Question 1

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _____ or ______.

Accepted Answer

A) unipolar; bipolar. 
B) unidimensional; multidimensional. 
C) conscious; unconscious. 
D) loaded; unloaded. 
E) static; rotated. 
A) unipolar; bipolar. 
B) unidimensional; multidimensional. 
C) conscious; unconscious. 
D) loaded; unloaded. 
E) static; rotated. A

Question 2

Which of Cattell's media of observation could NOT be used with animals such as dogs or cats?

Accepted Answer

A) L data 
B) Q data 
C) T data 
D) None of the above can be used to measure animal behavior. 
A) L data 
B) Q data 
C) T data 
D) None of the above can be used to measure animal behavior. B

Question 3

In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three basic factors of P, E, and N are

Accepted Answer

A) independent of each other. 
B) primary traits. 
C) negatively related to each other. 
D) a single unified factor. 
A) independent of each other. 
B) primary traits. 
C) negatively related to each other. 
D) a single unified factor. A

Question 4

Cattell attempted to measure human personality from three directions, using L data, Q data, and T data.Which of the following is an example of T data?

Accepted Answer

A) aptitude test scores 
B) an autobiography 
C) a biography 
D) supervisory ratings 
A) aptitude test scores 
B) an autobiography 
C) a biography 
D) supervisory ratings

Question 5

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to

Accepted Answer

A) match participants on gender and age. 
B) take personality factors into account. 
C) use the proper statistical procedures. 
D) consider the motivation of participants. 
A) match participants on gender and age. 
B) take personality factors into account. 
C) use the proper statistical procedures. 
D) consider the motivation of participants.

Question 6

In general, the purpose of factor analysis is to

Accepted Answer

A) investigate differences between two groups of subjects. 
B) reduce many variables to fewer basic factors. 
C) construct inductive theories of personality. 
D) construct deductive theories of personality. 
A) investigate differences between two groups of subjects. 
B) reduce many variables to fewer basic factors. 
C) construct inductive theories of personality. 
D) construct deductive theories of personality.

Question 7

Which biological mechanisms are rated as most influential on the basic tendencies?

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive success and mutations 
B) genes, hormones, and brain structures 
C) natural selection and extinction 
D) social Darwinism and reproductive success 
A) reproductive success and mutations 
B) genes, hormones, and brain structures 
C) natural selection and extinction 
D) social Darwinism and reproductive success

Question 8

An example of a unipolar trait would be

Accepted Answer

A) extraversion/introversion. 
B) dominance versus submission. 
C) Eysenck's P (psychoticism). 
D) height or weight. 
A) extraversion/introversion. 
B) dominance versus submission. 
C) Eysenck's P (psychoticism). 
D) height or weight.

Question 9

According to Eysenck, low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the __________ scale.

Accepted Answer

A) extraversion. 
B) introversion. 
C) psychoticism. 
D) neuroticism. 
A) extraversion. 
B) introversion. 
C) psychoticism. 
D) neuroticism.

Question 10

Eysenck and the Five-factor theorists:

Accepted Answer

A) agree on the number of personality factors, but disagree on their names. 
B) both place a heavy emphasis on biological components of personality. 
C) both rely primarily on hypothetical-deductive reasoning. 
D) both began with the same test data, but they arrived at different factors through different statistical methods. 
A) agree on the number of personality factors, but disagree on their names. 
B) both place a heavy emphasis on biological components of personality. 
C) both rely primarily on hypothetical-deductive reasoning. 
D) both began with the same test data, but they arrived at different factors through different statistical methods.

Question 11

Name and describe Eysenck's three general types, or superfactors.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck has built his personality theory

Question 12

Which term best describes the "acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environments"?

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral components 
B) basic tendencies 
C) characteristic adaptations 
D) objective biography 
A) peripheral components 
B) basic tendencies 
C) characteristic adaptations 
D) objective biography

Question 13

personality inventory, Costa and McCrae revealed two additional trait dimensions.They are

Accepted Answer

A) openness to experience and neuroticism. 
B) neuroticism and extraversion. 
C) extraversion and conscientiousness. 
D) agreeableness and conscientiousness. 
A) openness to experience and neuroticism. 
B) neuroticism and extraversion. 
C) extraversion and conscientiousness. 
D) agreeableness and conscientiousness.

Question 14

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety. 
B) depression. 
C) phobias. 
D) hysteria. 
E) obsessive-compulsive symptoms. 
A) anxiety. 
B) depression. 
C) phobias. 
D) hysteria. 
E) obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Question 15

The Five-Factor Theory rests on a single causal influence on personality traits.What is it?

Accepted Answer

A) culture 
B) biology 
C) early childhood 
D) unconscious dynamism 
A) culture 
B) biology 
C) early childhood 
D) unconscious dynamism

Question 16

The essence of basic tendencies is their basis in biology and their ______ over time and situation.

Accepted Answer

A) stability 
B) unpredictability 
C) variability 
D) inconsistency 
A) stability 
B) unpredictability 
C) variability 
D) inconsistency

Question 17

People who score in the direction of agreeableness tend to be

Accepted Answer

A) ordered, controlled, and achievement-focused. 
B) good-natured, yielding, generous, and trusting. 
C) anxious, temperamental, and emotionally vulnerable. 
D) even-tempered, self-satisfied, and emotionally hardy. 
A) ordered, controlled, and achievement-focused. 
B) good-natured, yielding, generous, and trusting. 
C) anxious, temperamental, and emotionally vulnerable. 
D) even-tempered, self-satisfied, and emotionally hardy.

Question 18

The total number of primary traits, both normal and pathological, that Cattell and his associates identified is about

Accepted Answer

A) 2 or 3. 
B) 10. 
C) 35. 
D) 240. 
A) 2 or 3. 
B) 10. 
C) 35. 
D) 240.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best reflects our understanding of the stability of personality traits according to the Five-Factor model?

Accepted Answer

A) Age-related declines in agreeableness and conscientiousness become increasingly evident. 
B) Basic personality traits change considerably after the age of forty. 
C) Basic personality traits change very little beyond the age of thirty. 
D) Adults score higher on neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience than college students. 
A) Age-related declines in agreeableness and conscientiousness become increasingly evident. 
B) Basic personality traits change considerably after the age of forty. 
C) Basic personality traits change very little beyond the age of thirty. 
D) Adults score higher on neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience than college students.

Question 20

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of

Accepted Answer

A) mother-infant relationships. 
B) objectivity/subjectivity. 
C) neuroticism/stability. 
D) cortical arousal level. 
E) gender. 
A) mother-infant relationships. 
B) objectivity/subjectivity. 
C) neuroticism/stability. 
D) cortical arousal level. 
E) gender.

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _ or __.

Which of Cattell's media of observation could NOT be used with animals such as dogs or cats?

In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three basic factors of P, E, and N are

Cattell attempted to measure human personality from three directions, using L data, Q data, and T data.Which of the following is an example of T data?

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to

In general, the purpose of factor analysis is to

Which biological mechanisms are rated as most influential on the basic tendencies?

An example of a unipolar trait would be

According to Eysenck, low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the __________ scale.

Eysenck and the Five-factor theorists:

Name and describe Eysenck's three general types, or superfactors.

Which term best describes the "acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environments"?

personality inventory, Costa and McCrae revealed two additional trait dimensions.They are

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

The Five-Factor Theory rests on a single causal influence on personality traits.What is it?

The essence of basic tendencies is their basis in biology and their ______ over time and situation.

People who score in the direction of agreeableness tend to be

The total number of primary traits, both normal and pathological, that Cattell and his associates identified is about

Which of the following statements best reflects our understanding of the stability of personality traits according to the Five-Factor model?

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of

Introduction to Personality Theory

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Filters

Exam 14: Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _____ or ______.

Which of Cattell's media of observation could NOT be used with animals such as dogs or cats?

In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three basic factors of P, E, and N are

Cattell attempted to measure human personality from three directions, using L data, Q data, and T data.Which of the following is an example of T data?

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to

In general, the purpose of factor analysis is to

Which biological mechanisms are rated as most influential on the basic tendencies?

An example of a unipolar trait would be

According to Eysenck, low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the __________ scale.

Eysenck and the Five-factor theorists:

Name and describe Eysenck's three general types, or superfactors.

Which term best describes the "acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environments"?

personality inventory, Costa and McCrae revealed two additional trait dimensions.They are

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

The Five-Factor Theory rests on a single causal influence on personality traits.What is it?

The essence of basic tendencies is their basis in biology and their ______ over time and situation.

People who score in the direction of agreeableness tend to be

The total number of primary traits, both normal and pathological, that Cattell and his associates identified is about

Which of the following statements best reflects our understanding of the stability of personality traits according to the Five-Factor model?

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of

Introduction to Personality Theory

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Filters

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _ or __.