Question 1

The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-acuity vision 
B)  night vision 
C)  movement perception 
D)  depth perception 
A)  high-acuity vision 
B)  night vision 
C)  movement perception 
D)  depth perception

Question 3

Dark adaptation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  involves accumulation of rhodopsin 
B)  results in inhibition of rod function 
C)  is much faster than light adaptation 
D)  primarily involves improvement of acuity and color vision 
A)  involves accumulation of rhodopsin 
B)  results in inhibition of rod function 
C)  is much faster than light adaptation 
D)  primarily involves improvement of acuity and color vision

Question 4

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors.Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors is a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination. 
B)  The olfactory pathway travels to location in the brain in which memories are formed and we simply mix this new sensory information with old memories. 
C)  The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once. 
D)  Taste receptors that are active at the same time influence the subtlety of what we smell. 
A)  The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors is a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination. 
B)  The olfactory pathway travels to location in the brain in which memories are formed and we simply mix this new sensory information with old memories. 
C)  The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once. 
D)  Taste receptors that are active at the same time influence the subtlety of what we smell.

Question 5

Odorants must be volatile to be smelled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is true about photoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  In dim light, images are focused directly on the rods in the fovea centralis. 
B)  Three types of color-sensitive photoreceptors exist: red, green, and yellow. 
C)  Rods absorb light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision. 
D)  If all cones are stimulated equally, all colors are absorbed by the cones and the color perceived is black. 
A)  In dim light, images are focused directly on the rods in the fovea centralis. 
B)  Three types of color-sensitive photoreceptors exist: red, green, and yellow. 
C)  Rods absorb light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision. 
D)  If all cones are stimulated equally, all colors are absorbed by the cones and the color perceived is black.

Question 7

Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory receptor cells 
B)  auditory outer and inner hair cells 
C)  retinal ganglion cells 
D)  retinal bipolar cells 
A)  olfactory receptor cells 
B)  auditory outer and inner hair cells 
C)  retinal ganglion cells 
D)  retinal bipolar cells

Question 8

Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels.However,the cells in the cornea and lens (in the anterior segment)are avascular.Which is the best explanation for how these cells are maintained?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nutrients and waste products of the anterior segment diffuse into and through the vitreous humor of the posterior segment. 
B)  The metabolic activity of these cells is very low. They produce little waste and need few nutrients. 
C)  These cells, like the cells of the corneal layer of the integument are not living cells. 
D)  The aqueous humor is continuously replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus. 
A)  The nutrients and waste products of the anterior segment diffuse into and through the vitreous humor of the posterior segment. 
B)  The metabolic activity of these cells is very low. They produce little waste and need few nutrients. 
C)  These cells, like the cells of the corneal layer of the integument are not living cells. 
D)  The aqueous humor is continuously replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus.

Question 9

The optic disc is forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is the pharyngotympanic tube and what is its purpose?

Accepted Answer

The pharyngotympanic tube links the midd

Question 11

Which of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rods contain a single kind of visual pigment. 
B)  Cones come in three types, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light. 
C)  The foveae are densely packed with cones. 
D)  As many as 100 cones may converge on one ganglion cell. 
A)  Rods contain a single kind of visual pigment. 
B)  Cones come in three types, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light. 
C)  The foveae are densely packed with cones. 
D)  As many as 100 cones may converge on one ganglion cell.

Question 12

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  high volume sounds can travel all the way the apex of the scala vestibule with enough energy remaining to deflect hair cells 
B)  faster vibration of the basilar membrane resulting in a higher frequency of hair cell stimulation 
C)  greater movement of the basilar membrane resulting in greater deflection of the hair cells 
D)  vibration along a greater length of the basilar membrane, stimulating a greater number of hair cells 
A)  high volume sounds can travel all the way the apex of the scala vestibule with enough energy remaining to deflect hair cells 
B)  faster vibration of the basilar membrane resulting in a higher frequency of hair cell stimulation 
C)  greater movement of the basilar membrane resulting in greater deflection of the hair cells 
D)  vibration along a greater length of the basilar membrane, stimulating a greater number of hair cells

Question 13

The first vestiges of eyes in the embryo are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  optic vesicles 
B)  mesenchyme 
C)  optic discs 
D)  optic cups 
A)  optic vesicles 
B)  mesenchyme 
C)  optic discs 
D)  optic cups

Question 14

In the visual pathways to the brain,the optic radiations project to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary visual cortex 
B)  medial retina 
C)  lateral geniculate body 
D)  optic chiasma 
A)  primary visual cortex 
B)  medial retina 
C)  lateral geniculate body 
D)  optic chiasma

Question 15

The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
-Ganglion cells.

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) E 
C) A 
D) D 
E) C 
A) B 
B) E 
C) A 
D) D 
E) C

Question 17

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The elasticity of the lens decreases with age.This leads to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  less light getting to the retina and diminished visual acuity 
B)  lowered accommodation of the pupillary reflex and blurry vision 
C)  a clouding of the lenses know as a cataract 
D)  less accommodation of the lenses and difficulty focusing on nearby objects 
A)  less light getting to the retina and diminished visual acuity 
B)  lowered accommodation of the pupillary reflex and blurry vision 
C)  a clouding of the lenses know as a cataract 
D)  less accommodation of the lenses and difficulty focusing on nearby objects

Question 19

Explain why a bad cold can result in food not tasting the same as it normally does.

Accepted Answer

Taste is 80% smell.When the ability to s

Question 20

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
-Fluid blockages cause glaucoma.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C 
C) B 
D) E 
E) D 
A) A 
B) C 
C) B 
D) E 
E) D

Exam 15: The Special Senses

The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph.

Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to ________.

Dark adaptation ________.

Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors.Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?

Odorants must be volatile to be smelled.

Which of the following is true about photoreceptors?

Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?

Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels.However,the cells in the cornea and lens (in the anterior segment)are avascular.Which is the best explanation for how these cells are maintained?

The optic disc is forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

What is the pharyngotympanic tube and what is its purpose?

Which of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night?

The sensation of loudness or the volume of a sound is detected by ________.

The first vestiges of eyes in the embryo are called ________.

In the visual pathways to the brain,the optic radiations project to the ________.

The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

Figure 15.1 Using Figure 15.1, match the following: -Ganglion cells.

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

The elasticity of the lens decreases with age.This leads to which of the following?

Explain why a bad cold can result in food not tasting the same as it normally does.

Figure 15.3 Using Figure 15.3, match the following: -Fluid blockages cause glaucoma.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

Filters