Question 1

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid. 
B)  is impermeable to water. 
C)  is found in the renal cortex. 
D)  drains into the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  both (a) and (b) above. 
A)  actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid. 
B)  is impermeable to water. 
C)  is found in the renal cortex. 
D)  drains into the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  both (a) and (b) above.

Question 2

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics
-reabsorption of nutrients takes place here

Accepted Answer

A) afferent arteriole 
B) glomerulus 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal tubule
F)descending limb of loop of Henle
G)ascending limb of loop of Henle
H)distal tubule
I)collecting duct 
A) afferent arteriole 
B) glomerulus 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal tubule
F)descending limb of loop of Henle
G)ascending limb of loop of Henle
H)distal tubule
I)collecting duct

Question 3

Tm is the maximum

Accepted Answer

A)  rate of glomerular filtration. 
B)  rate a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule. 
C)  rate of urine excretion. 
D)  rate a substance can be cleared from the blood. 
E)  percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate. 
A)  rate of glomerular filtration. 
B)  rate a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule. 
C)  rate of urine excretion. 
D)  rate a substance can be cleared from the blood. 
E)  percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate.

Question 4

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A)  along the entire length of the nephron. 
B)  only in the loop of Henle. 
C)  only in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D)  only in the proximal tubule. 
E)  only in the glomerulus. 
A)  along the entire length of the nephron. 
B)  only in the loop of Henle. 
C)  only in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D)  only in the proximal tubule. 
E)  only in the glomerulus.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  they contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume. 
B)  they act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition. 
C)  they excrete the metabolic waste products. 
D)  they assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body. 
E)  they secrete several hormones. 
A)  they contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume. 
B)  they act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition. 
C)  they excrete the metabolic waste products. 
D)  they assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body. 
E)  they secrete several hormones.

Question 6

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-Is secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 7

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules. 
B)  is secreted by the JG apparatus. 
C)  stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above. 
A)  stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules. 
B)  is secreted by the JG apparatus. 
C)  stimulates K+ secretion in the distal tubule. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above.

Question 8

Tubular maximum (Tmmax)

Accepted Answer

A)  is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period. 
B)  is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus. 
C)  occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated. 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above. 
A)  is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period. 
B)  is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus. 
C)  occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated. 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above.

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B)  the filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  the descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
D)  all of these answers. 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B)  the filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  the descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
D)  all of these answers. 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 10

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code:
-The distal and collecting tubules in the presence of vasopressin are ______ to H2O.

Accepted Answer

A) permeable 
B) impermeable 
A) permeable 
B) impermeable

Question 12

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-Is secreted from the granular cells of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 13

MATCHING: ART
   
The accompanying figure relates to the steps of transepithelial transport. The barriers a substance must cross are labeled in the diagram 1-5. Match the sequence of barriers crossed with the descriptions using the key below.
-basolateral cell membrane

Accepted Answer

A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4 
E) Step 5 
A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4 
E) Step 5

Question 14

The GLUT transporter is:

Accepted Answer

A)  moves salt 
B)  moves water 
C)  is found in the distal tubules 
D)  located on the basolateral membrane of tubule cells 
E)  is an active transporter 
A)  moves salt 
B)  moves water 
C)  is found in the distal tubules 
D)  located on the basolateral membrane of tubule cells 
E)  is an active transporter

Question 15

On passing through the ___________ angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On passing through the ___________ angiotensin I...

Question 16

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron

Accepted Answer

A)  actively transports NaCl out of the lumen into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  is highly impermeable to H2O. 
C)  is always impermeable to H2O. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above. 
A)  actively transports NaCl out of the lumen into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  is highly impermeable to H2O. 
C)  is always impermeable to H2O. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above.

Question 17

The vertical osmotic gradient enables the kidneys to produce urine that ranges in concentration from 100 to mosm/liter to:

Accepted Answer

A)  300 mosm/liter. 
B)  600 mosm/liter. 
C)  900 mosm/liter. 
D)  1,200 mosm/liter. 
E)  1,500 mosm/liter. 
A)  300 mosm/liter. 
B)  600 mosm/liter. 
C)  900 mosm/liter. 
D)  1,200 mosm/liter. 
E)  1,500 mosm/liter.

Question 18

If a substance has a plasma concentration of 150 mg/ml and a urine concentration of 1.7 mg/ml, and the urine flow rate is 1.3 ml/min, what is the clearance of this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 ml/min. 
B)  196 ml/min. 
C)  0.4 ml/min. 
D)  can not be determined with these data. 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  15 ml/min. 
B)  196 ml/min. 
C)  0.4 ml/min. 
D)  can not be determined with these data. 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 19

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic.
-ureter

Accepted Answer

A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here. 
A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Question 20

Micturition

Accepted Answer

A)  is the process of emptying the bladder. 
B)  is a parasympathetic reflex. 
C)  is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  is the process of emptying the bladder. 
B)  is a parasympathetic reflex. 
C)  is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -reabsorption of nutrients takes place here

Tm is the maximum

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Aldosterone

Tubular maximum (Tm_max)

Which of the following statements concerning the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code: -The distal and collecting tubules in the presence of vasopressin are ______ to H₂O.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is secreted from the granular cells of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus.

MATCHING: ART The accompanying figure relates to the steps of transepithelial transport. The barriers a substance must cross are labeled in the diagram 1-5. Match the sequence of barriers crossed with the descriptions using the key below. -basolateral cell membrane

The GLUT transporter is:

On passing through the ___________ angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron

The vertical osmotic gradient enables the kidneys to produce urine that ranges in concentration from 100 to mosm/liter to:

If a substance has a plasma concentration of 150 mg/ml and a urine concentration of 1.7 mg/ml, and the urine flow rate is 1.3 ml/min, what is the clearance of this substance?

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -ureter

Micturition

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -reabsorption of nutrients takes place here

Tm is the maximum

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Aldosterone

Tubular maximum (Tmmax)

Which of the following statements concerning the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code: -The distal and collecting tubules in the presence of vasopressin are ______ to H2O.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is secreted from the granular cells of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus.

MATCHING: ART The accompanying figure relates to the steps of transepithelial transport. The barriers a substance must cross are labeled in the diagram 1-5. Match the sequence of barriers crossed with the descriptions using the key below. -basolateral cell membrane

The GLUT transporter is:

On passing through the ___________ angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron

The vertical osmotic gradient enables the kidneys to produce urine that ranges in concentration from 100 to mosm/liter to:

If a substance has a plasma concentration of 150 mg/ml and a urine concentration of 1.7 mg/ml, and the urine flow rate is 1.3 ml/min, what is the clearance of this substance?

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -ureter

Micturition

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Tubular maximum (Tm_max)

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code: -The distal and collecting tubules in the presence of vasopressin are ______ to H₂O.