Question 1

The complexity of human beings relative to other animals is probably a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the humans' higher number of genes. 
B)  the rate of human gene expression,particularly in the brain. 
C)  the rate of human gene expression,particularly in the liver and blood. 
D)  humans' larger numbers of imprinted genes. 
A)  the humans' higher number of genes. 
B)  the rate of human gene expression,particularly in the brain. 
C)  the rate of human gene expression,particularly in the liver and blood. 
D)  humans' larger numbers of imprinted genes.

Question 2

A process that prevents the production of much higher amounts of protein in females than in males is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  X inactivation. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  crossing over. 
D)  linkage. 
A)  X inactivation. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  crossing over. 
D)  linkage.

Question 3

During the development of your four-year-old nephew's brain,a number of neurons died and many synapses were pruned.As a result,when he is older,he will

Accepted Answer

A)  be mentally retarded. 
B)  probably be totally normal. 
C)  not be able to learn to talk. 
D)  have normal speech,but his intellectual functioning will be lower than normal. 
A)  be mentally retarded. 
B)  probably be totally normal. 
C)  not be able to learn to talk. 
D)  have normal speech,but his intellectual functioning will be lower than normal.

Question 4

Sarah's mother has Huntington's disease,an illness that results from a dominant gene,but her father does not.What is the likelihood that Sarah herself will develop the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sarah has no chance of developing the disease,as she would have inherited a healthy allele from her father. 
B)  Sarah probably has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease,as her mother could have given her either a healthy allele or an allele that produces the illness. 
C)  Sarah has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease,because her mother would not have the disease herself unless she were homozygous for Huntington's disease. 
D)  Sarah has a 25 percent chance of developing the disease,because her father could be a carrier. 
A)  Sarah has no chance of developing the disease,as she would have inherited a healthy allele from her father. 
B)  Sarah probably has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease,as her mother could have given her either a healthy allele or an allele that produces the illness. 
C)  Sarah has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease,because her mother would not have the disease herself unless she were homozygous for Huntington's disease. 
D)  Sarah has a 25 percent chance of developing the disease,because her father could be a carrier.

Question 5

Synaptic pruning

Accepted Answer

A)  is a normal part of brain development. 
B)  is associated with mental retardation,and results in too few connections. 
C)  results from insufficient amounts of neurotrophins. 
D)  results from excess amounts of neurotrophins. 
A)  is a normal part of brain development. 
B)  is associated with mental retardation,and results in too few connections. 
C)  results from insufficient amounts of neurotrophins. 
D)  results from excess amounts of neurotrophins.

Question 6

Describe the process of differentiation of ectodermal cells into skin and neural tissue.

Accepted Answer

Without contact with other cells or indu

Question 7

When the rostral part of the neural tube fails to close,what disorder typically results?

Accepted Answer

A)  anencephaly 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Williams syndrome 
D)  spina bifida 
A)  anencephaly 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Williams syndrome 
D)  spina bifida

Question 8

Future interventions designed to slow the aging process may target

Accepted Answer

A)  rates of myelination. 
B)  prenatal apoptosis. 
C)  telomere shortening. 
D)  synaptic pruning. 
A)  rates of myelination. 
B)  prenatal apoptosis. 
C)  telomere shortening. 
D)  synaptic pruning.

Question 9

An abnormal protein found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  amyloid. 
B)  sonic hedgehog. 
C)  nerve growth factor. 
D)  phenylalanine. 
A)  amyloid. 
B)  sonic hedgehog. 
C)  nerve growth factor. 
D)  phenylalanine.

Question 10

Tom's father has hemophilia,but Tom does not have the disease.What are the chances that Tom's children will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tom's sons will almost certainly have it because Tom will have inherited the recessive gene from this father. 
B)  Tom's daughters may be carriers,but his sons will not have the gene. 
C)  All of Tom's children will be carriers,but it will not be expressed until they have children. 
D)  None of Tom's children will be carriers or have the illness because his X gene came from his mother,who is not a carrier. 
A)  Tom's sons will almost certainly have it because Tom will have inherited the recessive gene from this father. 
B)  Tom's daughters may be carriers,but his sons will not have the gene. 
C)  All of Tom's children will be carriers,but it will not be expressed until they have children. 
D)  None of Tom's children will be carriers or have the illness because his X gene came from his mother,who is not a carrier.

Question 11

Axons growing toward the optic chiasm are directed contralaterally or ipsilaterally by

Accepted Answer

A)  cell adhesion molecules. 
B)  guidepost cells. 
C)  sonic hedgehog. 
D)  radial glia. 
A)  cell adhesion molecules. 
B)  guidepost cells. 
C)  sonic hedgehog. 
D)  radial glia.

Question 12

Mutations

Accepted Answer

A)  always have negative outcomes. 
B)  always have positive outcomes. 
C)  can have positive,negative,or neutral outcomes. 
D)  have neither positive nor negative outcomes,because they are always recessive. 
A)  always have negative outcomes. 
B)  always have positive outcomes. 
C)  can have positive,negative,or neutral outcomes. 
D)  have neither positive nor negative outcomes,because they are always recessive.

Question 13

Organization of the ventral neural tube into a motor system is primarily the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  sonic hedgehog. 
B)  BMP. 
C)  hox genes. 
D)  guidepost cells. 
A)  sonic hedgehog. 
B)  BMP. 
C)  hox genes. 
D)  guidepost cells.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the correct order for myelination from start to finish?

Accepted Answer

A)  forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain,spinal cord 
B)  hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain,spinal cord 
C)  spinal cord,forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain 
D)  spinal cord,hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain 
A)  forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain,spinal cord 
B)  hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain,spinal cord 
C)  spinal cord,forebrain,midbrain,hindbrain 
D)  spinal cord,hindbrain,midbrain,forebrain

Question 15

Robert and Megan are brother and sister,and both have type O blood.They know that their mother has type A blood,but they don't know their father's blood type.Using what they know about their own blood types and their mother's,they know that their father's blood type

Accepted Answer

A)  could be A,B,O,or AB. 
B)  must be O. 
C)  must be A. 
D)  could be A,B,or O. 
A)  could be A,B,O,or AB. 
B)  must be O. 
C)  must be A. 
D)  could be A,B,or O.

Question 16

Most of the drugs currently approved for treating Alzheimer's disease

Accepted Answer

A)  promote greater synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh). 
B)  inhibit reuptake of dopamine. 
C)  boost acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E) . 
D)  inhibit acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E) . 
A)  promote greater synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh). 
B)  inhibit reuptake of dopamine. 
C)  boost acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E) . 
D)  inhibit acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E) .

Question 17

Schizophrenia is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased cortical thickening during young adulthood. 
B)  increased cortical thickening during adolescence. 
C)  abnormally large amounts of cortical thinning during young adulthood. 
D)  abnormally large amounts of cortical thinning during adolescence. 
A)  increased cortical thickening during young adulthood. 
B)  increased cortical thickening during adolescence. 
C)  abnormally large amounts of cortical thinning during young adulthood. 
D)  abnormally large amounts of cortical thinning during adolescence.

Question 18

Twelve-year-old Heather has a smaller head circumference and less gray matter thickness than typical children of her same age,sex,and size.It is most likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  Heather's mother used alcohol and other drugs during her pregnancy. 
B)  Heather's mother has PKU. 
C)  Heather has PKU. 
D)  Heather has fragile X syndrome. 
A)  Heather's mother used alcohol and other drugs during her pregnancy. 
B)  Heather's mother has PKU. 
C)  Heather has PKU. 
D)  Heather has fragile X syndrome.

Question 19

Organization of the dorsal neural tube into sensory systems is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  sonic hedgehog. 
B)  BMP. 
C)  hox genes. 
D)  guidepost cells. 
A)  sonic hedgehog. 
B)  BMP. 
C)  hox genes. 
D)  guidepost cells.

Question 20

One-year-old Joey's eyes have been crossing whenever he tries to focus on anything close to him.The doctor has told his parents that he has to have glasses immediately and wear them whenever he is awake.Why would the doctor say that?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joey has to get used to wearing glasses as a child in order to wear them later in life. 
B)  Joey has to wear glasses now so that he won't have to wear them later in life. 
C)  Joey's eyesight is still developing,and if he doesn't wear glasses during this critical period,his vision could be permanently damaged. 
D)  Joey's doctor is probably an alarmist,and it really isn't that important. 
A)  Joey has to get used to wearing glasses as a child in order to wear them later in life. 
B)  Joey has to wear glasses now so that he won't have to wear them later in life. 
C)  Joey's eyesight is still developing,and if he doesn't wear glasses during this critical period,his vision could be permanently damaged. 
D)  Joey's doctor is probably an alarmist,and it really isn't that important.

The complexity of human beings relative to other animals is probably a result of

A process that prevents the production of much higher amounts of protein in females than in males is known as

During the development of your four-year-old nephew's brain,a number of neurons died and many synapses were pruned.As a result,when he is older,he will

Sarah's mother has Huntington's disease,an illness that results from a dominant gene,but her father does not.What is the likelihood that Sarah herself will develop the disease?

Synaptic pruning

Describe the process of differentiation of ectodermal cells into skin and neural tissue.

When the rostral part of the neural tube fails to close,what disorder typically results?

Future interventions designed to slow the aging process may target

An abnormal protein found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease is known as

Tom's father has hemophilia,but Tom does not have the disease.What are the chances that Tom's children will have hemophilia?

Axons growing toward the optic chiasm are directed contralaterally or ipsilaterally by

Mutations

Organization of the ventral neural tube into a motor system is primarily the result of

Which of the following describes the correct order for myelination from start to finish?

Robert and Megan are brother and sister,and both have type O blood.They know that their mother has type A blood,but they don't know their father's blood type.Using what they know about their own blood types and their mother's,they know that their father's blood type

Most of the drugs currently approved for treating Alzheimer's disease

Schizophrenia is associated with

Twelve-year-old Heather has a smaller head circumference and less gray matter thickness than typical children of her same age,sex,and size.It is most likely that

Organization of the dorsal neural tube into sensory systems is influenced by

One-year-old Joey's eyes have been crossing whenever he tries to focus on anything close to him.The doctor has told his parents that he has to have glasses immediately and wear them whenever he is awake.Why would the doctor say that?

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

The complexity of human beings relative to other animals is probably a result of

A process that prevents the production of much higher amounts of protein in females than in males is known as

During the development of your four-year-old nephew's brain,a number of neurons died and many synapses were pruned.As a result,when he is older,he will

Sarah's mother has Huntington's disease,an illness that results from a dominant gene,but her father does not.What is the likelihood that Sarah herself will develop the disease?

Synaptic pruning

Describe the process of differentiation of ectodermal cells into skin and neural tissue.

When the rostral part of the neural tube fails to close,what disorder typically results?

Future interventions designed to slow the aging process may target

An abnormal protein found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease is known as

Tom's father has hemophilia,but Tom does not have the disease.What are the chances that Tom's children will have hemophilia?

Axons growing toward the optic chiasm are directed contralaterally or ipsilaterally by

Mutations

Organization of the ventral neural tube into a motor system is primarily the result of

Which of the following describes the correct order for myelination from start to finish?

Robert and Megan are brother and sister,and both have type O blood.They know that their mother has type A blood,but they don't know their father's blood type.Using what they know about their own blood types and their mother's,they know that their father's blood type

Most of the drugs currently approved for treating Alzheimer's disease

Schizophrenia is associated with

Twelve-year-old Heather has a smaller head circumference and less gray matter thickness than typical children of her same age,sex,and size.It is most likely that

Organization of the dorsal neural tube into sensory systems is influenced by

One-year-old Joey's eyes have been crossing whenever he tries to focus on anything close to him.The doctor has told his parents that he has to have glasses immediately and wear them whenever he is awake.Why would the doctor say that?

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters