Question 1

Describe what usually happens to a hot solution that is saturated with a solid as it cools.

Accepted Answer

A) The solid that is dissolved comes out of the solution completely. 
B) The solid stays in the solution. 
C) Some of the solid comes out of the solution. 
D) The solution freezes. 
E) The solution solidifies. 
A) The solid that is dissolved comes out of the solution completely. 
B) The solid stays in the solution. 
C) Some of the solid comes out of the solution. 
D) The solution freezes. 
E) The solution solidifies.

Question 2

In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water, which is the solute?

Accepted Answer

A) sugar 
B) water 
C) the teaspoon 
D) both sugar and water 
E) none of the above 
A) sugar 
B) water 
C) the teaspoon 
D) both sugar and water 
E) none of the above

Question 3

What is an advantage of using chlorine gas to disinfect drinking water supplies?

Accepted Answer

A) It provides residual protection against pathogens. 
B) It gives the water a fresh taste. 
C) Residual chlorine in water helps to whiten teeth. 
D) Excess chlorine is absorbed in our bodies as a mineral supplement. 
A) It provides residual protection against pathogens. 
B) It gives the water a fresh taste. 
C) Residual chlorine in water helps to whiten teeth. 
D) Excess chlorine is absorbed in our bodies as a mineral supplement.

Question 4

Which of the following solutions is the most dilute?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 0.2 liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) 1 liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration. 
A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 0.2 liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) 1 liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration.

Question 5

The following image represents which kind of matter?

Accepted Answer

A) a mixture 
B) a compound 
C) an element 
D) none of the above 
E) all of the above 
A) a mixture 
B) a compound 
C) an element 
D) none of the above 
E) all of the above

Question 6

If you need 10 moles of sucrose, how many liters of a 4.0 molar solution would you need?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.5 L 
B) 0.25 L 
C) 25 L 
D) 10. L 
E) none of the above 
A) 2.5 L 
B) 0.25 L 
C) 25 L 
D) 10. L 
E) none of the above

Question 7

When you set a pot of tap water on the stove to boil, you'll often see bubbles start to form well before boiling temperature is ever reached. Explain this observation.

Accepted Answer

A) These are dissolved salts heating up and escaping from the water. 
B) These bubbles are formed as the surrounding gases from the air dissolve into the water as it is heated. 
C) They are very minute pockets of water in the gaseous phase. When they get large enough, the water will boil as this gas escapes. 
D) These initial bubbles are the gases that were dissolved in the water coming out of solution. The solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature. 
A) These are dissolved salts heating up and escaping from the water. 
B) These bubbles are formed as the surrounding gases from the air dissolve into the water as it is heated. 
C) They are very minute pockets of water in the gaseous phase. When they get large enough, the water will boil as this gas escapes. 
D) These initial bubbles are the gases that were dissolved in the water coming out of solution. The solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following describes reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) High pressure saltwater is forced against a semipermeable membrane and fresh water comes out. 
B) Saltwater is chemically reacted with aluminum particles, which chemically binds to the chloride ions. 
C) The water is heated until it evaporates and condenses in a pure form. 
D) High pressure saltwater is reacted with aluminum, which absorbs the sodium ions in an oxidation reaction. 
E) none of the above 
A) High pressure saltwater is forced against a semipermeable membrane and fresh water comes out. 
B) Saltwater is chemically reacted with aluminum particles, which chemically binds to the chloride ions. 
C) The water is heated until it evaporates and condenses in a pure form. 
D) High pressure saltwater is reacted with aluminum, which absorbs the sodium ions in an oxidation reaction. 
E) none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 2 liters of water with 0.2 gram of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 50 grams of sugar 
D) 3 liters of water with 30 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration. 
A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 2 liters of water with 0.2 gram of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 50 grams of sugar 
D) 3 liters of water with 30 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration.

Question 10

Under which of the following conditions would you expect the highest solubility of oxygen gas in water?

Accepted Answer

A) high temperature and low O2 pressure above the solution 
B) low temperature and high O2 pressure above the solution 
C) low temperature and low O2 pressure above the solution 
D) high temperature and high O2 pressure above the solution 
E) The O2 solubility is independent of temperature and pressure. 
A) high temperature and low O2 pressure above the solution 
B) low temperature and high O2 pressure above the solution 
C) low temperature and low O2 pressure above the solution 
D) high temperature and high O2 pressure above the solution 
E) The O2 solubility is independent of temperature and pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following would cost the least to purify by reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) agricultural runoff 
B) sea water 
C) brackish water 
D) All of the above are the same. 
E) None of the above can be purified by reverse osmosis. 
A) agricultural runoff 
B) sea water 
C) brackish water 
D) All of the above are the same. 
E) None of the above can be purified by reverse osmosis.

Question 12

How many moles of sugar, C12H22O11, are there in 200. grams?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.585 moles 
B) 68,400 moles 
C) 1.71 moles 
D) 0.684 moles 
A) 0.585 moles 
B) 68,400 moles 
C) 1.71 moles 
D) 0.684 moles

Question 13

Why is flushing a toilet with clean water from a municipal supply about as wasteful as flushing it with bottled water?

Accepted Answer

A) Bottled water is typically made from municipal water. 
B) Municipal water and bottle water have about the same level of purity. 
C) Both the bottled water and municipal water are generally free of pathogens. 
D) all of the above 
A) Bottled water is typically made from municipal water. 
B) Municipal water and bottle water have about the same level of purity. 
C) Both the bottled water and municipal water are generally free of pathogens. 
D) all of the above

Question 14

Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?

Accepted Answer

A) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because intense tropical storms mix up the atmospheric oxygen into the ocean water. 
B) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the colder oxygen would "sink" and dissolve into the water. 
C) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because the heated oxygen molecules in the air would collide with and mix into the water. 
D) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature. 
A) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because intense tropical storms mix up the atmospheric oxygen into the ocean water. 
B) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the colder oxygen would "sink" and dissolve into the water. 
C) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because the heated oxygen molecules in the air would collide with and mix into the water. 
D) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature.

Question 15

How would you classify the following material? milk

Accepted Answer

A) a suspension 
B) a heterogeneous mixture 
C) a solution 
D) an element 
E) a compound 
A) a suspension 
B) a heterogeneous mixture 
C) a solution 
D) an element 
E) a compound

Question 16

Which of the following is a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

A) baking soda 
B) salt water 
C) cooking oil 
D) duct tape 
E) orange juice 
A) baking soda 
B) salt water 
C) cooking oil 
D) duct tape 
E) orange juice

Question 17

Why isn't distillation used commercially to purify water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water requires large amounts of energy to boil affordably. 
B) Bacteria are not killed during the distillation process. 
C) Odd smelling contaminants boil at lower temperatures than water and so are impossible to remove. 
D) Distillation does not remove suspended particles such as dirt and humus. 
E) none of the above 
A) Water requires large amounts of energy to boil affordably. 
B) Bacteria are not killed during the distillation process. 
C) Odd smelling contaminants boil at lower temperatures than water and so are impossible to remove. 
D) Distillation does not remove suspended particles such as dirt and humus. 
E) none of the above

Question 18

How is the solubility of a gas affected by temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up, the solubility stays the same. 
D) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B 
A) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up, the solubility stays the same. 
D) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B

Question 19

Why is it important to conserve fresh water?

Accepted Answer

A) There is little fresh water available to us on our planet. 
B) As the human population grows, so does our need for fresh water. 
C) It is expensive to purify nonpotable water. 
D) all of the above 
A) There is little fresh water available to us on our planet. 
B) As the human population grows, so does our need for fresh water. 
C) It is expensive to purify nonpotable water. 
D) all of the above

Question 20

What is the purpose of adding aluminum salts and a base to water during water treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) The two together gel and trap dirt and bacteria. 
B) The higher pH kills bacteria. 
C) The aluminum removes the rust taste from the water 
D) The base dissolves the dirt. 
E) It improves the taste. 
A) The two together gel and trap dirt and bacteria. 
B) The higher pH kills bacteria. 
C) The aluminum removes the rust taste from the water 
D) The base dissolves the dirt. 
E) It improves the taste.

Exam 16: Mixtures

Describe what usually happens to a hot solution that is saturated with a solid as it cools.

In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water, which is the solute?

What is an advantage of using chlorine gas to disinfect drinking water supplies?

Which of the following solutions is the most dilute?

The following image represents which kind of matter?

If you need 10 moles of sucrose, how many liters of a 4.0 molar solution would you need?

When you set a pot of tap water on the stove to boil, you'll often see bubbles start to form well before boiling temperature is ever reached. Explain this observation.

Which of the following describes reverse osmosis?

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Under which of the following conditions would you expect the highest solubility of oxygen gas in water?

Which of the following would cost the least to purify by reverse osmosis?

How many moles of sugar, C12H22O11, are there in 200. grams?

Why is flushing a toilet with clean water from a municipal supply about as wasteful as flushing it with bottled water?

Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?

How would you classify the following material? milk

Which of the following is a pure substance?

Why isn't distillation used commercially to purify water?

How is the solubility of a gas affected by temperature?

Why is it important to conserve fresh water?

What is the purpose of adding aluminum salts and a base to water during water treatment?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters

How many moles of sugar, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, are there in 200. grams?