Question 1

Which of the following is an inducing factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  notochord 
B)  hox 
C)  cell adhesion molecules 
D)  bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 
A)  notochord 
B)  hox 
C)  cell adhesion molecules 
D)  bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)

Question 2

When the caudal part of the neural tube fails to close,what disorder typically results?

Accepted Answer

A)  anencephaly 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Williams syndrome 
D)  spina bifida 
A)  anencephaly 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Williams syndrome 
D)  spina bifida

Question 3

Describe the process of apoptosis.

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis,or programmed cell death,occur

Question 4

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart,identical twins were found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  very similar in all characteristics studied,regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
B)  similar in some characteristics studied,but not all,regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
C)  similar in all characteristics studied only if they were raised together. 
D)  similar in some characteristics studied,but not all,only if they were raised together. 
A)  very similar in all characteristics studied,regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
B)  similar in some characteristics studied,but not all,regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
C)  similar in all characteristics studied only if they were raised together. 
D)  similar in some characteristics studied,but not all,only if they were raised together.

Question 5

In humans,myelination is complete

Accepted Answer

A)  at 24 weeks postconception. 
B)  at birth. 
C)  at the age of 2 years. 
D)  in early adulthood. 
A)  at 24 weeks postconception. 
B)  at birth. 
C)  at the age of 2 years. 
D)  in early adulthood.

Question 6

About two-thirds of the cells traveling to the developing cortex follow radial glia,and the remaining one-third move in a horizontal direction instead,without using radial glia to guide them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When an axon is damaged,retrograde degeneration may occur

Accepted Answer

A)  in neurons that receive input from the damaged cell. 
B)  in neurons that synapse onto the damaged cell. 
C)  in the cell body attached to the damaged axon. 
D)  between the break and the axon's terminal. 
A)  in neurons that receive input from the damaged cell. 
B)  in neurons that synapse onto the damaged cell. 
C)  in the cell body attached to the damaged axon. 
D)  between the break and the axon's terminal.

Question 8

The Minnesota Study of Twins Raised Apart found support for which of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identical twins are very similar to each other on a number of traits,regardless of whether a trait is highly correlated or not. 
B)  Identical twins raised together are very similar to each other on a number of traits,but identical twins raised apart are not. 
C)  Identical twins are very similar on traits that are highly correlated,like fingerprint ridges,but not similar to each other on traits that are not highly correlated,like nonreligious social attitudes. 
D)  Identical twins are no more similar to each other on highly correlated traits than fraternal twins and non-twin siblings. 
A)  Identical twins are very similar to each other on a number of traits,regardless of whether a trait is highly correlated or not. 
B)  Identical twins raised together are very similar to each other on a number of traits,but identical twins raised apart are not. 
C)  Identical twins are very similar on traits that are highly correlated,like fingerprint ridges,but not similar to each other on traits that are not highly correlated,like nonreligious social attitudes. 
D)  Identical twins are no more similar to each other on highly correlated traits than fraternal twins and non-twin siblings.

Question 9

Females are much more likely than males to develop conditions influenced by genes that are located on the X chromosome,because they have two X chromosomes instead of one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Huntington's disease,a fatal degenerative movement disorder,results from large numbers of codon repeats in the Huntington gene located on chromosome 4.This means that the

Accepted Answer

A)  extra codon repeats will not impact the individual's phenotype. 
B)  affected Huntington gene will be silenced,producing no protein. 
C)  affected Huntington gene will produce a protein with abnormally large amounts of the amino acid encoded by the extra codons. 
D)  affected Huntington gene will produce a protein with abnormally small amounts of the amino acid encoded by the extra codons. 
A)  extra codon repeats will not impact the individual's phenotype. 
B)  affected Huntington gene will be silenced,producing no protein. 
C)  affected Huntington gene will produce a protein with abnormally large amounts of the amino acid encoded by the extra codons. 
D)  affected Huntington gene will produce a protein with abnormally small amounts of the amino acid encoded by the extra codons.

Question 11

Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the major events that occur in...

Question 12

Cystic fibrosis is a fatal lung condition that results from a recessive gene.If one parent is a healthy carrier for the condition while the other is not a carrier,what is the likely outcome for any children they might have?

Accepted Answer

A)  The children will be heterozygous for cystic fibrosis,and all will develop the disease. 
B)  Fifty percent of their children will develop the disease,and the other fifty percent will be carriers. 
C)  None of the children will have the disease,and none will be carriers. 
D)  None of the children will have the disease,but they have a fifty percent chance of becoming carriers. 
A)  The children will be heterozygous for cystic fibrosis,and all will develop the disease. 
B)  Fifty percent of their children will develop the disease,and the other fifty percent will be carriers. 
C)  None of the children will have the disease,and none will be carriers. 
D)  None of the children will have the disease,but they have a fifty percent chance of becoming carriers.

Question 13

Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative conditions associated with aging are

Accepted Answer

A)  less common in people of low intelligence than in people with average or high intelligence. 
B)  less common in people of low or average intelligence than in people with high intelligence. 
C)  more common in people of low or average intelligence than in people with high intelligence. 
D)  equally common among people with all levels of intelligence. 
A)  less common in people of low intelligence than in people with average or high intelligence. 
B)  less common in people of low or average intelligence than in people with high intelligence. 
C)  more common in people of low or average intelligence than in people with high intelligence. 
D)  equally common among people with all levels of intelligence.

Question 14

Researchers believe that the conclusion of myelin growth spurts in areas associated with language learning probably indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  the beginning of a period of enhanced language learning,as the brain is now mature enough to manage this new type of input. 
B)  that a child will be mentally retarded,as learning will be adversely impacted. 
C)  the onset of adulthood. 
D)  the end of a critical period for language learning. 
A)  the beginning of a period of enhanced language learning,as the brain is now mature enough to manage this new type of input. 
B)  that a child will be mentally retarded,as learning will be adversely impacted. 
C)  the onset of adulthood. 
D)  the end of a critical period for language learning.

Question 15

In which of the following conditions can the failure to follow a carefully prescribed diet result in mental retardation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Williams' syndrome 
B)  Alzheimer's disease 
C)  fragile X syndrome 
D)  phenylketonuria (PKU) 
A)  Williams' syndrome 
B)  Alzheimer's disease 
C)  fragile X syndrome 
D)  phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 16

Long,fingerlike extensions from the core of growth cones are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules. 
B)  filopodia. 
C)  lamellipodia. 
D)  cell adhesion molecules. 
A)  microtubules. 
B)  filopodia. 
C)  lamellipodia. 
D)  cell adhesion molecules.

Question 17

Because the heritability of height is 81 percent,and the heritability of adult Body Mass Index (BMI)is 59 percent,we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In their study of the heritability of autistic traits among Dutch teens,Rosa Hoekstra and her colleagues were careful to choose participants from a variety of backgrounds and circumstances.Why is careful sampling especially important to studies of heritability?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effects of heritability are most obvious in populations that exclude extreme environmental conditions,such as affluent or very poor families. 
B)  Environmental influences are magnified in extreme environmental conditions,such as among affluent or very poor families. 
C)  Extremes of environmental conditions,such as affluent or very poor families,tend to magnify the influence of heritability. 
D)  These precautions are really not relevant,because heritability cannot be assessed experimentally. 
A)  The effects of heritability are most obvious in populations that exclude extreme environmental conditions,such as affluent or very poor families. 
B)  Environmental influences are magnified in extreme environmental conditions,such as among affluent or very poor families. 
C)  Extremes of environmental conditions,such as affluent or very poor families,tend to magnify the influence of heritability. 
D)  These precautions are really not relevant,because heritability cannot be assessed experimentally.

Question 19

Experience strengthens existing synapses when

Accepted Answer

A)  pre- and postsynaptic neurons are simultaneously active. 
B)  activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons are not synchronized. 
C)  activity in the postsynaptic neuron precedes activity in the presynaptic neuron. 
D)  the pre- and postsynaptic neurons use the same neurotransmitter substances. 
A)  pre- and postsynaptic neurons are simultaneously active. 
B)  activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons are not synchronized. 
C)  activity in the postsynaptic neuron precedes activity in the presynaptic neuron. 
D)  the pre- and postsynaptic neurons use the same neurotransmitter substances.

Question 20

Abnormal amyloid proteins are also found in the brains of people with:

Accepted Answer

A)  fragile-X syndrome. 
B)  Down syndrome. 
C)  phenylketonuria (PKU). 
D)  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
A)  fragile-X syndrome. 
B)  Down syndrome. 
C)  phenylketonuria (PKU). 
D)  fetal alcohol syndrome.

Which of the following is an inducing factor?

When the caudal part of the neural tube fails to close,what disorder typically results?

Describe the process of apoptosis.

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart,identical twins were found to be

In humans,myelination is complete

About two-thirds of the cells traveling to the developing cortex follow radial glia,and the remaining one-third move in a horizontal direction instead,without using radial glia to guide them.

When an axon is damaged,retrograde degeneration may occur

The Minnesota Study of Twins Raised Apart found support for which of the following conclusions?

Females are much more likely than males to develop conditions influenced by genes that are located on the X chromosome,because they have two X chromosomes instead of one.

Huntington's disease,a fatal degenerative movement disorder,results from large numbers of codon repeats in the Huntington gene located on chromosome 4.This means that the

Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.

Cystic fibrosis is a fatal lung condition that results from a recessive gene.If one parent is a healthy carrier for the condition while the other is not a carrier,what is the likely outcome for any children they might have?

Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative conditions associated with aging are

Researchers believe that the conclusion of myelin growth spurts in areas associated with language learning probably indicates

In which of the following conditions can the failure to follow a carefully prescribed diet result in mental retardation?

Long,fingerlike extensions from the core of growth cones are known as

Because the heritability of height is 81 percent,and the heritability of adult Body Mass Index (BMI)is 59 percent,we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.

In their study of the heritability of autistic traits among Dutch teens,Rosa Hoekstra and her colleagues were careful to choose participants from a variety of backgrounds and circumstances.Why is careful sampling especially important to studies of heritability?

Experience strengthens existing synapses when

Abnormal amyloid proteins are also found in the brains of people with:

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Which of the following is an inducing factor?

When the caudal part of the neural tube fails to close,what disorder typically results?

Describe the process of apoptosis.

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart,identical twins were found to be

In humans,myelination is complete

About two-thirds of the cells traveling to the developing cortex follow radial glia,and the remaining one-third move in a horizontal direction instead,without using radial glia to guide them.

When an axon is damaged,retrograde degeneration may occur

The Minnesota Study of Twins Raised Apart found support for which of the following conclusions?

Females are much more likely than males to develop conditions influenced by genes that are located on the X chromosome,because they have two X chromosomes instead of one.

Huntington's disease,a fatal degenerative movement disorder,results from large numbers of codon repeats in the Huntington gene located on chromosome 4.This means that the

Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.

Cystic fibrosis is a fatal lung condition that results from a recessive gene.If one parent is a healthy carrier for the condition while the other is not a carrier,what is the likely outcome for any children they might have?

Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative conditions associated with aging are

Researchers believe that the conclusion of myelin growth spurts in areas associated with language learning probably indicates

In which of the following conditions can the failure to follow a carefully prescribed diet result in mental retardation?

Long,fingerlike extensions from the core of growth cones are known as

Because the heritability of height is 81 percent,and the heritability of adult Body Mass Index (BMI)is 59 percent,we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.

In their study of the heritability of autistic traits among Dutch teens,Rosa Hoekstra and her colleagues were careful to choose participants from a variety of backgrounds and circumstances.Why is careful sampling especially important to studies of heritability?

Experience strengthens existing synapses when

Abnormal amyloid proteins are also found in the brains of people with:

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters