support for the five-factor theory and that .

An important criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test is that:

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

A science teacher takes her class to a wildlife refuge so the students can observe monkeys in their natural habitats.The teacher states that monkeys,like humans,have different personalities.The students think it is ridiculous to say that animals have "personalities." Who is correct?

The BAS behavior,whereas the BIS behavior.

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

Which of the following is an example of a downward comparison?

Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages,which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

If working through unconscious conflicts is central to healthy personality in Freud's psychodynamic theory,then ________ is central to healthy personality in Roger's person-centered theory.

________ in Eysenck's hierarchical model measures a trait that is called ________ in the five-factor theory.

Which of the following have Buss and Plomin identified as basic traits or temperaments in infants?

According to Kagan and Snidman,when do we see the first evidence of a shy temperament in children?

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the ________ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Miko is from Japan and is doing an exercise in a self-help book.One activity asks her to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans,Miko is likely to list ________ things she is proud of and ________ things she is ashamed of.

The cognitive aspect of the self-concept is known as (the):

Which of the following personality traits exist in most species?

Fowsia and Ahmed live in Somalia,and Anna and Frank live in the United States.Based on what you have learned about personality,you can safely assume that ________ will show more gender-based differences in personality.

When individuals from a number of different cultures were assessed on the trait of conscientiousness,it was found that:

Factor analysis is useful to psychologists because it allows them to:

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is ________ support for the five-factor theory and that ________.

An important criticism of the Rorschach inkblot test is that:

In which of the following questions will the word kind be processed most efficiently and automatically?

A science teacher takes her class to a wildlife refuge so the students can observe monkeys in their natural habitats.The teacher states that monkeys,like humans,have different personalities.The students think it is ridiculous to say that animals have "personalities." Who is correct?

The BAS ________ behavior,whereas the BIS ________ behavior.

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

in Eysenck's hierarchical model measures a trait that is called in the five-factor theory.

Miko is from Japan and is doing an exercise in a self-help book.One activity asks her to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans,Miko is likely to list things she is proud of and things she is ashamed of.

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is support for the five-factor theory and that .

The BAS behavior,whereas the BIS behavior.