Question 1

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron. 
B)  secretes aldosterone. 
C)  secretes renin. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above. 
A)  is a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells at a point where the beginning of the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron. 
B)  secretes aldosterone. 
C)  secretes renin. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  both (a) and (c) above.

Question 2

Na? reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  uses 80% of the energy requirement of the kidney. 
B)  is under control of the hormone aldosterone in the distal portions of the nephron. 
C)  is linked to the reabsorption of water, Cl-, glucose, amino acids, and urea. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  uses 80% of the energy requirement of the kidney. 
B)  is under control of the hormone aldosterone in the distal portions of the nephron. 
C)  is linked to the reabsorption of water, Cl-, glucose, amino acids, and urea. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 3

Tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. 
B)  can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
C)  of K+ occurs in the distal and collecting tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone. 
D)  of organic anions and cations occurs in the proximal tubule by two distinct types of carriers. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. 
B)  can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
C)  of K+ occurs in the distal and collecting tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone. 
D)  of organic anions and cations occurs in the proximal tubule by two distinct types of carriers. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 4

Which is reabsorbed under hormonal control by the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  all of these answers. 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  all of these answers. 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 5

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics
-diameter controlled to regulate GFR

Accepted Answer

A) afferent arteriole 
B) glomerulus 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal tubule
F)descending limb of loop of Henle
G)ascending limb of loop of Henle
H)distal tubule
I)collecting duct 
A) afferent arteriole 
B) glomerulus 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal tubule
F)descending limb of loop of Henle
G)ascending limb of loop of Henle
H)distal tubule
I)collecting duct

Question 6

Of the Na+ filtered, ____________ % is normally reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

Question 7

Urinary incontinence occurs when there is a disruption in the spinal cord control of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the bladder 
B)  ureters 
C)  urethra 
D)  internal urethral sphincter 
E)  external urethral sphincter 
A)  the bladder 
B)  ureters 
C)  urethra 
D)  internal urethral sphincter 
E)  external urethral sphincter

Question 8

Aldosterone causes cells in the distal tubules and collecting ducts to insert more water channels into their membranes to increase water permeability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac disturbances 
B)  skeletal abnormalities 
C)  anemia 
D)  acidosis 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  cardiac disturbances 
B)  skeletal abnormalities 
C)  anemia 
D)  acidosis 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the accompanying diagram of the steps of the activation and function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Six of the molecules/actions have been removed and replaced with letters A-F. Match the letter with list of missing terms below to complete the diagram.
-aldosterone

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
The following questions refer to...

Question 11

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Administration of diuretics ______ urine output.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 12

The energy requirement for glucose reabsorption is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  run the Na+-K+ ATPase pump. 
B)  run the Na+-glucose co-transport carrier. 
C)  synthesize renin, which controls glucose reabsorption. 
D)  maintain the Tmax for glucose. 
E)  produce aldosterone-induced protein, which increases the permeability of the proximal tubular cells to glucose. 
A)  run the Na+-K+ ATPase pump. 
B)  run the Na+-glucose co-transport carrier. 
C)  synthesize renin, which controls glucose reabsorption. 
D)  maintain the Tmax for glucose. 
E)  produce aldosterone-induced protein, which increases the permeability of the proximal tubular cells to glucose.

Question 13

Aldosterone secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  is controlled by the concentration of K+ 
B)  is stimulated by angiotensin II. 
C)  is controlled by the concentration of Cl-. 
D)  both (a) and (b) 
E)  both (b) and (c) 
A)  is controlled by the concentration of K+ 
B)  is stimulated by angiotensin II. 
C)  is controlled by the concentration of Cl-. 
D)  both (a) and (b) 
E)  both (b) and (c)

Question 14

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption.
-Represents 8% of Na+ reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle 
A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Question 15

Both acute and chronic renal failure are reversible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The greatest percentage of Na+ reabsorption takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  collecting tubule. 
E)  renal pelvis. 
A)  proximal tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  collecting tubule. 
E)  renal pelvis.

Question 17

The glucose concentration in the plasma when glucose first starts to appear in the urine is about____ mg per 100 ml.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  150 
E)  none of the above 
A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  100 
D)  150 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Vasopressin secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine. 
B)  is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic. 
C)  is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine. 
B)  is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic. 
C)  is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 19

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  no ionic substance is affected. 
B)  hydrogen ions decreases. 
C)  hydrogen ions increases. 
D)  sodium ions decreases. 
E)  sodium ions increases. 
A)  no ionic substance is affected. 
B)  hydrogen ions decreases. 
C)  hydrogen ions increases. 
D)  sodium ions decreases. 
E)  sodium ions increases.

Question 20

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes renin in response to sodium depletion or plasma volume reduction. 
B)  is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron. 
C)  is where reabsorption of sodium occurs. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  secretes renin in response to sodium depletion or plasma volume reduction. 
B)  is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron. 
C)  is where reabsorption of sodium occurs. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Na? reabsorption

Tubular secretion

Which is reabsorbed under hormonal control by the proximal tubule?

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -diameter controlled to regulate GFR

Of the Na⁺ filtered, ____________ % is normally reabsorbed

Urinary incontinence occurs when there is a disruption in the spinal cord control of:

Aldosterone causes cells in the distal tubules and collecting ducts to insert more water channels into their membranes to increase water permeability.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Administration of diuretics ______ urine output.

The energy requirement for glucose reabsorption is used to

Aldosterone secretion

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. -Represents 8% of Na⁺ reabsorbed.

Both acute and chronic renal failure are reversible.

The greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption takes place in the

The glucose concentration in the plasma when glucose first starts to appear in the urine is about____ mg per 100 ml.

Vasopressin secretion

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Na? reabsorption

Tubular secretion

Which is reabsorbed under hormonal control by the proximal tubule?

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -diameter controlled to regulate GFR

Of the Na+ filtered, ____________ % is normally reabsorbed

Urinary incontinence occurs when there is a disruption in the spinal cord control of:

Aldosterone causes cells in the distal tubules and collecting ducts to insert more water channels into their membranes to increase water permeability.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Administration of diuretics ______ urine output.

The energy requirement for glucose reabsorption is used to

Aldosterone secretion

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. -Represents 8% of Na+ reabsorbed.

Both acute and chronic renal failure are reversible.

The greatest percentage of Na+ reabsorption takes place in the

The glucose concentration in the plasma when glucose first starts to appear in the urine is about____ mg per 100 ml.

Vasopressin secretion

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Of the Na⁺ filtered, ____________ % is normally reabsorbed

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. -Represents 8% of Na⁺ reabsorbed.

The greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption takes place in the