Question 1

The cranial features of
A.afarensis reflect a diet consisting primarily of soft fruits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The statement, __________, is not true.

Accepted Answer

A) "australopithecines mainly ate savanna vegetation." 
B) "australopithecines exhibited greater sexual dimorphism than do modern humans." 
C) "australopithecines lived between approximately 4.2 and 1 m.y.a." 
D) "australopithecines started out as knuckle-walkers (A.anamensis) and ended up bipedal (A.boisei)." 
E) "australopithecines became more robust through time". 
A) "australopithecines mainly ate savanna vegetation." 
B) "australopithecines exhibited greater sexual dimorphism than do modern humans." 
C) "australopithecines lived between approximately 4.2 and 1 m.y.a." 
D) "australopithecines started out as knuckle-walkers (A.anamensis) and ended up bipedal (A.boisei)." 
E) "australopithecines became more robust through time". D

Question 3

A.afarensis's ___________ indicates bipedal locomotion.

Accepted Answer

A) shape of pelvis and lower spine 
B) opposable thumb 
C) decreased body hair 
D) cranial capacity 
E) relatively large grinding surfaces on its back teeth 
A) shape of pelvis and lower spine 
B) opposable thumb 
C) decreased body hair 
D) cranial capacity 
E) relatively large grinding surfaces on its back teeth A

Question 4

The femur of Orrorin tugenensis suggests that it was

Accepted Answer

A) unable to climb in trees. 
B) able to walk on two legs. 
C) strictly arboreal. 
D) nearly twice the size of a modern gorilla. 
E) nearly identical to a modern human. 
A) unable to climb in trees. 
B) able to walk on two legs. 
C) strictly arboreal. 
D) nearly twice the size of a modern gorilla. 
E) nearly identical to a modern human.

Question 5

The Laetoli footprints tell us that

Accepted Answer

A) A.afarensis was a large bodied, knuckle-walking ape. 
B) A.afarensis did not have any natural predators. 
C) A.afarensis lived in large social groups. 
D) A.afarensis was a prey species for lions. 
E) A.afarensis was a small, bipedal hominin. 
A) A.afarensis was a large bodied, knuckle-walking ape. 
B) A.afarensis did not have any natural predators. 
C) A.afarensis lived in large social groups. 
D) A.afarensis was a prey species for lions. 
E) A.afarensis was a small, bipedal hominin.

Question 6

A fact about australopithecines is that they

Accepted Answer

A) have been found only in East Africa. 
B) were the first hominins to migrate out of Africa. 
C) developed and used Acheulian stone tools. 
D) included both gracile and robust species. 
E) are well known for their cave paintings. 
A) have been found only in East Africa. 
B) were the first hominins to migrate out of Africa. 
C) developed and used Acheulian stone tools. 
D) included both gracile and robust species. 
E) are well known for their cave paintings.

Question 7

Researchers know Ardipithecus

Accepted Answer

A) was a knuckle-walking proto-chimpanzee. 
B) was a bipedal hominin with very apelike characteristics. 
C) was merely a male Australopithecus anamensis. 
D) is a New World monkey. 
E) is ancestral to Neandertals but not to Homo sapiens. 
A) was a knuckle-walking proto-chimpanzee. 
B) was a bipedal hominin with very apelike characteristics. 
C) was merely a male Australopithecus anamensis. 
D) is a New World monkey. 
E) is ancestral to Neandertals but not to Homo sapiens.

Question 8

There is consensus among researchers that the gracile and robust australopithecines were different species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The fossil known as

Accepted Answer

A) sediba is important because A.there is debate if it should be a member of Homo sapiens. 
B) it has no evidence of being bipedal, but it has a large brain. 
C) it was found with the earliest stone tools. 
D) it has anatomy similar to both australopithecines and Homo. 
E) a team of prominent paleoanthropologists found it on their first day in the field. 
A) sediba is important because A.there is debate if it should be a member of Homo sapiens. 
B) it has no evidence of being bipedal, but it has a large brain. 
C) it was found with the earliest stone tools. 
D) it has anatomy similar to both australopithecines and Homo. 
E) a team of prominent paleoanthropologists found it on their first day in the field.

Question 10

Identify and discuss the major features of australopithecine dentition.Discuss what these teeth reveal about australopithecine adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Australopithecines, which lived between

Question 11

By 1 m.y.a., H.erectus was the only hominin species that existed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Australopithecine robustness was most pronounced in

Accepted Answer

A) Ardipithecus 
B) afarensis 
C) anamensis 
D) boisei 
E) robustus 
A) Ardipithecus 
B) afarensis 
C) anamensis 
D) boisei 
E) robustus

Question 13

Identify the critical factors in the evolution of bipedalism.Include the primary theories about why humans became bipedal, and list the biological changes that take place.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of bipedalism in humans is

Question 14

Because an upright posture helps to conserve body heat, bipedalism may have developed among early hominins as an adaptation to the cooler conditions of the ice ages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Australopithecine skulls, jaws, and teeth indicate that

Accepted Answer

A) australopithecines had a high incidence of warfare. 
B) australopithecines were strict carnivores. 
C) australopithecines spoke complex languages. 
D) australopithecines were largely vegetarian. 
E) australopithecines were cannibals. 
A) australopithecines had a high incidence of warfare. 
B) australopithecines were strict carnivores. 
C) australopithecines spoke complex languages. 
D) australopithecines were largely vegetarian. 
E) australopithecines were cannibals.

Question 16

Decreasing brain size is a trend in hominin evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern humans than in the australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The statement.__________, best summarizes the relationship between the birth canal and brain size during the course of hominin evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) "natural selection has favored a tendency toward decreased brain size and a reduction in the size of the pelvic opening throughout hominin evolution" 
B) "brain size has become more important than bipedalism over the course of hominin evolution, and the pelvic opening has continually expanded to compensate for larger brains" 
C) "natural selection has struck a balance between the structural demands of upright posture in bipedalism, which limits the expansion of the pelvic opening, and the tendency toward increased brain size" 
D) "the birth canal has become narrower throughout hominin evolution, even as brain size has continued to increase" 
E) "the human pelvic opening has continually expanded to allow for increased brain size, and the upright posture of bipedalism has been unaffected by these structural changes" 
A) "natural selection has favored a tendency toward decreased brain size and a reduction in the size of the pelvic opening throughout hominin evolution" 
B) "brain size has become more important than bipedalism over the course of hominin evolution, and the pelvic opening has continually expanded to compensate for larger brains" 
C) "natural selection has struck a balance between the structural demands of upright posture in bipedalism, which limits the expansion of the pelvic opening, and the tendency toward increased brain size" 
D) "the birth canal has become narrower throughout hominin evolution, even as brain size has continued to increase" 
E) "the human pelvic opening has continually expanded to allow for increased brain size, and the upright posture of bipedalism has been unaffected by these structural changes"

Question 19

__________ is not a trend in early hominin evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) Enlargement of the back teeth 
B) The development of bipedal locomotion 
C) Decreasing cranial capacity 
D) Greater reliance on tools 
E) Elaboration of cultural means of adaptation 
A) Enlargement of the back teeth 
B) The development of bipedal locomotion 
C) Decreasing cranial capacity 
D) Greater reliance on tools 
E) Elaboration of cultural means of adaptation

Question 20

The 6 to 7 million-year-old primate skull discovered in northern Chad is

Accepted Answer

A) Lucy. 
B) Proconsul. 
C) Sahelanthropus tchadensis. 
D) Homo erectus. 
E) Homo sapiens. 
A) Lucy. 
B) Proconsul. 
C) Sahelanthropus tchadensis. 
D) Homo erectus. 
E) Homo sapiens.

The cranial features of A.afarensis reflect a diet consisting primarily of soft fruits.

The statement, __________, is not true.

A.afarensis's ___________ indicates bipedal locomotion.

The femur of Orrorin tugenensis suggests that it was

The Laetoli footprints tell us that

A fact about australopithecines is that they

Researchers know Ardipithecus

There is consensus among researchers that the gracile and robust australopithecines were different species.

The fossil known as

Identify and discuss the major features of australopithecine dentition.Discuss what these teeth reveal about australopithecine adaptation.

By 1 m.y.a., H.erectus was the only hominin species that existed.

Australopithecine robustness was most pronounced in

Identify the critical factors in the evolution of bipedalism.Include the primary theories about why humans became bipedal, and list the biological changes that take place.

Because an upright posture helps to conserve body heat, bipedalism may have developed among early hominins as an adaptation to the cooler conditions of the ice ages.

Australopithecine skulls, jaws, and teeth indicate that

Decreasing brain size is a trend in hominin evolution.

Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern humans than in the australopithecines.

The statement.__________, best summarizes the relationship between the birth canal and brain size during the course of hominin evolution.

__________ is not a trend in early hominin evolution.

The 6 to 7 million-year-old primate skull discovered in northern Chad is

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

The Primates

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 6: Early Hominins

The cranial features of A.afarensis reflect a diet consisting primarily of soft fruits.

The statement, __________, is not true.

A.afarensis's ___________ indicates bipedal locomotion.

The femur of Orrorin tugenensis suggests that it was

The Laetoli footprints tell us that

A fact about australopithecines is that they

Researchers know Ardipithecus

There is consensus among researchers that the gracile and robust australopithecines were different species.

The fossil known as

Identify and discuss the major features of australopithecine dentition.Discuss what these teeth reveal about australopithecine adaptation.

By 1 m.y.a., H.erectus was the only hominin species that existed.

Australopithecine robustness was most pronounced in

Identify the critical factors in the evolution of bipedalism.Include the primary theories about why humans became bipedal, and list the biological changes that take place.

Because an upright posture helps to conserve body heat, bipedalism may have developed among early hominins as an adaptation to the cooler conditions of the ice ages.

Australopithecine skulls, jaws, and teeth indicate that

Decreasing brain size is a trend in hominin evolution.

Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern humans than in the australopithecines.

The statement.__________, best summarizes the relationship between the birth canal and brain size during the course of hominin evolution.

__________ is not a trend in early hominin evolution.

The 6 to 7 million-year-old primate skull discovered in northern Chad is

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

The Primates

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters