Question 1

In rodents, testosterone is converted to ____ in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol 
B)  androgen 
C)  progesterone 
D)  estradiol 
A)  cortisol 
B)  androgen 
C)  progesterone 
D)  estradiol

Question 2

The first few days of rat parental care are to ____ as later days are to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experience; hormones 
B)  hormones; experience 
C)  females; males 
D)  males; females 
A)  experience; hormones 
B)  hormones; experience 
C)  females; males 
D)  males; females

Question 3

Why is it impossible for an individual to develop a complete, normal set of external female genitalia AND a complete, normal set of external male genitalia?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual has either estradiol or testosterone, but not both. 
B)  Both types of external genitalia develop from the same fetal structure. 
C)  Development of the external genitalia is not influenced by early hormonal levels. 
D)  The female genitals reach maturity earlier than the male genitals. 
A)  An individual has either estradiol or testosterone, but not both. 
B)  Both types of external genitalia develop from the same fetal structure. 
C)  Development of the external genitalia is not influenced by early hormonal levels. 
D)  The female genitals reach maturity earlier than the male genitals.

Question 4

When a newborn baby is found to be intersexed, how have most authorities over the past few decades recommended raising the child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Raise the child according to whether the chromosomes are male or female. 
B)  Wait until later and let the child decide whether to be called male or female. 
C)  When in doubt, call the child male. 
D)  When in doubt, call the child female. 
A)  Raise the child according to whether the chromosomes are male or female. 
B)  Wait until later and let the child decide whether to be called male or female. 
C)  When in doubt, call the child male. 
D)  When in doubt, call the child female.

Question 5

The result of the sex reassignment in the case of the infant whose penis was accidentally removed was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  he developed a normal female gender identity. 
B)  he developed a neutral gender identity with no sexual interest. 
C)  he only experienced difficulties during adulthood. 
D)  he decided to adopt a male gender identity during adolescence. 
A)  he developed a normal female gender identity. 
B)  he developed a neutral gender identity with no sexual interest. 
C)  he only experienced difficulties during adulthood. 
D)  he decided to adopt a male gender identity during adolescence.

Question 6

Of the various hypotheses based on hormone levels, which is the most plausible explanation for male homosexuality?

Accepted Answer

A)  adult testosterone levels are low 
B)  adult estrogen levels are high 
C)  prenatal testosterone levels were low during some sensitive period 
D)  prenatal estrogen levels were high during some sensitive period 
A)  adult testosterone levels are low 
B)  adult estrogen levels are high 
C)  prenatal testosterone levels were low during some sensitive period 
D)  prenatal estrogen levels were high during some sensitive period

Question 7

Which hormone(s) is/are likely to be found more abundantly in males than in females?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peptide hormones 
B)  Androgens 
C)  Progesterone 
D)  Estrogens 
A)  Peptide hormones 
B)  Androgens 
C)  Progesterone 
D)  Estrogens

Question 8

What anatomical difference, other than sex organs, is reliably seen between males and females, even at an early age?

Accepted Answer

A)  complexity of the cerebral cortex 
B)  size of the pituitary 
C)  organization of the brain stem 
D)  size of parts of the hypothalamus 
A)  complexity of the cerebral cortex 
B)  size of the pituitary 
C)  organization of the brain stem 
D)  size of parts of the hypothalamus

Question 9

The following are true about drugs that prevent testosterone from being aromatized to estradiol EXCEPT that?

Accepted Answer

A)  they block some of the organizing effects of testosterone. 
B)  they impair male sexual behavior. 
C)  they block some of the activating effects of testosterone. 
D)  they impair male fertility. 
A)  they block some of the organizing effects of testosterone. 
B)  they impair male sexual behavior. 
C)  they block some of the activating effects of testosterone. 
D)  they impair male fertility.

Question 10

Some XX females have either an ovary and a testis, or two testes, or a mixture of testis and ovary tissue on each side as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a translocated SRY gene. 
B)  low body temperature during prenatal development. 
C)  too much testosterone. 
D)  too much estrogen. 
A)  a translocated SRY gene. 
B)  low body temperature during prenatal development. 
C)  too much testosterone. 
D)  too much estrogen.

Question 11

According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on:

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha-fetoprotein. 
B)  the sex region Y gene. 
C)  the thalamus. 
D)  the hypothalamus. 
A)  alpha-fetoprotein. 
B)  the sex region Y gene. 
C)  the thalamus. 
D)  the hypothalamus.

Question 12

Sexual behavior is most likely to occur when sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) prime the neurons in the hypothalamus to release the neurotransmitter:

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  acetylcholine.

Question 13

Certain genetic males in the Dominican Republic were born with low levels of the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. This resulted in:

Accepted Answer

A)  breast development. 
B)  lack of pubic hair. 
C)  minimal penis growth early in life. 
D)  extreme shortness until the age of 30 or so. 
A)  breast development. 
B)  lack of pubic hair. 
C)  minimal penis growth early in life. 
D)  extreme shortness until the age of 30 or so.

Question 14

Genitals for males and females develop from ____; internal reproductive structures develop from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a single unisex structure; separate structures 
B)  separate structures; a single unisex structure 
C)  a single unisex structure; a single unisex structure 
D)  separate structures; separate structures 
A)  a single unisex structure; separate structures 
B)  separate structures; a single unisex structure 
C)  a single unisex structure; a single unisex structure 
D)  separate structures; separate structures

Question 15

Hormones are most essential to which aspect of mammalian parental behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  care for newborns during the first few days 
B)  continuation of care after the first few days 
C)  the parental care sometimes shown by males 
D)  all aspects equally 
A)  care for newborns during the first few days 
B)  continuation of care after the first few days 
C)  the parental care sometimes shown by males 
D)  all aspects equally

Question 16

A more recent study on differences in the INAH3 suggests that compared to heterosexual men, homosexual men have:

Accepted Answer

A)  a larger INAH3. 
B)  smaller INAH3 neurons, but a comparable number. 
C)  fewer INAH3 neurons, but they are larger in size. 
D)  a comparable number and size of INAH3 neurons. 
A)  a larger INAH3. 
B)  smaller INAH3 neurons, but a comparable number. 
C)  fewer INAH3 neurons, but they are larger in size. 
D)  a comparable number and size of INAH3 neurons.

Question 17

If you inject a male rat with estrogen shortly after birth, it will:

Accepted Answer

A)  still develop into a male. 
B)  still develop into a male, but will act very much like a female. 
C)  develop into something intermediate between female and male. 
D)  develop into a female. 
A)  still develop into a male. 
B)  still develop into a male, but will act very much like a female. 
C)  develop into something intermediate between female and male. 
D)  develop into a female.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of androgens and estrogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only males have androgens. 
B)  Both sexes have both types of hormones. 
C)  They are produced by the pituitary. 
D)  They have opposite effects in males and females. 
A)  Only males have androgens. 
B)  Both sexes have both types of hormones. 
C)  They are produced by the pituitary. 
D)  They have opposite effects in males and females.

Question 19

During an early sensitive period, a mammal is exposed to high levels of both androgens (such as testosterone) and estrogens (such as estradiol). How will its external genital anatomy appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  about like that of a normal male 
B)  intermediate between male and female 
C)  about like that of a normal female 
D)  either, depending on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome 
A)  about like that of a normal male 
B)  intermediate between male and female 
C)  about like that of a normal female 
D)  either, depending on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome

Question 20

One function served by alpha-fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent estradiol from entering cells. 
B)  help estradiol to cross the blood-brain barrier. 
C)  help testosterone to cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  prevent either testosterone or estradiol from being converted into aromatase. 
A)  prevent estradiol from entering cells. 
B)  help estradiol to cross the blood-brain barrier. 
C)  help testosterone to cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  prevent either testosterone or estradiol from being converted into aromatase.

In rodents, testosterone is converted to ____ in the hypothalamus.

The first few days of rat parental care are to as later days are to .

Why is it impossible for an individual to develop a complete, normal set of external female genitalia AND a complete, normal set of external male genitalia?

When a newborn baby is found to be intersexed, how have most authorities over the past few decades recommended raising the child?

The result of the sex reassignment in the case of the infant whose penis was accidentally removed was that:

Of the various hypotheses based on hormone levels, which is the most plausible explanation for male homosexuality?

Which hormone(s) is/are likely to be found more abundantly in males than in females?

What anatomical difference, other than sex organs, is reliably seen between males and females, even at an early age?

The following are true about drugs that prevent testosterone from being aromatized to estradiol EXCEPT that?

Some XX females have either an ovary and a testis, or two testes, or a mixture of testis and ovary tissue on each side as a result of:

According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on:

Sexual behavior is most likely to occur when sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) prime the neurons in the hypothalamus to release the neurotransmitter:

Certain genetic males in the Dominican Republic were born with low levels of the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. This resulted in:

Genitals for males and females develop from ; internal reproductive structures develop from .

Hormones are most essential to which aspect of mammalian parental behavior?

A more recent study on differences in the INAH3 suggests that compared to heterosexual men, homosexual men have:

If you inject a male rat with estrogen shortly after birth, it will:

Which of the following is true of androgens and estrogens?

During an early sensitive period, a mammal is exposed to high levels of both androgens (such as testosterone) and estrogens (such as estradiol). How will its external genital anatomy appear?

One function served by alpha-fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 11: Reproductive Behaviors

In rodents, testosterone is converted to ____ in the hypothalamus.

The first few days of rat parental care are to ____ as later days are to ____.

Why is it impossible for an individual to develop a complete, normal set of external female genitalia AND a complete, normal set of external male genitalia?

When a newborn baby is found to be intersexed, how have most authorities over the past few decades recommended raising the child?

The result of the sex reassignment in the case of the infant whose penis was accidentally removed was that:

Of the various hypotheses based on hormone levels, which is the most plausible explanation for male homosexuality?

Which hormone(s) is/are likely to be found more abundantly in males than in females?

What anatomical difference, other than sex organs, is reliably seen between males and females, even at an early age?

The following are true about drugs that prevent testosterone from being aromatized to estradiol EXCEPT that?

Some XX females have either an ovary and a testis, or two testes, or a mixture of testis and ovary tissue on each side as a result of:

According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on:

Sexual behavior is most likely to occur when sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) prime the neurons in the hypothalamus to release the neurotransmitter:

Certain genetic males in the Dominican Republic were born with low levels of the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. This resulted in:

Genitals for males and females develop from ____; internal reproductive structures develop from ____.

Hormones are most essential to which aspect of mammalian parental behavior?

A more recent study on differences in the INAH3 suggests that compared to heterosexual men, homosexual men have:

If you inject a male rat with estrogen shortly after birth, it will:

Which of the following is true of androgens and estrogens?

During an early sensitive period, a mammal is exposed to high levels of both androgens (such as testosterone) and estrogens (such as estradiol). How will its external genital anatomy appear?

One function served by alpha-fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

The first few days of rat parental care are to as later days are to .

Genitals for males and females develop from ; internal reproductive structures develop from .