Question 1

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by $ { }_{36}^{17} \mathrm{Cl} $

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
37 \
18
\end{array}$ Ar 
B)  40
19 K 
C)  $\begin{array} { l } 
36 \
16
\end{array}$ S 
D)  $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
15
\end{array}$ P 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
36 \
18
\end{array}$ Ar 
A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
37 \
18
\end{array}$ Ar 
B)  40
19 K 
C)  $\begin{array} { l } 
36 \
16
\end{array}$ S 
D)  $\begin{array} { l } 
32 \
15
\end{array}$ P 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
36 \
18
\end{array}$ Ar

Question 2

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during alpha decay.

Accepted Answer

A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change. 
A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 3

List two problems associated with nuclear power.

Accepted Answer

Overheatin

Question 4

A rock contains 0.413 mg of lead-206 for each milligram of uranium-238.The $\text { half-life }$ for the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 is 4.5 × 109 y.The rock was formed ________ y.ago.

Accepted Answer

A) 4.80 × 109 
B) 1.86 × 109 
C) 3.10 × 109 
D) 7.34 × 109 
E) 2.53 × 109 
A) 4.80 × 109 
B) 1.86 × 109 
C) 3.10 × 109 
D) 7.34 × 109 
E) 2.53 × 109

Question 5

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of $ { }_{9}^{18} \mathrm{F} $

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
22 \
11
\end{array}$ Na 
B)  19
9 F 
C)  14
7 N 
D)  18
8 O 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
18 \
10
\end{array}$ Ne 
A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
22 \
11
\end{array}$ Na 
B)  19
9 F 
C)  14
7 N 
D)  18
8 O 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
18 \
10
\end{array}$ Ne

Question 6

Nuclides below the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) gamma emission 
B) beta emission 
C) positron emission 
D) neutron emission 
E) neutron bombardment 
A) gamma emission 
B) beta emission 
C) positron emission 
D) neutron emission 
E) neutron bombardment

Question 7

Carbon-11 is used in medical imaging.The half-life of this radioisotope is 20.4 min.What percentage of a sample remains after 50.0 min?

Accepted Answer

A) 40.8% 
B) 2.45% 
C) 81.7% 
D) 0.183% 
E) 18.3% 
A) 40.8% 
B) 2.45% 
C) 81.7% 
D) 0.183% 
E) 18.3%

Question 8

The nuclide As-76 has a half-life of 26.0 hours.If a sample of As-76 weighs 344 g,what mass of As-76 remains after 538 minutes?

Accepted Answer

A) 67.8 g 
B) 271 g 
C) 144 g 
D) 437 g 
E) 251 g 
A) 67.8 g 
B) 271 g 
C) 144 g 
D) 437 g 
E) 251 g

Question 9

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during gamma ray emission.

Accepted Answer

A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change. 
A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 10

Atoms with Z > ________ are radioactive and decay in one or more steps involving mostly alpha and beta decay.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 
B) 100 
C) 83 
D) 160 
E) 40 
A) 60 
B) 100 
C) 83 
D) 160 
E) 40

Question 11

Which of the following elements would be expected to be particularly stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { c } 
12 \
6
\end{array}$ C 
B)  10
5 B 
C)  11
4 Be 
D)  9
3 Li 
A)  $\begin{array} { c } 
12 \
6
\end{array}$ C 
B)  10
5 B 
C)  11
4 Be 
D)  9
3 Li

Question 12

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by $ { }_{26}^{55} \mathrm{Fe} $

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
55 \
27
\end{array}$ Co 
B)  $\begin{array} { l } 
55 \
25
\end{array}$ Mn 
C)  $\begin{array} { l } 
56 \
27
\end{array}$ Co 
D)  54
25 Mn 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
51 \
24
\end{array}$ Cr 
A)  $\begin{array} { l } 
55 \
27
\end{array}$ Co 
B)  $\begin{array} { l } 
55 \
25
\end{array}$ Mn 
C)  $\begin{array} { l } 
56 \
27
\end{array}$ Co 
D)  54
25 Mn 
E)  $\begin{array} { l } 
51 \
24
\end{array}$ Cr

Question 13

Strontium-90 is a byproduct in nuclear reactors fuelled by the radioisotope uranium-235.The $\text { half-life }$ of $\text { strontium-90 }$ is 28.8 y.What percentage of a strontium-90 sample remains after 85.0 y.?

Accepted Answer

A) 33.9% 
B) 2.95% 
C) 87.1% 
D) 0.129% 
E) 12.9% 
A) 33.9% 
B) 2.95% 
C) 87.1% 
D) 0.129% 
E) 12.9%

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Positrons are similar in ionizing power and penetrating power to alpha particles. 
B) A positron is the antiparticle of the protons. 
C) Alpha particles are the heaviest particles of radioactive decay and as such have the highest penetrating power. 
D) An alpha particle is a helium 2+ ion. 
E) A simultaneous emission of alpha and beta rays is called gamma radiation. 
A) Positrons are similar in ionizing power and penetrating power to alpha particles. 
B) A positron is the antiparticle of the protons. 
C) Alpha particles are the heaviest particles of radioactive decay and as such have the highest penetrating power. 
D) An alpha particle is a helium 2+ ion. 
E) A simultaneous emission of alpha and beta rays is called gamma radiation.

Question 15

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 224} $ Ra.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array} { c } 
223 \
87
\end{array}$ Fr 
B)  $\begin{array} { c } 
225 \
89
\end{array}$ Ac 
C)  ${ } _ {84 } ^ { 222 } $ Po 
D)  ${ } _ { 90} ^ { 228} $ Th 
E)  $\begin{array} { c } 
220 \
86
\end{array}$ Rn 
A)  $\begin{array} { c } 
223 \
87
\end{array}$ Fr 
B)  $\begin{array} { c } 
225 \
89
\end{array}$ Ac 
C)  ${ } _ {84 } ^ { 222 } $ Po 
D)  ${ } _ { 90} ^ { 228} $ Th 
E)  $\begin{array} { c } 
220 \
86
\end{array}$ Rn

Question 16

Why is an alpha emitter much more harmful if it is ingested than when applied to the skin?

Accepted Answer

Alpha emitters have the highest ionizing

Question 17

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during positron emission.

Accepted Answer

A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change. 
A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 18

The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating.If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants,how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.92 × 104 years 
B) 1.94 × 104 years 
C) 8.92 × 103 years 
D) 5.31 × 103 years 
E) 1.74 × 102 years 
A) 2.92 × 104 years 
B) 1.94 × 104 years 
C) 8.92 × 103 years 
D) 5.31 × 103 years 
E) 1.74 × 102 years

Question 19

Above what atomic number are there no stable isotopes of any element?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 92 
C) 83 
D) 40 
E) 89 
A) 20 
B) 92 
C) 83 
D) 40 
E) 89

Question 20

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } $ U.

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 92 } ^ { 237 } \mathrm { U }$ 
B)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Np}$ 
C)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 90 } ^ { 234 } \mathrm { Th }$ 
D)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Pa}$ 
E)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Pa}$ 
A)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 92 } ^ { 237 } \mathrm { U }$ 
B)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Np}$ 
C)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 90 } ^ { 234 } \mathrm { Th }$ 
D)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Pa}$ 
E)  ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Pa}$

Exam 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 3617Cl { }_{36}^{17} \mathrm{Cl} 3617​Cl

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during alpha decay.

List two problems associated with nuclear power.

A rock contains 0.413 mg of lead-206 for each milligram of uranium-238.The half-life \text { half-life } half-life for the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 is 4.5 × 109 y.The rock was formed ________ y.ago.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 918F { }_{9}^{18} \mathrm{F} 918​F

Nuclides below the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

Carbon-11 is used in medical imaging.The half-life of this radioisotope is 20.4 min.What percentage of a sample remains after 50.0 min?

The nuclide As-76 has a half-life of 26.0 hours.If a sample of As-76 weighs 344 g,what mass of As-76 remains after 538 minutes?

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during gamma ray emission.

Atoms with Z > ________ are radioactive and decay in one or more steps involving mostly alpha and beta decay.

Which of the following elements would be expected to be particularly stable?

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 2655Fe { }_{26}^{55} \mathrm{Fe} 2655​Fe

Strontium-90 is a byproduct in nuclear reactors fuelled by the radioisotope uranium-235.The half-life \text { half-life } half-life of strontium-90 \text { strontium-90 } strontium-90 is 28.8 y.What percentage of a strontium-90 sample remains after 85.0 y.?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 88224{ } _ { 88 } ^ { 224} 88224​ Ra.

Why is an alpha emitter much more harmful if it is ingested than when applied to the skin?

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during positron emission.

The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating.If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants,how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.

Above what atomic number are there no stable isotopes of any element?

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 92238{ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } 92238​ U.

Units of Measurement for Physical and Chemical Change

Atoms and Elements

Molecules,compounds,and Nomenclature

Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

Gases

Thermochemistry

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Chemical Bonding I: Lewis Theory

Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory

Liquids, solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium

Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Organic Chemistry I: Structures

Organic Chemistry II: Reactions

Biochemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Metals and Metallurgy

Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

Filters

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{36}^{17} \mathrm{Cl}$

A rock contains 0.413 mg of lead-206 for each milligram of uranium-238.The $\text { half-life }$ for the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 is 4.5 × 10⁹ y.The rock was formed ________ y.ago.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{9}^{18} \mathrm{F}$

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{26}^{55} \mathrm{Fe}$

Strontium-90 is a byproduct in nuclear reactors fuelled by the radioisotope uranium-235.The $\text { half-life }$ of $\text { strontium-90 }$ is 28.8 y.What percentage of a strontium-90 sample remains after 85.0 y.?

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 224}$ Ra.

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 }$ U.