Exam 15: Personality in Perspective

_____ recognized the role of consciousness when he proposed that people have cognitive needs to know and to understand.

Describe the findings of Adler,Horney,Allport,Cattell,and Erikson about the environmental factor that affects personality.

Describe Kelly's theory on cognitive factors.Elaborate the non-conscious and its method of assessment.

Horney spoke of the impact of birth order,arguing that personality is influenced by our position in the family relative to our siblings.

Allport noted that _____ supplies the raw material of personality,while _____ shapes the material into finished products.

In child-rearing studies of more than 15,000 children,significant problems with behavior and self-esteem were found when the mothers took a job outside the home.

In a study of 32,000 people ages 21 to 60 conducted over the Internet,conscientiousness and agreeableness _____ through early and middle adulthood.

_____ believed that personality was shaped and fixed by the age of 5.

One method for studying the non-conscious involves _____,in which various stimuli are presented to research participants below their level of conscious awareness.

According to research on the influence of parental factor on personality,parents who were described as more _____ had children who were more competent and mature than children raised by permissive or indifferent parents.

According to Erikson,the formation of _____ identity is influenced by social and historical forces.

Contemporary researchers focus on unconscious cognitive processes and describe them as more _____ than _____.

According to several research studies,_____ effects on personality become increasingly important as we advance from childhood to adulthood.

According to studies of consistency in personality,_____ are consistent over the life span.

_____ believed that environmental factors can either promote or inhibit the innate need for self-actualization.

Which of the following is true about the major controversy that erupted in the late 1990s about the effect parental behaviors have on the child's personality?

Research in personality finds that traits are consistent over the life span.

_____ saw infancy as the major formative period that shapes a child's character.

The _____ approach,with its emphasis on the impact of heredity,remains a useful and growing area of personality research.

Which of the following is true of the significance of the consciousness factors in the various personality theories?