Question 1

Humans have a total of 46 alleles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

__________ describes the process that allows the selection of certain traits of one sex because of advantages they confer in winning mates.

Accepted Answer

A) Mitosis 
B) Genotype 
C) Directional selection 
D) Sexual selection 
E) Independent assortment 
A) Mitosis 
B) Genotype 
C) Directional selection 
D) Sexual selection 
E) Independent assortment D

Question 3

Discuss at least three characteristics of evolution that qualify it as a scientific theory.

Accepted Answer

1. Testable and Falsifiable: Evolution as a scientific theory is testable and falsifiable, meaning that it can be subjected to empirical testing and potentially proven false. Through the use of various scientific methods and techniques, researchers can gather evidence to support or refute the theory of evolution. This characteristic is essential in distinguishing scientific theories from mere speculation or belief.

2. Consistent with Empirical Evidence: Evolution is supported by a vast amount of empirical evidence from various scientific disciplines, including paleontology, genetics, and comparative anatomy. Fossil records, DNA analysis, and anatomical similarities among different species all provide compelling evidence for the process of evolution. The theory is consistent with the observed patterns in the natural world, and new discoveries continue to strengthen its validity.

3. Predictive Power: Evolutionary theory has predictive power, meaning that it can be used to make testable predictions about future discoveries or observations. For example, based on the principles of evolution, scientists can predict the existence of transitional fossils or the genetic similarities between related species. The ability to make accurate predictions based on the theory's principles further demonstrates its scientific validity.

In conclusion, the testability, empirical support, and predictive capabilities of evolution qualify it as a scientific theory. These characteristics are fundamental to the scientific method and distinguish evolution from non-scientific explanations for the diversity of life on Earth.

Question 4

Discuss Charles Darwin's major contributions to the study of life forms.Discuss what was new about Darwin's views, and what others had previously proposed.

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin made major contributions

Question 5

Human populations living in temperate, northern climates generally have light skin color because it

Accepted Answer

A) helps to prevent rickets. 
B) exists in a balanced polymorphism. 
C) helps to prevent sickle-cell anemia. 
D) helps to protect against skin cancer. 
E) protects against hypervitaminosis 
A) helps to prevent rickets. 
B) exists in a balanced polymorphism. 
C) helps to prevent sickle-cell anemia. 
D) helps to protect against skin cancer. 
E) protects against hypervitaminosis

Question 6

Explain how the modern anthropological approach to the study of human biological diversity differs from racial classification,

Accepted Answer

The modern anthropological approach to t

Question 7

Natural selection cannot work without

Accepted Answer

A) a stable environment. 
B) basic similarity in the target organisms. 
C) constant gene frequencies. 
D) variation. 
E) homeostasis. 
A) a stable environment. 
B) basic similarity in the target organisms. 
C) constant gene frequencies. 
D) variation. 
E) homeostasis.

Question 8

__________ are gradual genetic shifts are found among human population.

Accepted Answer

A) Mutations 
B) Alleles 
C) Clines 
D) Genotypes 
E) Balanced polymorphisms 
A) Mutations 
B) Alleles 
C) Clines 
D) Genotypes 
E) Balanced polymorphisms

Question 9

The example that the heterozygote HbS HbA, one sickle-cell allele and one normal one, was maintained in some populations as the fittest phenotype for a malarial environment demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) genetic drift. 
C) phenotypical adaptation. 
D) recombination. 
E) balanced polymorphism. 
A) mutation. 
B) genetic drift. 
C) phenotypical adaptation. 
D) recombination. 
E) balanced polymorphism.

Question 10

The simple definition of evolution is

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) mutations in a breeding population. 
C) descent with modification. 
D) the process of achieving a perfect fit to the environment. 
E) competition over strategic resources. 
A) natural selection. 
B) mutations in a breeding population. 
C) descent with modification. 
D) the process of achieving a perfect fit to the environment. 
E) competition over strategic resources.

Question 11

Phenotypical adaptation is made possible by biological plasticity - the ability to change in response to the environments humans encounter as they grow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain why differences exist in skin pigmentation among human populations around the world.

Accepted Answer

The differences in skin pigmentation amo

Question 13

The theory of creationism argues that natural selection of the fittest individuals created all species that are present today.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

__________ is not one of the primary mechanisms of genetic evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) Gene flow 
B) Natural selection 
C) Independent assortment 
D) Mutation 
E) Genetic drift 
A) Gene flow 
B) Natural selection 
C) Independent assortment 
D) Mutation 
E) Genetic drift

Question 15

Discuss some of the problems underlying phenotype-based racial classifications.

Accepted Answer

Phenotype-based racial classifications h

Question 16

Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Some populations like the Polynesians, the San, or the people of northern India have phenotypes that do not fit neatly into "standard" racial categories, which suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) it is best to classify humans into a large number of racial categories. 
B) phenotypical variation between human populations involves gradual shifts across different geographic zones. 
C) these populations must have originated sometime before the major racial groups originated. 
D) traditional concepts of race need to be reworked so that they are more exclusive. 
E) there has been a lot of gene flow in the time since the origin of the three major human races. 
A) it is best to classify humans into a large number of racial categories. 
B) phenotypical variation between human populations involves gradual shifts across different geographic zones. 
C) these populations must have originated sometime before the major racial groups originated. 
D) traditional concepts of race need to be reworked so that they are more exclusive. 
E) there has been a lot of gene flow in the time since the origin of the three major human races.

Question 18

The relationship between the alleles that determine our blood types is

Accepted Answer

A) dominant and recessive 
B) dominant, recessive, and codominant 
C) F2 directional selection 
D) cogenotypes 
E) core combination 
A) dominant and recessive 
B) dominant, recessive, and codominant 
C) F2 directional selection 
D) cogenotypes 
E) core combination

Question 19

Natural selection acts on

Accepted Answer

A) heterozygous individuals. 
B) the phenotypes of organisms. 
C) the genotypes of organisms. 
D) DNA. 
E) Mitochondrial DNA. 
A) heterozygous individuals. 
B) the phenotypes of organisms. 
C) the genotypes of organisms. 
D) DNA. 
E) Mitochondrial DNA.

Question 20

__________ plays a role in determining skin color.

Accepted Answer

A) The HbS allele 
B) Ultraviolet radiation 
C) Sickle-cell anemia 
D) Lactose intolerance 
E) Lactose tolerance 
A) The HbS allele 
B) Ultraviolet radiation 
C) Sickle-cell anemia 
D) Lactose intolerance 
E) Lactose tolerance

Humans have a total of 46 alleles.

__________ describes the process that allows the selection of certain traits of one sex because of advantages they confer in winning mates.

Discuss at least three characteristics of evolution that qualify it as a scientific theory.

Discuss Charles Darwin's major contributions to the study of life forms.Discuss what was new about Darwin's views, and what others had previously proposed.

Human populations living in temperate, northern climates generally have light skin color because it

Explain how the modern anthropological approach to the study of human biological diversity differs from racial classification,

Natural selection cannot work without

__________ are gradual genetic shifts are found among human population.

The example that the heterozygote Hb^S Hb^A, one sickle-cell allele and one normal one, was maintained in some populations as the fittest phenotype for a malarial environment demonstrates

The simple definition of evolution is

Phenotypical adaptation is made possible by biological plasticity - the ability to change in response to the environments humans encounter as they grow.

Explain why differences exist in skin pigmentation among human populations around the world.

The theory of creationism argues that natural selection of the fittest individuals created all species that are present today.

__________ is not one of the primary mechanisms of genetic evolution.

Discuss some of the problems underlying phenotype-based racial classifications.

Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.

Some populations like the Polynesians, the San, or the people of northern India have phenotypes that do not fit neatly into "standard" racial categories, which suggests that

The relationship between the alleles that determine our blood types is

Natural selection acts on

__________ plays a role in determining skin color.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 4: Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

Humans have a total of 46 alleles.

__________ describes the process that allows the selection of certain traits of one sex because of advantages they confer in winning mates.

Discuss at least three characteristics of evolution that qualify it as a scientific theory.

Discuss Charles Darwin's major contributions to the study of life forms.Discuss what was new about Darwin's views, and what others had previously proposed.

Human populations living in temperate, northern climates generally have light skin color because it

Explain how the modern anthropological approach to the study of human biological diversity differs from racial classification,

Natural selection cannot work without

__________ are gradual genetic shifts are found among human population.

The example that the heterozygote HbS HbA, one sickle-cell allele and one normal one, was maintained in some populations as the fittest phenotype for a malarial environment demonstrates

The simple definition of evolution is

Phenotypical adaptation is made possible by biological plasticity - the ability to change in response to the environments humans encounter as they grow.

Explain why differences exist in skin pigmentation among human populations around the world.

The theory of creationism argues that natural selection of the fittest individuals created all species that are present today.

__________ is not one of the primary mechanisms of genetic evolution.

Discuss some of the problems underlying phenotype-based racial classifications.

Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.

Some populations like the Polynesians, the San, or the people of northern India have phenotypes that do not fit neatly into "standard" racial categories, which suggests that

The relationship between the alleles that determine our blood types is

Natural selection acts on

__________ plays a role in determining skin color.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

The example that the heterozygote Hb^S Hb^A, one sickle-cell allele and one normal one, was maintained in some populations as the fittest phenotype for a malarial environment demonstrates