Question 1

Which of the following would be the most promising treatment for Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhancing formation of glutamine chains 
B)  Increasing production of huntingtin 
C)  Blocking formation of glutamine chain clustering 
D)  Decreasing production of BDNF 
A)  Enhancing formation of glutamine chains 
B)  Increasing production of huntingtin 
C)  Blocking formation of glutamine chain clustering 
D)  Decreasing production of BDNF

Question 2

Ultimately, the purpose of having a brain is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  control movement. 
B)  solve logical problems. 
C)  control hormone release. 
D)  comprehend language. 
A)  control movement. 
B)  solve logical problems. 
C)  control hormone release. 
D)  comprehend language.

Question 3

If a neurologist tests an adult patient for infant reflexes, the neurologist is probably trying to determine whether the person has suffered damage to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  toe. 
C)  peripheral motor system. 
D)  cerebellum. 
A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  toe. 
C)  peripheral motor system. 
D)  cerebellum.

Question 4

Longer stimulation (1/2 sec) of the arm region of a monkey's motor cortex results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  brief muscle twitches of the arm. 
B)  repetitive muscle twitches of the fingers. 
C)  a fixed set of muscle movements such as contraction of the biceps. 
D)  a fixed outcome using different muscle movements depending on the initial position of the arm. 
A)  brief muscle twitches of the arm. 
B)  repetitive muscle twitches of the fingers. 
C)  a fixed set of muscle movements such as contraction of the biceps. 
D)  a fixed outcome using different muscle movements depending on the initial position of the arm.

Question 5

Infants have several reflexes, such as the ____ and the ____, that are not seen in adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  knee-jerk reflex; rooting reflex 
B)  Babinski reflex; knee-jerk reflex 
C)  rooting reflex; Babinski reflex 
D)  knee-jerk reflex; grasp reflex 
A)  knee-jerk reflex; rooting reflex 
B)  Babinski reflex; knee-jerk reflex 
C)  rooting reflex; Babinski reflex 
D)  knee-jerk reflex; grasp reflex

Question 6

The prefrontal cortex plans movements according to their probable outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the relationship between the motor neuron axons and muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each axon innervates only one muscle fiber. 
B)  The more muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements. 
C)  The more axons which innervate a single muscle fiber, the more precise the movements. 
D)  The fewer muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements. 
A)  Each axon innervates only one muscle fiber. 
B)  The more muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements. 
C)  The more axons which innervate a single muscle fiber, the more precise the movements. 
D)  The fewer muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements.

Question 8

Children with ____ were found to have less activity in the brain areas believed to contain mirror neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  MS 
B)  polio 
C)  autism 
D)  ADHD 
A)  MS 
B)  polio 
C)  autism 
D)  ADHD

Question 9

The prefrontal cortex:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the main area for touch and other body information. 
B)  keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world. 
C)  is active during preparations for a movement and less active during movement itself. 
D)  responds to lights, noises, and other signals for a movement. 
A)  is the main area for touch and other body information. 
B)  keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world. 
C)  is active during preparations for a movement and less active during movement itself. 
D)  responds to lights, noises, and other signals for a movement.

Question 10

Mirror neurons are active both during preparation for a movement and while watching someone else perform the same or a similar movement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following are two kinds of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  extensors and contractors 
B)  contractors and muscle spindles 
C)  muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs 
D)  muscle spindles and extensors 
A)  extensors and contractors 
B)  contractors and muscle spindles 
C)  muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs 
D)  muscle spindles and extensors

Question 12

Of the following, which is considered LEAST promising as a treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  high-frequency electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus 
B)  adrenal gland transplants 
C)  antioxidants 
D)  neurotrophins 
A)  high-frequency electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus 
B)  adrenal gland transplants 
C)  antioxidants 
D)  neurotrophins

Question 13

Immature cells that are capable of developing into a variety of cells are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  stem cells. 
B)  neurotrophins. 
C)  L-dopa cells. 
D)  mitochondria. 
A)  stem cells. 
B)  neurotrophins. 
C)  L-dopa cells. 
D)  mitochondria.

Question 14

At least some cases of Parkinson's disease are apparently linked to what cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  A recessive gene on chromosome 4 
B)  The accumulation of aluminum in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus 
C)  A chronic lack of vitamin B-1 
D)  A toxic substance found in a heroin substitute 
A)  A recessive gene on chromosome 4 
B)  The accumulation of aluminum in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus 
C)  A chronic lack of vitamin B-1 
D)  A toxic substance found in a heroin substitute

Question 15

Activation of the Golgi tendon organs results in contraction of the muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What type of muscle controls movements of internal organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth 
B)  striated 
C)  cardiac 
D)  antagonistic 
A)  smooth 
B)  striated 
C)  cardiac 
D)  antagonistic

Question 17

When are the cells in the premotor cortex (in contrast to the primary motor cortex) most active?

Accepted Answer

A)  In preparation for movements 
B)  During movements 
C)  At or after the end of movements 
D)  During inhibition of movements 
A)  In preparation for movements 
B)  During movements 
C)  At or after the end of movements 
D)  During inhibition of movements

Question 18

Most Parkinson's patients suffer depression:

Accepted Answer

A)  only during the late stages of the disease. 
B)  as a reaction to the muscle failure they suffer. 
C)  as one of the symptoms of the disease. 
D)  if they are under 50 years of age when the disease strikes. 
A)  only during the late stages of the disease. 
B)  as a reaction to the muscle failure they suffer. 
C)  as one of the symptoms of the disease. 
D)  if they are under 50 years of age when the disease strikes.

Question 19

Fast-twitch fibers have fast contractions and rapid fatigue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the relationship of genetics to Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a dominant gene on the X chromosome. 
B)  It is caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4. 
C)  It is caused by a recessive gene on one of the autosomal chromosomes. 
D)  There is no evidence linking Huntington's disease to any gene. 
A)  It is caused by a dominant gene on the X chromosome. 
B)  It is caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4. 
C)  It is caused by a recessive gene on one of the autosomal chromosomes. 
D)  There is no evidence linking Huntington's disease to any gene.

Which of the following would be the most promising treatment for Huntington's disease?

Ultimately, the purpose of having a brain is to:

If a neurologist tests an adult patient for infant reflexes, the neurologist is probably trying to determine whether the person has suffered damage to the:

Longer stimulation (1/2 sec) of the arm region of a monkey's motor cortex results in:

Infants have several reflexes, such as the and the , that are not seen in adults.

The prefrontal cortex plans movements according to their probable outcomes.

What is the relationship between the motor neuron axons and muscle fibers?

Children with ____ were found to have less activity in the brain areas believed to contain mirror neurons.

The prefrontal cortex:

Mirror neurons are active both during preparation for a movement and while watching someone else perform the same or a similar movement.

Which of the following are two kinds of proprioceptors?

Of the following, which is considered LEAST promising as a treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Immature cells that are capable of developing into a variety of cells are known as:

At least some cases of Parkinson's disease are apparently linked to what cause?

Activation of the Golgi tendon organs results in contraction of the muscle.

What type of muscle controls movements of internal organs?

When are the cells in the premotor cortex (in contrast to the primary motor cortex) most active?

Most Parkinson's patients suffer depression:

Fast-twitch fibers have fast contractions and rapid fatigue.

What is the relationship of genetics to Huntington's disease?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 8: Movement

Which of the following would be the most promising treatment for Huntington's disease?

Ultimately, the purpose of having a brain is to:

If a neurologist tests an adult patient for infant reflexes, the neurologist is probably trying to determine whether the person has suffered damage to the:

Longer stimulation (1/2 sec) of the arm region of a monkey's motor cortex results in:

Infants have several reflexes, such as the ____ and the ____, that are not seen in adults.

The prefrontal cortex plans movements according to their probable outcomes.

What is the relationship between the motor neuron axons and muscle fibers?

Children with ____ were found to have less activity in the brain areas believed to contain mirror neurons.

The prefrontal cortex:

Mirror neurons are active both during preparation for a movement and while watching someone else perform the same or a similar movement.

Which of the following are two kinds of proprioceptors?

Of the following, which is considered LEAST promising as a treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Immature cells that are capable of developing into a variety of cells are known as:

At least some cases of Parkinson's disease are apparently linked to what cause?

Activation of the Golgi tendon organs results in contraction of the muscle.

What type of muscle controls movements of internal organs?

When are the cells in the premotor cortex (in contrast to the primary motor cortex) most active?

Most Parkinson's patients suffer depression:

Fast-twitch fibers have fast contractions and rapid fatigue.

What is the relationship of genetics to Huntington's disease?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Infants have several reflexes, such as the and the , that are not seen in adults.