Question 1

Which atom is smallest?

Accepted Answer

A) Be 
B) Mg 
C) Ca 
D) Sr 
E) All are the same size. 
A) Be 
B) Mg 
C) Ca 
D) Sr 
E) All are the same size.

Question 2

The repeating trends that take place when examining the elements are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) periodicity 
B) the family cycle 
C) the metal shift 
D) a group conscience 
E) none of the above 
A) periodicity 
B) the family cycle 
C) the metal shift 
D) a group conscience 
E) none of the above

Question 3

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

Accepted Answer

A) Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size. 
B) Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size. 
C) Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom. 
D) Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom. 
A) Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size. 
B) Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size. 
C) Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom. 
D) Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

Question 4

How is it possible to deduce the identity of an element from its electron configuration?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of occupied shells corresponds to the atom's atomic number. 
B) If the atom is electrically neutral, the number of electrons corresponds to the atom's atomic number. 
C) Using the periodic table, the outermost occupied shell indicates the group while the number of occupied shells indicates the period. 
D) An electron configuration is unique to each element, much like its atomic spectrum. 
A) The number of occupied shells corresponds to the atom's atomic number. 
B) If the atom is electrically neutral, the number of electrons corresponds to the atom's atomic number. 
C) Using the periodic table, the outermost occupied shell indicates the group while the number of occupied shells indicates the period. 
D) An electron configuration is unique to each element, much like its atomic spectrum.

Question 5

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 atomic mass units and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 atomic mass units, what is the atomic mass of the element?

Accepted Answer

A) 81.0 atomic mass units 
B) 64.0 atomic mass units 
C) 80.4 atomic mass units 
D) 16.4 atomic mass units 
E) 81.6 atomic mass units 
A) 81.0 atomic mass units 
B) 64.0 atomic mass units 
C) 80.4 atomic mass units 
D) 16.4 atomic mass units 
E) 81.6 atomic mass units

Question 6

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

Accepted Answer

A) argon (Ar) 
B) lead (Pb) 
C) chlorine (Cl) 
D) indium (In) 
E) lithium (Li) 
A) argon (Ar) 
B) lead (Pb) 
C) chlorine (Cl) 
D) indium (In) 
E) lithium (Li)

Question 7

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 13 
D) 7 
E) none of the above 
A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 13 
D) 7 
E) none of the above

Question 8

What does the following element description actually mean? hydrogen-2

Accepted Answer

A) a hydrogen with one neutron and one proton 
B) a hydrogen with two neutrons 
C) a hydrogen with two protons 
D) a molecule of hydrogen gas 
E) two hydrogen atoms 
A) a hydrogen with one neutron and one proton 
B) a hydrogen with two neutrons 
C) a hydrogen with two protons 
D) a molecule of hydrogen gas 
E) two hydrogen atoms

Question 9

Considering how small atoms are, what are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath?

Accepted Answer

A) not very likely because atoms are constantly dematerializing 
B) not possible at all because atom don't last that long 
C) very probable because of how incredibly small atoms are 
D) There's not really a way that scientists are able to make such an estimate. 
A) not very likely because atoms are constantly dematerializing 
B) not possible at all because atom don't last that long 
C) very probable because of how incredibly small atoms are 
D) There's not really a way that scientists are able to make such an estimate.

Question 10

Which of the following does not describe a neutron?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's. 
B) It is much more massive than an electron. 
C) It is a nucleon. 
D) It is often associated with protons. 
E) It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron. 
A) It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's. 
B) It is much more massive than an electron. 
C) It is a nucleon. 
D) It is often associated with protons. 
E) It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron.

Question 11

What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom. 
B) Electrons could not move in an atom. 
C) Any photon could excite an electron. 
D) Only certain photons with the correct energy could excite the quanta in the nucleus. 
E) Nucleons could be excited by different electron energies. 
A) Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom. 
B) Electrons could not move in an atom. 
C) Any photon could excite an electron. 
D) Only certain photons with the correct energy could excite the quanta in the nucleus. 
E) Nucleons could be excited by different electron energies.

Question 12

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is located outside of the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) an electron 
B) a proton 
C) a neutron 
D) A and B 
E) B and C 
A) an electron 
B) a proton 
C) a neutron 
D) A and B 
E) B and C

Question 13

The shell model presented in this book is not very accurate. Why then is it presented?

Accepted Answer

A) It reminds us that the study of matter relates to the solar system. 
B) Most instructors are not good enough artists to duplicate the complicated artwork of true model on the chalk board for explanation purposes. 
C) The shell model is derived from classical physics, which is still the most widely accepted approach to understanding atomic theory. 
D) The shell model is simpler and easy to understand. 
A) It reminds us that the study of matter relates to the solar system. 
B) Most instructors are not good enough artists to duplicate the complicated artwork of true model on the chalk board for explanation purposes. 
C) The shell model is derived from classical physics, which is still the most widely accepted approach to understanding atomic theory. 
D) The shell model is simpler and easy to understand.

Question 14

Which of the following might best explain the reason why electrons are restricted to certain energy levels in an atom?

Accepted Answer

A) They behave like restricted waves and are self-reinforcing. 
B) They are travelling at very high speeds. 
C) They are interacting with the light around the atom. 
D) They are out of phase and self-destruct when outside of distinct energy regions. 
E) They behave like chaotic waves of alternating frequency. 
A) They behave like restricted waves and are self-reinforcing. 
B) They are travelling at very high speeds. 
C) They are interacting with the light around the atom. 
D) They are out of phase and self-destruct when outside of distinct energy regions. 
E) They behave like chaotic waves of alternating frequency.

Question 15

What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 28 amu. 
B) A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 32 amu. 
C) A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu. 
D) A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 22 amu. 
A) A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 28 amu. 
B) A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 32 amu. 
C) A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu. 
D) A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 22 amu.

Question 16

Which has more atoms: a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 or a 1-gram sample of carbon-13?

Accepted Answer

A) More information is needed. 
B) a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 
C) a 1-gram sample of carbon-13 
D) They have the same number of atoms. 
A) More information is needed. 
B) a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 
C) a 1-gram sample of carbon-13 
D) They have the same number of atoms.

Question 17

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements. 
B) That would be too much of a coincidence. 
C) The atomic masses are average atomic masses. 
D) Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places. 
A) Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements. 
B) That would be too much of a coincidence. 
C) The atomic masses are average atomic masses. 
D) Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

Question 18

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: the brain; the mind; the solar system; the beginning of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) conceptual; physical; conceptual physical 
B) conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual 
C) physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual 
D) physical; physical; physical; physical 
A) conceptual; physical; conceptual physical 
B) conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual 
C) physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual 
D) physical; physical; physical; physical

Question 19

If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed (if any)?

Accepted Answer

A) Ir 
B) Au 
C) Re 
D) Au-2 
E) Tl 
A) Ir 
B) Au 
C) Re 
D) Au-2 
E) Tl

Question 20

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

Accepted Answer

A) The neutron is nearly massless. 
B) The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton. 
C) The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers. 
D) The neutron lacks an electrical charge. 
A) The neutron is nearly massless. 
B) The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton. 
C) The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers. 
D) The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

Exam 12: Atoms and the Periodic Table

Which atom is smallest?

The repeating trends that take place when examining the elements are called ________.

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

How is it possible to deduce the identity of an element from its electron configuration?

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 atomic mass units and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 atomic mass units, what is the atomic mass of the element?

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13

What does the following element description actually mean? hydrogen-2

Considering how small atoms are, what are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath?

Which of the following does not describe a neutron?

What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra?

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is located outside of the nucleus.

The shell model presented in this book is not very accurate. Why then is it presented?

Which of the following might best explain the reason why electrons are restricted to certain energy levels in an atom?

What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule?

Which has more atoms: a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 or a 1-gram sample of carbon-13?

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: the brain; the mind; the solar system; the beginning of the universe?

If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed (if any)?

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

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