Question 1

How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes down. 
D) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B 
A) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes down. 
D) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B

Question 2

Each circle represents an atom. Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

Accepted Answer

A) element: A, C; compound: A, B, C; mixture: A, B 
B) element: C; compound: A, B; mixture: B 
C) element: A, C; compound: A, B; mixture: A 
D) element: A, C; compound: A, B; mixture: A, B 
A) element: A, C; compound: A, B, C; mixture: A, B 
B) element: C; compound: A, B; mixture: B 
C) element: A, C; compound: A, B; mixture: A 
D) element: A, C; compound: A, B; mixture: A, B

Question 3

How many moles of water are there in 100. grams of water?

Accepted Answer

A) 1800 moles 
B) 100 moles 
C) 0.018 moles 
D) 5.55 moles 
A) 1800 moles 
B) 100 moles 
C) 0.018 moles 
D) 5.55 moles

Question 4

A sample of water that is 99.9999 percent pure contains 0.0001 percent impurities. Consider from Chapter 1 that a glass of water contains on the order of a trillion trillion (1 × 1024)molecules. If 0.0001 percent of these molecules were the molecules of some impurity, about how many impurity molecules would this be?

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 (one thousand: 1 × 103) 
B) 1,000,000 (one million: 1 × 106) 
C) 1,000,000,000 (one billion: 1 × 109) 
D) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (one million trillion: 1 × 1018) 
A) 1000 (one thousand: 1 × 103) 
B) 1,000,000 (one million: 1 × 106) 
C) 1,000,000,000 (one billion: 1 × 109) 
D) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (one million trillion: 1 × 1018)

Question 5

Classify the following as element, compound, or mixture, and justify your classifications: table salt, stainless steel, table sugar, aluminum, ice.

Accepted Answer

A) mixture; element; compound; element; element 
B) compound; mixture; compound element; compound 
C) mixture; compound; mixture; element; compound 
D) compound; element; compound; element; compound 
A) mixture; element; compound; element; element 
B) compound; mixture; compound element; compound 
C) mixture; compound; mixture; element; compound 
D) compound; element; compound; element; compound

Question 6

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A) They both consist of atoms from different elements. 
B) The way in which their atoms are bonded together. 
C) One is a solid and the other is a liquid. 
D) The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together. 
A) They both consist of atoms from different elements. 
B) The way in which their atoms are bonded together. 
C) One is a solid and the other is a liquid. 
D) The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.

Question 7

How is most of the energy required for secondary waste water treatment consumed?

Accepted Answer

A) as electricity to power air pumps for aeration 
B) as electricity to illuminate UV lamps 
C) as heat to run distillation equipment 
D) as electricity to power hydraulic pumps for reverse osmosis 
E) none of the above 
A) as electricity to power air pumps for aeration 
B) as electricity to illuminate UV lamps 
C) as heat to run distillation equipment 
D) as electricity to power hydraulic pumps for reverse osmosis 
E) none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following picture might best describe a soap or detergent?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) none of the above 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) none of the above

Question 9

What is the first step in treating raw sewage?

Accepted Answer

A) filtration of solids 
B) removal of fine particles by settling 
C) removal of grit by settling 
D) removal of sludge 
E) disinfection 
A) filtration of solids 
B) removal of fine particles by settling 
C) removal of grit by settling 
D) removal of sludge 
E) disinfection

Question 10

Why might softened water not be good for some one who is trying to reduce their dietary sodium ion intake?

Accepted Answer

A) The potassium used in the softener to replace the calcium and magnesium ions increases the sodium retention in the body. 
B) Water softeners work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions of the water with sodium ions; softened water contains increased levels of sodium ions. 
C) The softened water leaches sodium from the body, so a person might not be getting the dietary recommended levels of sodium. 
D) A person needs a certain level of calcium and magnesium in the water to help excrete the sodium from their body. 
A) The potassium used in the softener to replace the calcium and magnesium ions increases the sodium retention in the body. 
B) Water softeners work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions of the water with sodium ions; softened water contains increased levels of sodium ions. 
C) The softened water leaches sodium from the body, so a person might not be getting the dietary recommended levels of sodium. 
D) A person needs a certain level of calcium and magnesium in the water to help excrete the sodium from their body.

Question 11

What makes a semipermeable membrane selective for one chemical species but not another?

Accepted Answer

A) The pores in the membrane select by size, they are big enough for water only. 
B) The material is hydrophilic and therefore only allows water through. 
C) The material is hydrophobic and therefore only allows water through. 
D) The material chemically reacts with everything but water. 
E) none of the above 
A) The pores in the membrane select by size, they are big enough for water only. 
B) The material is hydrophilic and therefore only allows water through. 
C) The material is hydrophobic and therefore only allows water through. 
D) The material chemically reacts with everything but water. 
E) none of the above

Question 12

When blue food coloring is stirred into water, the result is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) homogeneous mixture called a solution 
B) homogeneous mixture called a suspension 
C) heterogeneous mixture called a solution 
D) heterogeneous mixture called a suspension 
E) pure liquid 
A) homogeneous mixture called a solution 
B) homogeneous mixture called a suspension 
C) heterogeneous mixture called a solution 
D) heterogeneous mixture called a suspension 
E) pure liquid

Question 13

Based on atomic size, which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium, He, or nitrogen, N2?

Accepted Answer

A) Although He is smaller, its outer orbital is filled and the atom will have little attraction to the water molecules. 
B) Since He atoms are smaller, more of them can fit into solution, so it has a higher solubility in water. 
C) Nitrogen atoms are bigger and so nitrogen molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
D) He atoms are bigger and so helium molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
A) Although He is smaller, its outer orbital is filled and the atom will have little attraction to the water molecules. 
B) Since He atoms are smaller, more of them can fit into solution, so it has a higher solubility in water. 
C) Nitrogen atoms are bigger and so nitrogen molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
D) He atoms are bigger and so helium molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions.

Question 14

How does the purchase and use of a home beverage carbonator help to minimize carbon dioxide emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows the consumer to avoid using commercial sodas that require much gasoline for shipping. 
B) Home carbonators are more efficient at forcing the carbon dioxide into solution. 
C) Industrial carbonators are driven by mechanical pumps that require large amounts of gasoline in order to operate. 
D) False. Home carbonators have the net effect of producing more carbon dioxide per liter of carbonate water. 
A) It allows the consumer to avoid using commercial sodas that require much gasoline for shipping. 
B) Home carbonators are more efficient at forcing the carbon dioxide into solution. 
C) Industrial carbonators are driven by mechanical pumps that require large amounts of gasoline in order to operate. 
D) False. Home carbonators have the net effect of producing more carbon dioxide per liter of carbonate water.

Question 15

A combination of two or more substances in which they no longer retain their chemical properties is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) mixture 
B) compound 
C) heterogeneous mixture 
D) periodic trend 
E) suspension 
A) mixture 
B) compound 
C) heterogeneous mixture 
D) periodic trend 
E) suspension

Question 16

If the solubility of a compound is 72 grams per liter, how many grams of the compound will dissolve in 0.50 liters?

Accepted Answer

A) 36 g 
B) 72 g 
C) 144 g 
D) 30 g 
E) none of the above 
A) 36 g 
B) 72 g 
C) 144 g 
D) 30 g 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Why might sodium carbonate (washing soda, Na2CO3)be added to hard water to aid in cleaning?

Accepted Answer

A) The hard ions in the water are more attracted to the carbonate ions -2 charge. 
B) The hard ions are dissolved by the added sodium ions. 
C) The soap gets softer due to the added ions. 
D) The ions solubilize the soap due to ion-ion intermolecular attraction, which improves the cleaning ability. 
E) none of the above 
A) The hard ions in the water are more attracted to the carbonate ions -2 charge. 
B) The hard ions are dissolved by the added sodium ions. 
C) The soap gets softer due to the added ions. 
D) The ions solubilize the soap due to ion-ion intermolecular attraction, which improves the cleaning ability. 
E) none of the above

Question 18

Allowing water to cascade or bubble in a fountain during the purification process is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a gas dissolving in a liquid 
B) a chemical reaction 
C) ion exchange 
D) a solid dissolving in a liquid 
E) only a and b 
A) a gas dissolving in a liquid 
B) a chemical reaction 
C) ion exchange 
D) a solid dissolving in a liquid 
E) only a and b

Question 19

Where does most of the solid mass of raw sewage end up after being collected at a treatment facility?

Accepted Answer

A) It is injected into the water table. 
B) It is buried in landfills. 
C) It is sold to farmers for fertilizer. 
D) It is tapped for the generation of methane gas. 
A) It is injected into the water table. 
B) It is buried in landfills. 
C) It is sold to farmers for fertilizer. 
D) It is tapped for the generation of methane gas.

Question 20

Which solute graphed above has a solubility in water that does not markedly increase with increasing temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) NaNO3 
B) LiCl 
C) KCl 
D) NaCl 
A) NaNO3 
B) LiCl 
C) KCl 
D) NaCl

Exam 16: Mixtures

How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature?

Each circle represents an atom. Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

How many moles of water are there in 100. grams of water?

Classify the following as element, compound, or mixture, and justify your classifications: table salt, stainless steel, table sugar, aluminum, ice.

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

How is most of the energy required for secondary waste water treatment consumed?

Which of the following picture might best describe a soap or detergent?

What is the first step in treating raw sewage?

Why might softened water not be good for some one who is trying to reduce their dietary sodium ion intake?

What makes a semipermeable membrane selective for one chemical species but not another?

When blue food coloring is stirred into water, the result is a ________.

Based on atomic size, which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium, He, or nitrogen, N2?

How does the purchase and use of a home beverage carbonator help to minimize carbon dioxide emissions?

A combination of two or more substances in which they no longer retain their chemical properties is called a(n)________.

If the solubility of a compound is 72 grams per liter, how many grams of the compound will dissolve in 0.50 liters?

Why might sodium carbonate (washing soda, Na2CO3)be added to hard water to aid in cleaning?

Allowing water to cascade or bubble in a fountain during the purification process is an example of ________.

Where does most of the solid mass of raw sewage end up after being collected at a treatment facility?

Which solute graphed above has a solubility in water that does not markedly increase with increasing temperature?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters

Based on atomic size, which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium, He, or nitrogen, N₂?

Why might sodium carbonate (washing soda, Na₂CO₃)be added to hard water to aid in cleaning?