Exam 13: The Costs of Production

Scenario 13-6 Ziva is an organic lettuce farmer, but she also spends part of her day as a professional organizing consultant. As a consultant, Ziva helps people organize their houses. Due to the popularity of her home-organization services, Farmer Ziva has more clients requesting her services than she has time to help if she maintains her farming business. Farmer Ziva charges $25 an hour for her home-organization services. One spring day, Ziva spends 10 hours in her fields planting $130 worth of seeds on her farm. She expects that the seeds she planted will yield $300 worth of lettuce. -Refer to Scenario 13-6. What is the total opportunity cost of the day that Farmer Ziva spent in the field planting lettuce?

A firm that produces and sells furniture gets to choose

Table 13-2 -Refer to Table 13-2. What is the marginal product of the first worker?

Which of the following expressions is correct?

Bubba is a shrimp fisherman who used $2,000 from his personal savings account to buy a boat and equipment for his shrimp business. The savings account paid 2% interest. What is Bubba's annual opportunity cost of the financial capital that he invested in his business?

Jacqui decides to open her own business and earns $50,000 in accounting profit the first year. When deciding to open her own business, she turned down three separate job offers with annual salaries of $30,000, $40,000, and $45,000. What is Jacqui's economic profit from running her own business?

Scenario 13-11 Walter builds birdhouses. He spends $5 on the materials for each birdhouse. He can build one in 30 minutes. He is semi-retired but earns $8 per hour at the local hardware store. He can sell a birdhouse for $20 each. -Refer to Scenario 13-11. An accountant would calculate the total profit for one birdhouse to be

Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. If the factory produces at a rate of 35 chairs per hour, what is the total labor cost per hour?

When a firm is making a profit-maximizing production decision, which of the following principles of economics is likely to be most important to the firm's decision?

Figure 13-3 -Refer to Figure 13-3. The changing slope of the total cost curve reflects

The use of specialization to achieve economies of scale is one reason modern societies are as prosperous as they are.

Table 13-5 -Refer to Table 13-5. Diminishing marginal product begins with the addition of the

At low levels of production, the firm

Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost? (i) the owner of a firm forgoing an opportunity to earn a large salary working for a Wall Street brokerage firm (ii) interest paid on the firm's debt (iii) rent paid by the firm to lease office space

Scenario 13-9 Ellie has been working for an engineering firm and earning an annual salary of $80,000. She decides to open her own engineering business. Her annual expenses will include $15,000 for office rent, $3,000 for equipment rental, $1,000 for supplies, $1,200 for utilities, and a $35,000 salary for a secretary/bookkeeper. Ellie will cover her start-up expenses by cashing in a $20,000 certificate of deposit on which she was earning annual interest of $500. -Refer to Scenario 13-9. According to an economist, which of the following revenue totals will yield Ellie's business $50,000 in economic profits?

Scenario 13-7 Julia prepares tax returns and does bookkeeping. Last year her revenues from the tax and bookkeeping business were $150,000, and her expenses for the business were $15,000. When she started her tax and bookkeeping business, Julia gave up her supplemental job doing in-home pet sitting. She used to earn $10,000 per year from pet sitting. Assume that she incurred no costs for her pet sitting business. -Refer to Scenario 13-7. Julia's explicit costs are

The economic field of industrial organization examines how firms' decisions about prices and quantities depend on the market conditions they face.

Consider a small family wheat farm. List some examples of implicit costs of farming.

For a firm, the relationship between the quantity of inputs and quantity of output is called the

If a firm uses labor to produce output, the firm's production function depicts the relationship between