Question 1

Which of the following situations indicates resilience that characterizes development in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A) Jonathan, who did not get good grades in middle school, studies hard in high school and gets a scholarship at an Ivy League university. 
B) Joshua gets low SAT scores after his parents file for a divorce. 
C) Ryle, whose parents fund his university education to Cornell, fails in his end-term examinations. 
D) Cathy is not allowed to write the examinations because she misses school to take care of her mother, who is not well. 
A) Jonathan, who did not get good grades in middle school, studies hard in high school and gets a scholarship at an Ivy League university. 
B) Joshua gets low SAT scores after his parents file for a divorce. 
C) Ryle, whose parents fund his university education to Cornell, fails in his end-term examinations. 
D) Cathy is not allowed to write the examinations because she misses school to take care of her mother, who is not well.

Question 2

You arrange two rows of pennies so they are equal in length.A child views the rows and states that s/he has the same amount of pennies.You spread out the pennies in the bottom row so it is longer than the top row.The child now states that the bottom row has more pennies.This child is in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) formal operational 
D) concrete operational 
A) sensorimotor 
B) preoperational 
C) formal operational 
D) concrete operational

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Children are expert thinkers who do not depend on the world. 
B) Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development is similar to that of Piaget's theory. 
C) For Vygotsky, a child is simply learning to think about the world and not about his or her own world in particular. 
D) Children enter a level of cognitive sophistication by learning important aspects of their culture. 
A) Children are expert thinkers who do not depend on the world. 
B) Vygotsky's approach to cognitive development is similar to that of Piaget's theory. 
C) For Vygotsky, a child is simply learning to think about the world and not about his or her own world in particular. 
D) Children enter a level of cognitive sophistication by learning important aspects of their culture.

Question 4

Jason is working on an experiment during his science class and is following a procedure to systematically analyze the outcome.Jason is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) formal operational 
C) concrete operational 
D) preoperational 
A) sensorimotor 
B) formal operational 
C) concrete operational 
D) preoperational

Question 5

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, _____ is the best way to build an infant's sense of trust.

Accepted Answer

A) engaging in establishing a sense that the world is a predictable and safe place 
B) encouraging object permanence 
C) discouraging egocentrism 
D) engaging in authoritarian parenting and placing limits and controls on behavior 
A) engaging in establishing a sense that the world is a predictable and safe place 
B) encouraging object permanence 
C) discouraging egocentrism 
D) engaging in authoritarian parenting and placing limits and controls on behavior

Question 6

What infant-perception research technique involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other?

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) preferential looking 
C) aphasia 
D) object permanence 
A) habituation 
B) preferential looking 
C) aphasia 
D) object permanence

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

A) Amy, an 11 year-old girl, whose height and weight increase during adolescence. 
B) Cindy, a 20 year-old student, who imagines herself as the governor of Florida. 
C) Kevin, an infant, who smiles in response to his mother's touch. 
D) Jacob, a 22 year-old athlete, who is aggressive while playing any sport. 
A) Amy, an 11 year-old girl, whose height and weight increase during adolescence. 
B) Cindy, a 20 year-old student, who imagines herself as the governor of Florida. 
C) Kevin, an infant, who smiles in response to his mother's touch. 
D) Jacob, a 22 year-old athlete, who is aggressive while playing any sport.

Question 8

According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at the postconventional level

Accepted Answer

A) individuals abide by standards learned from parents. 
B) individuals develop an increasingly personal moral code. 
C) individuals' moral reasoning is based primarily on the consequences of a behavior. 
D) individuals' behavior is highly influenced by rewards and punishments. 
A) individuals abide by standards learned from parents. 
B) individuals develop an increasingly personal moral code. 
C) individuals' moral reasoning is based primarily on the consequences of a behavior. 
D) individuals' behavior is highly influenced by rewards and punishments.

Question 9

Juan is a child with low activity level and tends to withdraw from new situations.He is inflexible, and displays low mood intensity.Juan is said to have what type of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A) easy 
B) difficult 
C) slow-to-warm-up 
D) aversive 
A) easy 
B) difficult 
C) slow-to-warm-up 
D) aversive

Question 10

Describe the three biological theories of aging (cellular-clock theory, free-radical theory, and hormonal stress theory of aging).

Accepted Answer

The cellular-clock theory is Leonard Hay

Question 11

Development is a process that follows a genetic master plan.Refute this argument.

Accepted Answer

Although it might be easy to think of ge

Question 12

Which of the following characterizes pubertal change in adolescents?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones are solely responsible for adolescent behavior. 
B) Estradiol, an estrogen, is associated in boys with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and voice change. 
C) There is no dramatic change in the concentration of certain hormones because they decrease gradually during puberty. 
D) The peak of pubertal change occurs at an average age of 11½ for girls and 13½ for boys. 
A) Hormones are solely responsible for adolescent behavior. 
B) Estradiol, an estrogen, is associated in boys with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and voice change. 
C) There is no dramatic change in the concentration of certain hormones because they decrease gradually during puberty. 
D) The peak of pubertal change occurs at an average age of 11½ for girls and 13½ for boys.

Question 13

The free-radical theory states that aging is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) damage to DNA. 
B) the body's lowered resistance to stress and disease. 
C) biological constraints on cell division. 
D) nutritional deficiencies. 
A) damage to DNA. 
B) the body's lowered resistance to stress and disease. 
C) biological constraints on cell division. 
D) nutritional deficiencies.

Question 14

One of the most important criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that

Accepted Answer

A) his theory had very little impact on psychologists' understanding of how children's minds develop. 
B) the popularity of his theory was been very short-lived. 
C) his theory was never scientifically tested. 
D) many cognitive abilities emerge earlier in children than Piaget thought. 
A) his theory had very little impact on psychologists' understanding of how children's minds develop. 
B) the popularity of his theory was been very short-lived. 
C) his theory was never scientifically tested. 
D) many cognitive abilities emerge earlier in children than Piaget thought.

Question 15

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, formal operational thought is

Accepted Answer

A) logical, systematic, abstract, and idealistic. 
B) simplistic, egocentric, and systematic. 
C) intuitive and concrete. 
D) based on trial and error. 
A) logical, systematic, abstract, and idealistic. 
B) simplistic, egocentric, and systematic. 
C) intuitive and concrete. 
D) based on trial and error.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes moral reasoning at the conventional level?

Accepted Answer

A) "What I did was illegal, but I needed the money." 
B) "What I did was illegal, but nobody will ever find out." 
C) "What I did was illegal, but saving a life is what a good person is expected to do." 
D) "What I did was illegal, but the family of the person I saved offered a huge reward." 
A) "What I did was illegal, but I needed the money." 
B) "What I did was illegal, but nobody will ever find out." 
C) "What I did was illegal, but saving a life is what a good person is expected to do." 
D) "What I did was illegal, but the family of the person I saved offered a huge reward."

Question 17

Sam is a participant in a study of moral development.In response to the Heinz moral-dilemma story, Sam says "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug because if he steals he will go to jail.Jail is a bad place so Heinz shouldn't take the risk of such harsh punishment." Sam appears to be operating at which of the following stages of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A) preconventional 
B) conventional 
C) postconventional 
D) hyper-conventional 
A) preconventional 
B) conventional 
C) postconventional 
D) hyper-conventional

Question 18

According to Erikson, who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Barney quit his job and is in pursuit of a job that is completely different from his previous job. 
B) Dan is an architect who is happy with his job, and he has made many achievements in his career. 
C) Peter tried learning to play a guitar and realized that he is not good at it, so he is planning to learn to play the piano. 
D) Megan has suddenly isolated herself from her family and friends, after being rejected by a local music band. 
A) Barney quit his job and is in pursuit of a job that is completely different from his previous job. 
B) Dan is an architect who is happy with his job, and he has made many achievements in his career. 
C) Peter tried learning to play a guitar and realized that he is not good at it, so he is planning to learn to play the piano. 
D) Megan has suddenly isolated herself from her family and friends, after being rejected by a local music band.

Question 19

Which of the following is true with regard to development?

Accepted Answer

A) Development requires that we take into account the contributions of a person's biological inheritance without considering the environment. 
B) Development is the product of nature, nurture, and the complex interaction of the two. 
C) All development involves growth, not decline. 
D) Understanding development requires that we take into account the contributions of the environment alone. 
A) Development requires that we take into account the contributions of a person's biological inheritance without considering the environment. 
B) Development is the product of nature, nurture, and the complex interaction of the two. 
C) All development involves growth, not decline. 
D) Understanding development requires that we take into account the contributions of the environment alone.

Question 20

Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior.Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence

Accepted Answer

A) the amygdala is developed earlier than the prefrontal cortex. 
B) the prefrontal cortex is developed earlier than the amygdala. 
C) growth in the hippocampus is halted. 
D) the corpus callosum becomes severed. 
A) the amygdala is developed earlier than the prefrontal cortex. 
B) the prefrontal cortex is developed earlier than the amygdala. 
C) growth in the hippocampus is halted. 
D) the corpus callosum becomes severed.

Which of the following situations indicates resilience that characterizes development in adulthood?

Which of the following statements is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive theory?

Jason is working on an experiment during his science class and is following a procedure to systematically analyze the outcome.Jason is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, _____ is the best way to build an infant's sense of trust.

What infant-perception research technique involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other?

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive process?

According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at the postconventional level

Juan is a child with low activity level and tends to withdraw from new situations.He is inflexible, and displays low mood intensity.Juan is said to have what type of temperament?

Describe the three biological theories of aging (cellular-clock theory, free-radical theory, and hormonal stress theory of aging).

Development is a process that follows a genetic master plan.Refute this argument.

Which of the following characterizes pubertal change in adolescents?

The free-radical theory states that aging is caused by

One of the most important criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, formal operational thought is

Which of the following statements best describes moral reasoning at the conventional level?

According to Erikson, who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?

Which of the following is true with regard to development?

Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior.Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence

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Exam 8: Human Development

Which of the following situations indicates resilience that characterizes development in adulthood?

Which of the following statements is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive theory?

Jason is working on an experiment during his science class and is following a procedure to systematically analyze the outcome.Jason is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, _____ is the best way to build an infant's sense of trust.

What infant-perception research technique involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other?

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive process?

According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at the postconventional level

Juan is a child with low activity level and tends to withdraw from new situations.He is inflexible, and displays low mood intensity.Juan is said to have what type of temperament?

Describe the three biological theories of aging (cellular-clock theory, free-radical theory, and hormonal stress theory of aging).

Development is a process that follows a genetic master plan.Refute this argument.

Which of the following characterizes pubertal change in adolescents?

The free-radical theory states that aging is caused by

One of the most important criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, formal operational thought is

Which of the following statements best describes moral reasoning at the conventional level?

According to Erikson, who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?

Which of the following is true with regard to development?

Adolescents often have difficulty controlling their emotions and making sound decisions about risky behavior.Brain research suggests that this is due to the fact that during adolescence

The Science of Psychology

The Brain and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Health Psychology

Filters