Question 1

Gottfried Leibniz
-Which of the following is not characteristic of monads?

Accepted Answer

A) Each monad has its own focal point from which it views the world. 
B) Monads have no parts and are non-spatial and non-corporeal. 
C) Monads change by inner appetition only. 
D) Monads can only be created by other monads. 
A) Each monad has its own focal point from which it views the world. 
B) Monads have no parts and are non-spatial and non-corporeal. 
C) Monads change by inner appetition only. 
D) Monads can only be created by other monads.

Question 2

Friedrich Nietzsche
-In his critique on Christianity,Nietzsche states that good and bad are

Accepted Answer

A) determined by ascertaining what will achieve the greatest good for the greatest number. 
B) based on absolute duty and gain their authority from that standard. 
C) based on whatever gives power or weakens power. 
D) is defined by the ruler. 
A) determined by ascertaining what will achieve the greatest good for the greatest number. 
B) based on absolute duty and gain their authority from that standard. 
C) based on whatever gives power or weakens power. 
D) is defined by the ruler.

Question 3

Immanuel Kant
-Having shown that metaphysics is unproved and speculative at best,Kant goes on to argue that

Accepted Answer

A) we ought not waste time with that of which we know nothing. 
B) we ought to study metaphysics as a science because it asks good questions. 
C) rather than studying speculative metaphysics to learn about sense perceptions,we ought to study sense perceptions in order to learn about metaphysics. 
D) we should use common sense in regards to metaphysics. 
A) we ought not waste time with that of which we know nothing. 
B) we ought to study metaphysics as a science because it asks good questions. 
C) rather than studying speculative metaphysics to learn about sense perceptions,we ought to study sense perceptions in order to learn about metaphysics. 
D) we should use common sense in regards to metaphysics.

Question 4

Immanuel Kant
-According to Kant,the will is

Accepted Answer

A) the last inclination left after deliberation over a certain issue is done. 
B) that which a person desires to do and acts out. 
C) that which chooses what reason has determined is good. 
D) the action taken in accordance with one's inclinations. 
A) the last inclination left after deliberation over a certain issue is done. 
B) that which a person desires to do and acts out. 
C) that which chooses what reason has determined is good. 
D) the action taken in accordance with one's inclinations.

Question 5

Baruch Spinoza
-Spinoza sees the will as

Accepted Answer

A) non-existent. 
B) a necessary cause. 
C) free. 
D) at odds with human intellect. 
A) non-existent. 
B) a necessary cause. 
C) free. 
D) at odds with human intellect.

Question 6

Baruch Spinoza
-If two substances have the same attribute,then

Accepted Answer

A) they are actually one and the same substance. 
B) there must be a causal connection between them. 
C) they are co-substances. 
D) they may still have different modes of expression. 
A) they are actually one and the same substance. 
B) there must be a causal connection between them. 
C) they are co-substances. 
D) they may still have different modes of expression.

Question 7

Thomas Hobbes
-Hobbes believes that all knowledge arises from

Accepted Answer

A) the teachings of a powerful authority. 
B) innate,logical reasoning. 
C) the impressions made on the senses by matter in motion. 
D) the power to organize and clarify one's thoughts. 
A) the teachings of a powerful authority. 
B) innate,logical reasoning. 
C) the impressions made on the senses by matter in motion. 
D) the power to organize and clarify one's thoughts.

Question 8

John Stuart Mill
-According to Mill,the way in which an action is determined to be moral is to

Accepted Answer

A) ask if one could also will that action to become universal law. 
B) follow one's instinct. 
C) see if it provides the most pleasure for the greatest number of people. 
D) follow the established laws of the community. 
A) ask if one could also will that action to become universal law. 
B) follow one's instinct. 
C) see if it provides the most pleasure for the greatest number of people. 
D) follow the established laws of the community.

Question 9

John Locke
-The difference between primary and secondary qualities is that primary qualities

Accepted Answer

A) exist in the objects themselves while secondary qualities exist only in our perception. 
B) are separable from the objects while secondary qualities make up an objects essence. 
C) are deceptive,but can be known by careful,logical reasoning,while secondary qualities cannot be known at all. 
D) are inherent in all objects,and secondary are only in some. 
A) exist in the objects themselves while secondary qualities exist only in our perception. 
B) are separable from the objects while secondary qualities make up an objects essence. 
C) are deceptive,but can be known by careful,logical reasoning,while secondary qualities cannot be known at all. 
D) are inherent in all objects,and secondary are only in some.

Question 10

Friedrich Nietzsche
-Nietzsche claims that while many barbarian nations have had art of some sort,the Greeks were unique in that

Accepted Answer

A) only they represented passion in their art. 
B) they were the only people who fully reconciled their Apollonian and Dionysian impulses. 
C) they were the only people who praised rationalism as well as passion. 
D) they made art into a sort of god. 
A) only they represented passion in their art. 
B) they were the only people who fully reconciled their Apollonian and Dionysian impulses. 
C) they were the only people who praised rationalism as well as passion. 
D) they made art into a sort of god.

Question 11

Aristotle 
-Of the three kinds of things found in the soul (emotions,capacities,and characteristics),Aristotle says that virtue has to do with

Accepted Answer

A) characteristics,because virtue cannot be merely an emotion or a capacity for an emotion. 
B) capacity,because virtue cannot be emotionally based and since it has to do with choice it cannot be merely a characteristic of a person. 
C) capacity,because virtue deals with the capacity to do either good or evil. 
D) emotion,because it is the only one of the three that is part of the soul. 
A) characteristics,because virtue cannot be merely an emotion or a capacity for an emotion. 
B) capacity,because virtue cannot be emotionally based and since it has to do with choice it cannot be merely a characteristic of a person. 
C) capacity,because virtue deals with the capacity to do either good or evil. 
D) emotion,because it is the only one of the three that is part of the soul.

Question 12

René Descartes
-According to Descartes,mistakes with regard to human knowledge result from

Accepted Answer

A) limited,mistaken,or non-existent empirical study and evidence. 
B) explanation by means of notions,terms,and concepts that do not apply to those things being explained. 
C) failure to expand the scope of the means of explanation. 
D) lack of conceptual ability and attention to detail. 
A) limited,mistaken,or non-existent empirical study and evidence. 
B) explanation by means of notions,terms,and concepts that do not apply to those things being explained. 
C) failure to expand the scope of the means of explanation. 
D) lack of conceptual ability and attention to detail.

Question 13

THOMAS AQUINAS 
-According to Thomas,the intellect and the body are united in that

Accepted Answer

A) the complexity of the body causes the intellect. 
B) the intellect and the body are just two descriptions of the same thing. 
C) the intellectual soul is the form of the body. 
D) the intellect is the mover of the body. 
A) the complexity of the body causes the intellect. 
B) the intellect and the body are just two descriptions of the same thing. 
C) the intellectual soul is the form of the body. 
D) the intellect is the mover of the body.

Question 14

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-According to Rousseau,why do most world rulers look after their people?

Accepted Answer

A) because rulers have been appointed by the people to keep the peace 
B) because rulers wish to exploit their subjects 
C) because rulers care for their people as a father cares for his children 
D) because rulers have an obligation to the people to rule them 
A) because rulers have been appointed by the people to keep the peace 
B) because rulers wish to exploit their subjects 
C) because rulers care for their people as a father cares for his children 
D) because rulers have an obligation to the people to rule them

Question 15

Thomas Hobbes
-According to Hobbes,what do the words "love" and "hate" signify?

Accepted Answer

A) Love comes from a response to good,and hate to evil. 
B) Love is a feeling of attraction and evil is a feeling of aversion. 
C) They are objective,abstract concepts applied to particular,subjective situations. 
D) Nothing.Everything is made of matter and so sentiments and feelings do not exist. 
A) Love comes from a response to good,and hate to evil. 
B) Love is a feeling of attraction and evil is a feeling of aversion. 
C) They are objective,abstract concepts applied to particular,subjective situations. 
D) Nothing.Everything is made of matter and so sentiments and feelings do not exist.

Question 16

Hildegard of Bingen
-Which of the following is true about the connection between the soul and the senses?

Accepted Answer

A) The soul understands by way of the senses. 
B) The soul is understood by way of the senses. 
C) A and B. 
D) None of the above. 
A) The soul understands by way of the senses. 
B) The soul is understood by way of the senses. 
C) A and B. 
D) None of the above.

Question 17

George Berkeley
-Why does Philonous think that the support for immaterialism outweighs that for materialism?

Accepted Answer

A) The proofs of existence for the existence of the immaterial are stronger than those for the existence of the material 
B) Though there exist proofs for and against the existence of immaterial entities,there exist no proofs of the existence of matter. 
C) There exist no proofs against the existence of immaterial entities. 
D) None of the above 
A) The proofs of existence for the existence of the immaterial are stronger than those for the existence of the material 
B) Though there exist proofs for and against the existence of immaterial entities,there exist no proofs of the existence of matter. 
C) There exist no proofs against the existence of immaterial entities. 
D) None of the above

Question 18

George Berkeley
-The objects which we see in the world have qualities,such as color,which are

Accepted Answer

A) present in the objects themselves. 
B) present only in our perceptions,but some qualities,such as extension,exist in the objects themselves. 
C) present only in our perception,as are all qualities. 
D) known by distinct,a priori knowledge only. 
A) present in the objects themselves. 
B) present only in our perceptions,but some qualities,such as extension,exist in the objects themselves. 
C) present only in our perception,as are all qualities. 
D) known by distinct,a priori knowledge only.

Question 19

Pyrrho and Sextus Empiricus 
-As described by Sextus Empiricus,what is the means by which the skeptic arrives at a suspension of judgment and,as a result,tranquility?

Accepted Answer

A) by conducting empirical study. 
B) by setting things-i.e.,appearances or objects of thought-in opposition. 
C) by a priori judgment. 
D) by ceasing to pursue study or critical analysis of some event,cause,or effect. 
A) by conducting empirical study. 
B) by setting things-i.e.,appearances or objects of thought-in opposition. 
C) by a priori judgment. 
D) by ceasing to pursue study or critical analysis of some event,cause,or effect.

Question 20

Immanuel Kant
-Which of the following is not a part of the principle of good will?

Accepted Answer

A) Treat people as ends,not means. 
B) Do not do anything unless you want everyone to be able to do it too. 
C) Act so that your action is universally valid for all rational beings. 
D) Act so that everyone's inclinations are respected and taken into account. 
A) Treat people as ends,not means. 
B) Do not do anything unless you want everyone to be able to do it too. 
C) Act so that your action is universally valid for all rational beings. 
D) Act so that everyone's inclinations are respected and taken into account.

Exam 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

Gottfried Leibniz -Which of the following is not characteristic of monads?

Friedrich Nietzsche -In his critique on Christianity,Nietzsche states that good and bad are

Immanuel Kant -Having shown that metaphysics is unproved and speculative at best,Kant goes on to argue that

Immanuel Kant -According to Kant,the will is

Baruch Spinoza -Spinoza sees the will as

Baruch Spinoza -If two substances have the same attribute,then

Thomas Hobbes -Hobbes believes that all knowledge arises from

John Stuart Mill -According to Mill,the way in which an action is determined to be moral is to

John Locke -The difference between primary and secondary qualities is that primary qualities

Friedrich Nietzsche -Nietzsche claims that while many barbarian nations have had art of some sort,the Greeks were unique in that

Aristotle -Of the three kinds of things found in the soul (emotions,capacities,and characteristics),Aristotle says that virtue has to do with

René Descartes -According to Descartes,mistakes with regard to human knowledge result from

THOMAS AQUINAS -According to Thomas,the intellect and the body are united in that

Jean-Jacques Rousseau -According to Rousseau,why do most world rulers look after their people?

Thomas Hobbes -According to Hobbes,what do the words "love" and "hate" signify?

Hildegard of Bingen -Which of the following is true about the connection between the soul and the senses?

George Berkeley -Why does Philonous think that the support for immaterialism outweighs that for materialism?

George Berkeley -The objects which we see in the world have qualities,such as color,which are

Pyrrho and Sextus Empiricus -As described by Sextus Empiricus,what is the means by which the skeptic arrives at a suspension of judgment and,as a result,tranquility?

Immanuel Kant -Which of the following is not a part of the principle of good will?

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