Question 1

Inductive logical thought involves

Accepted Answer

A) turning theories into hypotheses suitable for testing. 
B) selecting a research method based on available resources. 
C) doing research about the past. 
D) transforming specific observations into general theory. 
A) turning theories into hypotheses suitable for testing. 
B) selecting a research method based on available resources. 
C) doing research about the past. 
D) transforming specific observations into general theory.

Question 2

If you were doing a research project for your sociology class in which you were trying to discover how students assess the benefits of taking a sociology class, which research method might you use? Why?

Accepted Answer

I would likely use a combination of qual

Question 3

All of the following statements-except for one-are guidelines for ethical research endorsed by the American Sociological Association.Which one is NOT one of the ASA's guidelines for ethical research?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers must always perform their research several times in order to ensure its accuracy. 
B) Researchers must disclose their sources of funding for the research. 
C) Researchers must protect the privacy of subjects taking part in a research project. 
D) Researchers must ensure the safety of subjects taking part in a research project. 
A) Researchers must always perform their research several times in order to ensure its accuracy. 
B) Researchers must disclose their sources of funding for the research. 
C) Researchers must protect the privacy of subjects taking part in a research project. 
D) Researchers must ensure the safety of subjects taking part in a research project.

Question 4

You wish to conduct an exploratory and descriptive study of people in a particular neighborhood.You have plenty of time, but you have little money or other resources.What research method should you use?

Accepted Answer

A) an experiment 
B) a survey 
C) participant observation 
D) secondary analysis 
A) an experiment 
B) a survey 
C) participant observation 
D) secondary analysis

Question 5

Baltzell found that a surprisingly large number of high-achieving people in our country's history came from the Boston area.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The use of existing data and documents makes most historical research possible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is true about cause-and-effect relationships in the social world?

Accepted Answer

A) Most patterns of behavior have a single cause. 
B) Most patterns of behavior are random and have no cause at all. 
C) Most patterns of behavior are caused by many factors. 
D) Sociologists are not able to reach conclusions about cause and effect. 
A) Most patterns of behavior have a single cause. 
B) Most patterns of behavior are random and have no cause at all. 
C) Most patterns of behavior are caused by many factors. 
D) Sociologists are not able to reach conclusions about cause and effect.

Question 8

Lois Benjamin's investigation of racism may be criticized because

Accepted Answer

A) her sample included as many white people as African Americans. 
B) she conducted her interviews over the telephone. 
C) her sample may not be representative of all African Americans. 
D) people cannot respond to questions they find painful. 
A) her sample included as many white people as African Americans. 
B) she conducted her interviews over the telephone. 
C) her sample may not be representative of all African Americans. 
D) people cannot respond to questions they find painful.

Question 9

In a questionnaire, asking respondents to identify their income level from a number of possible categories represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a closed-ended question format 
B) an open-ended question format 
C) an interview question format 
D) a qualitative question format 
A) a closed-ended question format 
B) an open-ended question format 
C) an interview question format 
D) a qualitative question format

Question 10

Validity refers to actually measuring what you want to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What makes science a special "way of knowing"? What are important traits of scientific sociology? How does interpretive sociology differ from scientific sociology?

Accepted Answer

Science is a special "way of knowing" be

Question 12

The ability to neutralize the effect of one variable in order to assess the relationship between two other variables is called

Accepted Answer

A) making the correlation spurious. 
B) making the correlation reliable. 
C) control. 
D) causing the correlation. 
A) making the correlation spurious. 
B) making the correlation reliable. 
C) control. 
D) causing the correlation.

Question 13

What term refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers?

Accepted Answer

A) the mean 
B) the mode 
C) the median 
D) the correlation 
A) the mean 
B) the mode 
C) the median 
D) the correlation

Question 14

An apparent, although false, association between two variables that is caused by a third variable is called

Accepted Answer

A) a spurious correlation. 
B) an unproven correlation. 
C) an unreliable correlation. 
D) an invalid correlation. 
A) a spurious correlation. 
B) an unproven correlation. 
C) an unreliable correlation. 
D) an invalid correlation.

Question 15

Inductive logical thought turns theory into testable hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A researcher doing participant observation may "break in" to a setting more easily with the help of a

Accepted Answer

A) key informant. 
B) research assistant. 
C) bigger budget. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) key informant. 
B) research assistant. 
C) bigger budget. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 17

Read the following four statements describing the link between sociology's methodological approaches and its theoretical approaches.Which of the statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific methodology is most closely linked to structural-functional theory. 
B) Interpretive methodology is linked to social-conflict theory. 
C) Critical methodology corresponds to the symbolic-interaction theory. 
D) There is no link between any of the theoretical and methodological approaches. 
A) Scientific methodology is most closely linked to structural-functional theory. 
B) Interpretive methodology is linked to social-conflict theory. 
C) Critical methodology corresponds to the symbolic-interaction theory. 
D) There is no link between any of the theoretical and methodological approaches.

Question 18

Karl Marx founded the critical orientation in sociology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Sociologists use the term "empirical evidence" to refer to

Accepted Answer

A) information that is based on a society's traditions. 
B) information that squares with common sense. 
C) information we can verify with our senses. 
D) information that most people agree is true. 
A) information that is based on a society's traditions. 
B) information that squares with common sense. 
C) information we can verify with our senses. 
D) information that most people agree is true.

Question 20

With regard to the process of measurement, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) For measurement to be reliable, it must be valid. 
B) For measurement to be valid, it must be reliable. 
C) All measurement is both reliable and valid. 
D) Measurement cannot be both reliable and valid. 
A) For measurement to be reliable, it must be valid. 
B) For measurement to be valid, it must be reliable. 
C) All measurement is both reliable and valid. 
D) Measurement cannot be both reliable and valid.

Exam 2: Sociological Investigation

Inductive logical thought involves

If you were doing a research project for your sociology class in which you were trying to discover how students assess the benefits of taking a sociology class, which research method might you use? Why?

All of the following statements-except for one-are guidelines for ethical research endorsed by the American Sociological Association.Which one is NOT one of the ASA's guidelines for ethical research?

You wish to conduct an exploratory and descriptive study of people in a particular neighborhood.You have plenty of time, but you have little money or other resources.What research method should you use?

Baltzell found that a surprisingly large number of high-achieving people in our country's history came from the Boston area.

The use of existing data and documents makes most historical research possible.

Which of the following is true about cause-and-effect relationships in the social world?

Lois Benjamin's investigation of racism may be criticized because

In a questionnaire, asking respondents to identify their income level from a number of possible categories represents which of the following?

Validity refers to actually measuring what you want to measure.

What makes science a special "way of knowing"? What are important traits of scientific sociology? How does interpretive sociology differ from scientific sociology?

The ability to neutralize the effect of one variable in order to assess the relationship between two other variables is called

What term refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers?

An apparent, although false, association between two variables that is caused by a third variable is called

Inductive logical thought turns theory into testable hypotheses.

A researcher doing participant observation may "break in" to a setting more easily with the help of a

Read the following four statements describing the link between sociology's methodological approaches and its theoretical approaches.Which of the statements is correct?

Karl Marx founded the critical orientation in sociology.

Sociologists use the term "empirical evidence" to refer to

With regard to the process of measurement, which of the following statements is true?

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