Exam 15: Personality in Perspective

Who credited people with the ability to learn through example and vicarious reinforcement?

Allport,Erikson,and Cattell believed that it is difficult to change any aspect of personality after the age of 5,similar to what Freud believed.

Which of the following theorists recognized the importance of social environmental factors in shaping personality?

_____ thought people were primarily rational human beings,governed by a conscious perception of themselves and their world of experience.

According to research on the effects of social environment on personality,_____.

Whether our genetic predispositions are realized depends on social and environmental conditions,particularly those of childhood.

Allport considered an infant's relationship with the _____ to be the primary source of affection and security,conditions crucial to later personality development.

In a national longitudinal survey of children ages 3 to 12,no significant problems with self-esteem were found in children when mothers:

_____ argued that we formulate hypotheses about our social world and test them against the reality of our experience.

Considerable research suggests that _____ from parents can promote a child's autonomy,competence,and self-efficacy.

A study of adolescents in Singapore found that those whose parents were _____ had greater confidence in their abilities and were better adjusted socially than those whose parents were _____.

According to research,our jobs can influence our personality.

According to the personality theory of _____,in the first two years of life,parents need to satisfy their child's physiological and safety needs,which is prerequisite to the emergence of higher order needs.

_____ implies the shaping of the self,attaining an identity,and finding a unified purpose in life.

Similar to the traits discussed by McCrae and Costa,_____ remain stable and relatively unchanging from about age 30 on.

Among the following personality theorists,whose theory has been influenced by genetic factors?

A high degree of control has been related to better coping mechanisms,fewer stress effects,and greater mental and physical strength.

Overwhelming evidence shows that _____ influences virtually every aspect of behavior.

_____ is beneficial to many aspects of life and is determined by social and environmental factors.

A review of research between early childhood experiences and adult psychopathology showed that children who grew up to become depressed and anxious adults had: