Exam 4: Perception,Attribution,and Learning

Characteristics of the perceived person,object,or event -- such as contrast,intensity,figure-ground separation,size,motion,and repetition or novelty -- are important in the perceptual process.

Contrived extrinsic rewards include all of the following EXCEPT:

According to attribution theory,the three factors that influence whether an event is attributed to an internal cause or an external cause are distinctiveness,consensus,and aptitude.

Natural extrinsic rewards include all of the following EXCEPT:

Intensity of the perceived person,object,or event can vary in terms of brightness,color,depth,sound,etc.

In the attribution theory framework,__________ takes into account how likely it is for all those facing a similar situation to respond in the same way.

A person-in-situation schema is defined as a knowledge framework that describes the appropriate sequence of events in a given situation.

The stages involved in processing the information that determines a person's perceptions and reactions include all of the following EXCEPT:

A(n)__________ assigns attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.

Briefly describe the common types of distortions that occur within the perceptual process. Suggested

__________ focuses on how people attempt to understand the causes of an event,assess responsibility for outcomes of the event,and evaluate the personal qualities of the people involved.

Alice blamed unfriendly co-workers and a difficult job assignment for her performance problems during the first quarter of the year.Then during the second quarter,Alice's performance improved dramatically.Alice claimed that the improved performance was due to her extraordinary effort and hard work.From an attribution theory perspective,it may be argued that Alice is prone to a(n)__________.

We practice a lot of impression management as a matter of routine in everyday life.

The common perceptual distortions include stereotypes or prototypes,halo effects,selective perception,projection,contrast effects,and the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Projection is especially likely to occur in the __________ stage of perception.

The __________ is the tendency to underestimate the influence of situational factors and to overestimate the influence of personal factors in evaluating someone else's behavior.

Selective screening __________.

__________ describes how learning occurs through interactions among people,behavior,and environment.

If everyone using the same equipment performs poorly,the tendency is to attribute any one person's poor performance to internal causes; but if other people using the equipment perform well while one person performs poorly,the tendency is to attribute that individual's poor performance to external causes.

__________ discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequent contingent on its occurrence.