Question 1

If we start with 1.000 g of cobalt-60,0.4000 g will remain after 7.00 y.This means that the $\text { half-life }$ of $\text { cobalt } - 60$ is ________ y.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.80 
B) 17.5 
C) 7.64 
D) 1.94 
E) 5.29 
A) 2.80 
B) 17.5 
C) 7.64 
D) 1.94 
E) 5.29

Question 2

Determine how many neutrons are produced during the neutron-induced fission of 239
94 Pu to form 89
36 Kr and 149
58 Ce.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 0 
C) 3 
D) 1 
E) 4 
A) 2 
B) 0 
C) 3 
D) 1 
E) 4

Question 3

Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { c } 
235 \
92
\end{array}$ U 
B)  14
6 C 
C)  $\begin{array} { c } 
220 \
86
\end{array}$ Rn 
D)  219
90 Th 
E)  232
90 Th 
A)  $\begin{array} { c } 
235 \
92
\end{array}$ U 
B)  14
6 C 
C)  $\begin{array} { c } 
220 \
86
\end{array}$ Rn 
D)  219
90 Th 
E)  232
90 Th

Question 4

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) radioactive cleavage 
B) nuclear fission 
C) nuclear fusion 
D) radioactive merge 
E) the half-life 
A) radioactive cleavage 
B) nuclear fission 
C) nuclear fusion 
D) radioactive merge 
E) the half-life

Question 5

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of $ { }_{6}^{11} \mathrm{C} $

Accepted Answer

A)  11
5 B 
B)  11
7 N 
C)  $\begin{array} { c } 
12 \
6
\end{array}$ C 
D)  10
5 B 
E)  $\begin{array} { c } 
12 \
7
\end{array}$ N 
A)  11
5 B 
B)  11
7 N 
C)  $\begin{array} { c } 
12 \
6
\end{array}$ C 
D)  10
5 B 
E)  $\begin{array} { c } 
12 \
7
\end{array}$ N

Question 6

Complete the following equation of transmutation. 
$\begin{array} { l } 
27 \
13
\end{array}$ Al + 4
2 He ? $\begin{array} { l } 
30 \
15
\end{array}$ P + ________

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$ 
B)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm {~g}$ 
C)  ${ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$ 
D)  ${ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$ 
E)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n }$ 
A)  ${ } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$ 
B)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm {~g}$ 
C)  ${ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$ 
D)  ${ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$ 
E)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n }$

Question 7

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
15
\end{array}$ P.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
33 \
15
\end{array}$ P 
B)  $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
16
\end{array}$ S 
C)  $\begin{array} { l } 
33 \
16
\end{array}$ S 
D)  $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
14
\end{array}$ Si 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
28 \
13
\end{array}$ Al 
A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
33 \
15
\end{array}$ P 
B)  $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
16
\end{array}$ S 
C)  $\begin{array} { l } 
33 \
16
\end{array}$ S 
D)  $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
14
\end{array}$ Si 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
28 \
13
\end{array}$ Al

Question 8

Nuclides above the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) beta emission 
B) positron emission 
C) gamma emission 
D) electron capture 
E) neutron bombardment 
A) beta emission 
B) positron emission 
C) gamma emission 
D) electron capture 
E) neutron bombardment

Question 9

Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of 1.27 × 109 yr.The age of a mineral sample that has a mass ratio of 40Ar to 40K of 0.412 is ________ y.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.62 × 109 
B) 5.23 × 108 
C) 7.55 × 108 
D) 2.26 × 109 
E) 6.32 × 108 
A) 1.62 × 109 
B) 5.23 × 108 
C) 7.55 × 108 
D) 2.26 × 109 
E) 6.32 × 108

Question 10

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
214
82 Pb ? $\begin{array} { c } 
0 \
- 1
\end{array}$ e + ?

Accepted Answer

A)  214
83 Bi 
B)  214
81 Tl 
C)  213
82 Pb 
D)  215
82 Pb 
E)  215
81 Tl 
A)  214
83 Bi 
B)  214
81 Tl 
C)  213
82 Pb 
D)  215
82 Pb 
E)  215
81 Tl

Question 11

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of $\begin{array} { c } 
226 \
88
\end{array}$ Ra.

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } + { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } \rightarrow { } _ { 90 } ^ { 230 } \mathrm { Th }$ 
B) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 88 } ^ { 225 } \mathrm { Ra }$ 
C) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 89 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ac }$ 
D) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } + { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } \rightarrow { } _ { 89 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ac }$ 
E) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 86 } ^ { 222 } \mathrm { Rn }$ 
A)  ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } + { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } \rightarrow { } _ { 90 } ^ { 230 } \mathrm { Th }$ 
B) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 88 } ^ { 225 } \mathrm { Ra }$ 
C) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 89 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ac }$ 
D) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } + { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } \rightarrow { } _ { 89 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ac }$ 
E) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 86 } ^ { 222 } \mathrm { Rn }$

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma rays have the lowest ionizing power of any radioactivity. 
B) Alpha radiation has the highest penetrating power of any radioactivity. 
C) Beta emitters will do more damage than alpha emitters within the body. 
D) Beta radiation has the highest ionizing power of any radioactivity. 
E) Gamma radiation has the lowest penetrating power. 
A) Gamma rays have the lowest ionizing power of any radioactivity. 
B) Alpha radiation has the highest penetrating power of any radioactivity. 
C) Beta emitters will do more damage than alpha emitters within the body. 
D) Beta radiation has the highest ionizing power of any radioactivity. 
E) Gamma radiation has the lowest penetrating power.

Question 13

Describe what is meant by the "valley of stability."

Accepted Answer

If a plot of number of neutrons vs.numbe

Question 14

Complete the following equation of transmutation. 
14
7 N + 4
2 He ? $\begin{array} { c } 
17 \
8
\end{array}$ O + ________

Accepted Answer

A) $\begin{array} { c } 
0 \
+ 1
\end{array} \mathrm { e }$ 
B)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm {~g}$ 
C)  ${ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$ 
D)  ${ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$ 
E)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n }$ 
A) $\begin{array} { c } 
0 \
+ 1
\end{array} \mathrm { e }$ 
B)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm {~g}$ 
C)  ${ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$ 
D)  ${ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$ 
E)  ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n }$

Question 15

Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?

Accepted Answer

A) ln $\frac { N _ { t } } { N _ { 0 } }$ = -$\frac{k}{t}$ 
B)  $\frac { N _ { t } } { N _ { 0 } }$ = - ln$\frac{k}{t}$ 
C)  $t 1 / 2$ = 0.693 × k 
D)  $t 1 / 2$ =$\frac { k } { 0.693 }$ 
E)  $t 1 / 2$ =$\frac { 0.693 } { k }$ 
A) ln $\frac { N _ { t } } { N _ { 0 } }$ = -$\frac{k}{t}$ 
B)  $\frac { N _ { t } } { N _ { 0 } }$ = - ln$\frac{k}{t}$ 
C)  $t 1 / 2$ = 0.693 × k 
D)  $t 1 / 2$ =$\frac { k } { 0.693 }$ 
E)  $t 1 / 2$ =$\frac { 0.693 } { k }$

Question 16

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
$\begin{array} { c } 
235 \
92
\end{array}$ U ? 90
38 Sr + ? + 2 $\begin{array} { l } 
1 \
0
\end{array}$ n + 4 $\begin{array} { l } 
0 \
0
\end{array}$ g

Accepted Answer

A)  141
52 Te 
B)  144
54 Xe 
C)  $\begin{array} { c } 
143 \
54
\end{array}$ Xe 
D)  $\begin{array} { c } 
143 \
52
\end{array}$ Te 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
92 \
38
\end{array}$ Sr 
A)  141
52 Te 
B)  144
54 Xe 
C)  $\begin{array} { c } 
143 \
54
\end{array}$ Xe 
D)  $\begin{array} { c } 
143 \
52
\end{array}$ Te 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
92 \
38
\end{array}$ Sr

Question 17

Identify the symptom experienced from radiation exposure.

Accepted Answer

A) increased ability to absorb nutrients 
B) sneezing 
C) death 
D) decreased risk of cancer 
E) weaker immune system 
A) increased ability to absorb nutrients 
B) sneezing 
C) death 
D) decreased risk of cancer 
E) weaker immune system

Question 18

Determine the binding energy of a F-19 nucleus.The F-19 nucleus has a mass of 18.99840325 amu.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) 142 MeV 
B) 796 MeV 
C) 1080 MeV 
D) 143 MeV 
E) 145 MeV 
A) 142 MeV 
B) 796 MeV 
C) 1080 MeV 
D) 143 MeV 
E) 145 MeV

Question 19

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of $ { }_{7}^{13} \mathrm{N} $

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ } _ { 8} ^ {13} $ O 
B)  13
6 C 
C)  14
8 O 
D)  9
5 B 
E)  $\begin{array} { c } 
17 \
9
\end{array}$ F 
A)  ${ } _ { 8} ^ {13} $ O 
B)  13
6 C 
C)  14
8 O 
D)  9
5 B 
E)  $\begin{array} { c } 
17 \
9
\end{array}$ F

Question 20

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am }$

Accepted Answer

A)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 237 } \mathrm {~Np}$ 
B)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 97 } ^ { 245 } \mathrm { Bk }$ 
C)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 96 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Cm }$ 
D)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 94 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Pu }$ 
E)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 95 } ^ { 240 } \mathrm { Am }$ 
A)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 237 } \mathrm {~Np}$ 
B)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 97 } ^ { 245 } \mathrm { Bk }$ 
C)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 96 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Cm }$ 
D)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 94 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Pu }$ 
E)  
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 95 } ^ { 240 } \mathrm { Am }$

Exam 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

If we start with 1.000 g of cobalt-60,0.4000 g will remain after 7.00 y.This means that the half-life \text { half-life } half-life of cobalt −60\text { cobalt } - 60 cobalt −60 is ________ y.

Determine how many neutrons are produced during the neutron-induced fission of 239 94 Pu to form 89 36 Kr and 149 58 Ce.

Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei is called ________.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 611C { }_{6}^{11} \mathrm{C} 611​C

Complete the following equation of transmutation. 27 13 Al + 4 2 He ? 30 15 P + ________

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 32 15 P.

Nuclides above the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of 1.27 × 109 yr.The age of a mineral sample that has a mass ratio of 40Ar to 40K of 0.412 is ________ y.

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 214 82 Pb ? 0 -1 e + ?

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 226 88 Ra.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Describe what is meant by the "valley of stability."

Complete the following equation of transmutation. 14 7 N + 4 2 He ? 17 8 O + ________

Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 235 92 U ? 90 38 Sr + ? + 2 1 0 n + 4 0 0 g

Identify the symptom experienced from radiation exposure.

Determine the binding energy of a F-19 nucleus.The F-19 nucleus has a mass of 18.99840325 amu.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 713N { }_{7}^{13} \mathrm{N} 713​N

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 95241Am{ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am }95241​Am

Units of Measurement for Physical and Chemical Change

Atoms and Elements

Molecules,compounds,and Nomenclature

Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

Gases

Thermochemistry

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Chemical Bonding I: Lewis Theory

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory

Liquids, solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium

Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Organic Chemistry I: Structures

Organic Chemistry II: Reactions

Biochemistry

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Metals and Metallurgy

Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

Filters

If we start with 1.000 g of cobalt-60,0.4000 g will remain after 7.00 y.This means that the $\text { half-life }$ of $\text { cobalt } - 60$ is ________ y.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{6}^{11} \mathrm{C}$

Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of 1.27 × 10⁹ yr.The age of a mineral sample that has a mass ratio of ⁴⁰Ar to ⁴⁰K of 0.412 is ________ y.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{7}^{13} \mathrm{N}$

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am }$