Question 1

At what ages is the facial skeleton usually mature enough for secondary orthognathic surgery?

Accepted Answer

A) Girls: 11 years; boys: 13 years 
B) Girls: 12 years; boys: 14 years 
C) Girls: 13 years; boys: 15years 
D) Girls: 14 years; boys: 16 years 
E) Girls: 15 years; boys: 17 years 
A) Girls: 11 years; boys: 13 years 
B) Girls: 12 years; boys: 14 years 
C) Girls: 13 years; boys: 15years 
D) Girls: 14 years; boys: 16 years 
E) Girls: 15 years; boys: 17 years E

Question 2

Which of the following typically causes a cant to the maxilla?

Accepted Answer

A) Crouzon syndrome 
B) Apert syndrome 
C) Treacher Collins syndrome 
D) Hemifacial microsomia 
E) Stickler's syndrome 
A) Crouzon syndrome 
B) Apert syndrome 
C) Treacher Collins syndrome 
D) Hemifacial microsomia 
E) Stickler's syndrome D

Question 3

What is a potential postoperative benefit of a Le Fort I maxillary advancement?

Accepted Answer

A) Correction of compensatory errors 
B) Correction of obligatory distortions 
C) Correction of hypernasality 
D) Improvement of the airway 
E) b and d 
A) Correction of compensatory errors 
B) Correction of obligatory distortions 
C) Correction of hypernasality 
D) Improvement of the airway 
E) b and d E

Question 4

Which of the following describes the procedure where a partial cut is made in the middle of a bone and then the segments are slowly pulled apart to allow new bone to regenerate in the space?

Accepted Answer

A) Le Fort advancement 
B) Distraction osteogenesis 
C) Bone graft 
D) Osteotomy 
E) Gingivoperiosteoplasty 
A) Le Fort advancement 
B) Distraction osteogenesis 
C) Bone graft 
D) Osteotomy 
E) Gingivoperiosteoplasty

Question 5

Children with clefts may initially have a fairly normal occlusal relationship, but they usually develop which type of occlusion with growth?

Accepted Answer

A) Class I 
B) Class II 
C) Class III 
D) Open bite 
E) Occlusal cant 
A) Class I 
B) Class II 
C) Class III 
D) Open bite 
E) Occlusal cant

Question 6

Which of the following may be improved with maxillary advancement surgery alone?

Accepted Answer

A) Obligatory distortions and hyponasality 
B) Compensatory errors and obligatory distortions 
C) Obligatory distortions and hypernasality 
D) Compensatory errors and hypernasality 
E) Compensatory errors and hyponasality 
A) Obligatory distortions and hyponasality 
B) Compensatory errors and obligatory distortions 
C) Obligatory distortions and hypernasality 
D) Compensatory errors and hypernasality 
E) Compensatory errors and hyponasality

Question 7

Which of the following is a common problem associated with a retrodisplaced or a small maxilla?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypernasality 
B) Sleep apnea and hyponasality 
C) Class II malocclusion 
D) Occlusal cant 
E) Oronasal fistula 
A) Hypernasality 
B) Sleep apnea and hyponasality 
C) Class II malocclusion 
D) Occlusal cant 
E) Oronasal fistula

Question 8

What is a cant?

Accepted Answer

A) Surgical cut 
B) Slant in occlusion 
C) Protrusion 
D) Partial cut 
E) Orthodontic device 
A) Surgical cut 
B) Slant in occlusion 
C) Protrusion 
D) Partial cut 
E) Orthodontic device

Question 9

Which of the following is not addressed routinely by either the cheiloplasty or the palatoplasty?

Accepted Answer

A) Velum 
B) Oronasal fistula 
C) Philtral ridges 
D) Alveolus 
E) Incisive foramen 
A) Velum 
B) Oronasal fistula 
C) Philtral ridges 
D) Alveolus 
E) Incisive foramen

Question 10

The timing of the bone graft is dependent on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Type of cleft 
B) Child's dental development 
C) Presence of a crossbite 
D) Presence of a nasolabial fistula 
E) Child's age 
A) Type of cleft 
B) Child's dental development 
C) Presence of a crossbite 
D) Presence of a nasolabial fistula 
E) Child's age

Question 11

What is the primary purpose of mandibular distraction on a young child with micrognathia?

Accepted Answer

A) To improve the airway 
B) To improve feeding 
C) To improve the facial profile 
D) To improve occlusion of the jaws 
E) To improve the micrognathia 
A) To improve the airway 
B) To improve feeding 
C) To improve the facial profile 
D) To improve occlusion of the jaws 
E) To improve the micrognathia

Question 12

Which is not a method of mandibular reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

A) Distraction osteogenesis 
B) Le Fort I 
C) Rib graft reconstruction 
D) Free tissue microsurgical reconstruction 
E) Mandibular osteotomies 
A) Distraction osteogenesis 
B) Le Fort I 
C) Rib graft reconstruction 
D) Free tissue microsurgical reconstruction 
E) Mandibular osteotomies

Question 13

Orthognathic surgery of the maxilla cannot be performed until which of the following is well developed?

Accepted Answer

A) Maxilla 
B) Maxillary sinus 
C) Dentition 
D) Mandible 
E) Palatal arch 
A) Maxilla 
B) Maxillary sinus 
C) Dentition 
D) Mandible 
E) Palatal arch

Question 14

What is a potential postoperative complication of maxillary advancement surgery?

Accepted Answer

A) Airway obstruction 
B) Velopharyngeal insufficiency 
C) Loss of teeth 
D) Hyponasality 
E) Anterior open bite 
A) Airway obstruction 
B) Velopharyngeal insufficiency 
C) Loss of teeth 
D) Hyponasality 
E) Anterior open bite

Question 15

If an alveolar cleft is left untreated, what can be the result?

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of the permanent lateral incisor 
B) Loss of the central incisor 
C) Loss of the canine cuspid) tooth 
D) a and b 
E) a and c 
A) Loss of the permanent lateral incisor 
B) Loss of the central incisor 
C) Loss of the canine cuspid) tooth 
D) a and b 
E) a and c

Question 16

Which of the following is not a common problem as a result of a small maxilla?

Accepted Answer

A) Articulation errors 
B) Sleep apnea 
C) Hypernasality 
D) Hyponasality 
E) Cul-de-sac resonance 
A) Articulation errors 
B) Sleep apnea 
C) Hypernasality 
D) Hyponasality 
E) Cul-de-sac resonance

Question 17

What is the purpose of a genioplasty?

Accepted Answer

A) To advance the maxilla 
B) To advance the chin 
C) To close an oronasal fistula 
D) To correct a prognathic mandible 
E) To correct an anterior crossbite 
A) To advance the maxilla 
B) To advance the chin 
C) To close an oronasal fistula 
D) To correct a prognathic mandible 
E) To correct an anterior crossbite

Question 18

What is the procedure to correct an alveolar cleft?

Accepted Answer

A) Distraction 
B) Corticotomy 
C) Taping 
D) Bone graft 
E) Le Fort I 
A) Distraction 
B) Corticotomy 
C) Taping 
D) Bone graft 
E) Le Fort I

Question 19

Which procedure is done to lengthen bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Le Fort I 
B) Le Fort II 
C) Le Fort III 
D) Distraction osteogenesis 
E) All of the above 
A) Le Fort I 
B) Le Fort II 
C) Le Fort III 
D) Distraction osteogenesis 
E) All of the above

Exam 19: Orthognathic Surgery for Craniofacial Conditions

At what ages is the facial skeleton usually mature enough for secondary orthognathic surgery?

Which of the following typically causes a cant to the maxilla?

What is a potential postoperative benefit of a Le Fort I maxillary advancement?

Which of the following describes the procedure where a partial cut is made in the middle of a bone and then the segments are slowly pulled apart to allow new bone to regenerate in the space?

Children with clefts may initially have a fairly normal occlusal relationship, but they usually develop which type of occlusion with growth?

Which of the following may be improved with maxillary advancement surgery alone?

Which of the following is a common problem associated with a retrodisplaced or a small maxilla?

What is a cant?

Which of the following is not addressed routinely by either the cheiloplasty or the palatoplasty?

The timing of the bone graft is dependent on which of the following?

What is the primary purpose of mandibular distraction on a young child with micrognathia?

Which is not a method of mandibular reconstruction?

Orthognathic surgery of the maxilla cannot be performed until which of the following is well developed?

What is a potential postoperative complication of maxillary advancement surgery?

If an alveolar cleft is left untreated, what can be the result?

Which of the following is not a common problem as a result of a small maxilla?

What is the purpose of a genioplasty?

What is the procedure to correct an alveolar cleft?

Which procedure is done to lengthen bone?

Anatomy and Physiology

Clefts of the Lip and Palate

The Genetics Evaluation and Common Craniofacial Syndromes

Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance

Feeding Problems of Infantswith Clefts or Craniofacial Anomalies

Developmental Aspects:speech, Language, and Cognition

Resonance Disorders Andvelopharyngeal Dysfunction Vpd

Facial, Oral and Pharyngeal Anomalies

Dental Anomalies

Psychosocial Aspects Ofcleft Lippalate and Craniofacial Anomalies

Speech and Resonance Assessment

Orofacial Examination

Overview of Instrumental Procedures

Nasometry

Speech Aerodynamics

Videofluoroscopy

Nasopharyngoscopy

Surgical Management of Clefts and Velopharyngeal Insufficiencyincompetence VPI

Prosthetic Management

Speech Therapy

The Team Approach

Cleft Care in Developing Countries

Velopharyngeal Dysfunction and Speech Disorders

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