Question 1

Lesions in the preoptic area lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  constant NREM sleep. 
B)  constant wakefulness. 
C)  constant REM sleep. 
D)  normal sleep patterns,alternating between REM and NREM. 
A)  constant NREM sleep. 
B)  constant wakefulness. 
C)  constant REM sleep. 
D)  normal sleep patterns,alternating between REM and NREM.

Question 2

Which of the following substances are released primarily at night in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine and melatonin 
B)  norepinephrine and growth hormone 
C)  melatonin and growth hormone 
D)  acetylcholine and melatonin 
A)  dopamine and melatonin 
B)  norepinephrine and growth hormone 
C)  melatonin and growth hormone 
D)  acetylcholine and melatonin

Question 3

Which is the correct order of brain waves associated with the highest to lowest levels of alertness?

Accepted Answer

A)  beta,alpha,theta,delta 
B)  alpha,beta,theta,delta 
C)  alpha,beta,delta,theta 
D)  delta,theta,alpha,beta 
A)  beta,alpha,theta,delta 
B)  alpha,beta,theta,delta 
C)  alpha,beta,delta,theta 
D)  delta,theta,alpha,beta

Question 4

PGO spikes travel which of the following pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  from the pons to the hypothalamus to the occipital cortex 
B)  from the pons to the thalamus to the occipital cortex 
C)  from the pons to the medulla to the spinal cord 
D)  from the locus coeruleus to the hypothalamus to the cerebral cortex 
A)  from the pons to the hypothalamus to the occipital cortex 
B)  from the pons to the thalamus to the occipital cortex 
C)  from the pons to the medulla to the spinal cord 
D)  from the locus coeruleus to the hypothalamus to the cerebral cortex

Question 5

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)and peripheral clocks are affected more by light than any other type of zeitgeber. 
B)  The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)is more affected by light,whereas the peripheral clocks are more affected by physical activity and feeding patterns. 
C)  The peripheral clocks are more affected by light,whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)is more affected by physical activity and feeding patterns. 
D)  Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)and peripheral clocks are affected more by physical activity and feeding patterns than by light. 
A)  Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)and peripheral clocks are affected more by light than any other type of zeitgeber. 
B)  The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)is more affected by light,whereas the peripheral clocks are more affected by physical activity and feeding patterns. 
C)  The peripheral clocks are more affected by light,whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)is more affected by physical activity and feeding patterns. 
D)  Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)and peripheral clocks are affected more by physical activity and feeding patterns than by light.

Question 6

The threat simulation hypothesis of dreaming proposes that dreaming

Accepted Answer

A)  is the brain's way to make sense out of the autonomic arousal that occurs during REM. 
B)  allows us to discard unnecessary information. 
C)  allows animals to process the day's events during sleep instead of during times when they need to feed and watch for predators. 
D)  provides us with a way to "practice" dealing with dangerous situations. 
A)  is the brain's way to make sense out of the autonomic arousal that occurs during REM. 
B)  allows us to discard unnecessary information. 
C)  allows animals to process the day's events during sleep instead of during times when they need to feed and watch for predators. 
D)  provides us with a way to "practice" dealing with dangerous situations.

Question 7

Describe the symptoms,prevalence,and treatments for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a t

Question 8

The frequency of nightmares

Accepted Answer

A)  is unrelated to a person's mental health. 
B)  is higher after puberty than before puberty. 
C)  can be increased by viewing frightening videos or experiencing natural disasters. 
D)  is higher in men than in women. 
A)  is unrelated to a person's mental health. 
B)  is higher after puberty than before puberty. 
C)  can be increased by viewing frightening videos or experiencing natural disasters. 
D)  is higher in men than in women.

Question 9

The waveforms typical of NREM sleep appear to be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  activity progressing from the pons to the lateral geniculate nucleus to the occipital cortex. 
B)  activity in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. 
C)  synchronization of cortical neurons by the thalamus. 
D)  desynchronization of cortical neurons by the thalamus. 
A)  activity progressing from the pons to the lateral geniculate nucleus to the occipital cortex. 
B)  activity in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. 
C)  synchronization of cortical neurons by the thalamus. 
D)  desynchronization of cortical neurons by the thalamus.

Question 10

The frontal lobes are more active during REM sleep than during wakefulness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The origin of the SCN's rhythms may be

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to the mother's rhythms in utero. 
B)  input from the retinohypothalamic tract. 
C)  exposure to melatonin. 
D)  oscillations of protein production and degradation. 
A)  exposure to the mother's rhythms in utero. 
B)  input from the retinohypothalamic tract. 
C)  exposure to melatonin. 
D)  oscillations of protein production and degradation.

Question 12

At what age do humans show the highest proportion of delta wave activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  one month prior to birth. 
B)  between the ages of 3 and 6 years. 
C)  during adolescence. 
D)  after the age of 55 years. 
A)  one month prior to birth. 
B)  between the ages of 3 and 6 years. 
C)  during adolescence. 
D)  after the age of 55 years.

Question 13

The transition from drowsy wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep can usually be determined by the presence of more _________ wave activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  beta 
B)  delta 
C)  alpha 
D)  theta 
A)  beta 
B)  delta 
C)  alpha 
D)  theta

Question 14

Michael was prescribed a traditional antihistamine in order to treat his allergies after he had a bad reaction to more modern antihistamines.The traditional antihistamine was helpful in reducing his allergy symptoms,but he

Accepted Answer

A)  suffered from serious insomnia. 
B)  had trouble staying awake in his classes. 
C)  became very depressed,and woke frequently throughout the night after restless dreams. 
D)  did not experience normal REM paralysis,and he hurt himself walking around his apartment in his sleep. 
A)  suffered from serious insomnia. 
B)  had trouble staying awake in his classes. 
C)  became very depressed,and woke frequently throughout the night after restless dreams. 
D)  did not experience normal REM paralysis,and he hurt himself walking around his apartment in his sleep.

Question 15

Lucid dreaming

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when you can consciously control your dream. 
B)  occurs when you cannot control a nightmare. 
C)  occurs only during NREM sleep. 
D)  is characteristic of people with clinical depression. 
A)  occurs when you can consciously control your dream. 
B)  occurs when you cannot control a nightmare. 
C)  occurs only during NREM sleep. 
D)  is characteristic of people with clinical depression.

Question 16

Narcolepsy may be associated with abnormally low levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  orexins. 
A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  orexins.

Question 17

Most antidepressant medications

Accepted Answer

A)  increase NREM sleep. 
B)  decrease NREM sleep. 
C)  increase REM sleep. 
D)  decrease REM sleep. 
A)  increase NREM sleep. 
B)  decrease NREM sleep. 
C)  increase REM sleep. 
D)  decrease REM sleep.

Question 18

Melatonin is released during the

Accepted Answer

A)  day in diurnal species and during the night in nocturnal species. 
B)  day in nocturnal species and during the night in diurnal species. 
C)  day in both diurnal and noctural species. 
D)  night in both diurnal and noctural species. 
A)  day in diurnal species and during the night in nocturnal species. 
B)  day in nocturnal species and during the night in diurnal species. 
C)  day in both diurnal and noctural species. 
D)  night in both diurnal and noctural species.

Question 19

Two pathways essential to wakefulness originate in the

Accepted Answer

A)  reticular formation of the medulla. 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. 
C)  preoptic area of the hypothalamus. 
D)  reticular formation of the rostral pons. 
A)  reticular formation of the medulla. 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. 
C)  preoptic area of the hypothalamus. 
D)  reticular formation of the rostral pons.

Question 20

Caffeine produces alertness by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the release of adenosine. 
B)  blocking receptors for adenosine. 
C)  stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)receptors. 
D)  blocking receptors for serotonin. 
A)  increasing the release of adenosine. 
B)  blocking receptors for adenosine. 
C)  stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)receptors. 
D)  blocking receptors for serotonin.

Lesions in the preoptic area lead to

Which of the following substances are released primarily at night in humans?

Which is the correct order of brain waves associated with the highest to lowest levels of alertness?

PGO spikes travel which of the following pathways?

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?

The threat simulation hypothesis of dreaming proposes that dreaming

Describe the symptoms,prevalence,and treatments for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

The frequency of nightmares

The waveforms typical of NREM sleep appear to be the result of

The frontal lobes are more active during REM sleep than during wakefulness.

The origin of the SCN's rhythms may be

At what age do humans show the highest proportion of delta wave activity?

The transition from drowsy wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep can usually be determined by the presence of more _________ wave activity.

Michael was prescribed a traditional antihistamine in order to treat his allergies after he had a bad reaction to more modern antihistamines.The traditional antihistamine was helpful in reducing his allergy symptoms,but he

Lucid dreaming

Narcolepsy may be associated with abnormally low levels of

Most antidepressant medications

Melatonin is released during the

Two pathways essential to wakefulness originate in the

Caffeine produces alertness by

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 11: Sleep and Waking

Lesions in the preoptic area lead to

Which of the following substances are released primarily at night in humans?

Which is the correct order of brain waves associated with the highest to lowest levels of alertness?

PGO spikes travel which of the following pathways?

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?

The threat simulation hypothesis of dreaming proposes that dreaming

Describe the symptoms,prevalence,and treatments for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

The frequency of nightmares

The waveforms typical of NREM sleep appear to be the result of

The frontal lobes are more active during REM sleep than during wakefulness.

The origin of the SCN's rhythms may be

At what age do humans show the highest proportion of delta wave activity?

The transition from drowsy wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep can usually be determined by the presence of more _________ wave activity.

Michael was prescribed a traditional antihistamine in order to treat his allergies after he had a bad reaction to more modern antihistamines.The traditional antihistamine was helpful in reducing his allergy symptoms,but he

Lucid dreaming

Narcolepsy may be associated with abnormally low levels of

Most antidepressant medications

Melatonin is released during the

Two pathways essential to wakefulness originate in the

Caffeine produces alertness by

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters