Question 1

Restriction enzymes are especially useful for genetic recombination work for all of the following reasons,except:

Accepted Answer

A)  They cut DNA in the middle of specific sequences. 
B)  They cut DNA independent of the source of the DNA. 
C)  They often generate single stranded tails or "sticky ends". 
D)  There are a large variety of them commercially available. 
E)  All of these traits make restriction enzymes useful. 
A)  They cut DNA in the middle of specific sequences. 
B)  They cut DNA independent of the source of the DNA. 
C)  They often generate single stranded tails or "sticky ends". 
D)  There are a large variety of them commercially available. 
E)  All of these traits make restriction enzymes useful.

Question 2

One major obstacle to using bacteria to produce human proteins is bacteria do not have the cellular apparatus to splice introns out of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Microarrays allow the analysis of thousands of samples of DNA or protein to be performed simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is an example of how genetic engineering is currently used to increase food production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetically modified plants have been developed that are resistant to herbicides. 
B)  Genetically modified plants have been developed which contain a gene that confers a natural resistance to certain insects. 
C)  Hormones are given to cows to increase milk production. 
D)  Genetically modified plants have been developed which are resistant to frost. 
E)  All of these are examples of genetic engineering in agriculture. 
A)  Genetically modified plants have been developed that are resistant to herbicides. 
B)  Genetically modified plants have been developed which contain a gene that confers a natural resistance to certain insects. 
C)  Hormones are given to cows to increase milk production. 
D)  Genetically modified plants have been developed which are resistant to frost. 
E)  All of these are examples of genetic engineering in agriculture.

Question 5

Which of the following parameters affects the distance DNA molecules migrate during electrophoresis,at pH = 8?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mass of the DNA 
B)  The total ionic charge on the DNA molecule 
C)  The fact that each nucleotide contributes one negative charge at this pH. 
D)  The concentration of agarose or polyacrylamide in the gel. 
E)  All of these features control the distance the DNA migrates. 
A)  The mass of the DNA 
B)  The total ionic charge on the DNA molecule 
C)  The fact that each nucleotide contributes one negative charge at this pH. 
D)  The concentration of agarose or polyacrylamide in the gel. 
E)  All of these features control the distance the DNA migrates.

Question 6

An isoschizomer is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA sequence that is identical to one in a different organsim 
B)  a DNA sequence from a virus that mimics a sequence in bacteria 
C)  enzyme that cuts DNA from the 3' end 
D)  a restriction enzyme that has the same sequence specificity as another restriction enzyme from a different organism 
E)  none of these is correct 
A)  a DNA sequence that is identical to one in a different organsim 
B)  a DNA sequence from a virus that mimics a sequence in bacteria 
C)  enzyme that cuts DNA from the 3' end 
D)  a restriction enzyme that has the same sequence specificity as another restriction enzyme from a different organism 
E)  none of these is correct

Question 7

The presence of bacterial or viral clones is detected experimentally by

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of colonies or plaques on a suitably prepared Petri dish. 
B)  gel electrophoresis. 
C)  analytical ultracentrifugation. 
D)  x-ray crystallography. 
A)  the presence of colonies or plaques on a suitably prepared Petri dish. 
B)  gel electrophoresis. 
C)  analytical ultracentrifugation. 
D)  x-ray crystallography.

Question 8

The following steps are all involved in genetic recombination: 1.Screening for cells that contain the recombined gene.
2)Cutting the vector with restriction enzyme.
3)Mixing the gene of interest with the vector.
4)Isolating the gene of interest from its original source.
5)Ligating the gene of interest and the vector together.
The following sequence of these five steps would be typical:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 2 3 4 5 
B)  2 3 5 1 4 
C)  5 4 3 2 1 
D)  4 2 3 5 1 
E)  2 3 5 4 1 
A)  1 2 3 4 5 
B)  2 3 5 1 4 
C)  5 4 3 2 1 
D)  4 2 3 5 1 
E)  2 3 5 4 1

Question 9

How does an expression vector differ from a regular cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  An expression vector does not have an origin of replication. 
B)  An expression vector is always a linear molecule, while a cloning vector may be circular. 
C)  An expression vector has the ability to have the inserted DNA be transcribed. 
D)  An expression vector must be of viral origin, so that it can infect a cell naturally. 
A)  An expression vector does not have an origin of replication. 
B)  An expression vector is always a linear molecule, while a cloning vector may be circular. 
C)  An expression vector has the ability to have the inserted DNA be transcribed. 
D)  An expression vector must be of viral origin, so that it can infect a cell naturally.

Question 10

Which of the following is a unique feature of qPCR compared to the original PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  qPCR uses a DNA polymerase from a heat stable source 
B)  qPCR requires a primer 
C)  qPCR allows the reaction to run until all of the primers have been exhausted 
D)  In qPCR, the speed with which the DNA is produced is used to estimate how much of the original template was in the reaction vessel 
A)  qPCR uses a DNA polymerase from a heat stable source 
B)  qPCR requires a primer 
C)  qPCR allows the reaction to run until all of the primers have been exhausted 
D)  In qPCR, the speed with which the DNA is produced is used to estimate how much of the original template was in the reaction vessel

Question 11

The following blotting procedure is named for the scientist who invented it:

Accepted Answer

A)  Eastern. 
B)  Northern. 
C)  Southern. 
D)  Western. 
E)  More than one of these methods is named for the scientist who invented it. 
A)  Eastern. 
B)  Northern. 
C)  Southern. 
D)  Western. 
E)  More than one of these methods is named for the scientist who invented it.

Question 12

Genetic engineering which recombines DNA from different species is

Accepted Answer

A)  a molecular extension of traditional cross-breeding methods. 
B)  only possible with plants. 
C)  only possible with animals. 
D)  only possible with bacteria. 
A)  a molecular extension of traditional cross-breeding methods. 
B)  only possible with plants. 
C)  only possible with animals. 
D)  only possible with bacteria.

Question 13

Fluorescent techniques can detect concentrations as low as

Accepted Answer

A)  molar (101 M). 
B)  micromolar (10-6 M). 
C)  picomolar (10-12 M). 
D)  attamolar (10-18 M). 
A)  molar (101 M). 
B)  micromolar (10-6 M). 
C)  picomolar (10-12 M). 
D)  attamolar (10-18 M).

Question 14

Multi-cloning sites ("poly-linkers") in most commercially available plasmids offer all the following advantages over the earlier plasmids used in genetic recombination except:

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be used with a wide variety of restriction enzymes. 
B)  They assure that only the desired DNA will be inserted into the plasmid. 
C)  They enable easy control of the direction of insertion of the gene of interest. 
D)  They are usually adjacent to any necessary promoters for gene expression. 
E)  All of these are advantages. 
A)  They can be used with a wide variety of restriction enzymes. 
B)  They assure that only the desired DNA will be inserted into the plasmid. 
C)  They enable easy control of the direction of insertion of the gene of interest. 
D)  They are usually adjacent to any necessary promoters for gene expression. 
E)  All of these are advantages.

Question 15

Enzymes that seal nicks in DNA are called

Accepted Answer

A)  restriction enzymes. 
B)  bacteriophages. 
C)  ligases. 
D)  exonucleases. 
A)  restriction enzymes. 
B)  bacteriophages. 
C)  ligases. 
D)  exonucleases.

Question 16

Forensic uses of DNA to identify victims or criminals exploit the following trait in DNA:

Accepted Answer

A)  Differences in sizes of DNA fragments (RFLPs). 
B)  Footprinting. 
C)  Site directed mutations. 
D)  DNA with proteins bound moves slower in gel electrophoresis. 
E)  More than one of these is important in using DNA for forensic identification. 
A)  Differences in sizes of DNA fragments (RFLPs). 
B)  Footprinting. 
C)  Site directed mutations. 
D)  DNA with proteins bound moves slower in gel electrophoresis. 
E)  More than one of these is important in using DNA for forensic identification.

Question 17

In DNA sequencing,fragments to be analyzed are produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  acid hydrolysis 
B)  base hydrolysis 
C)  selective interruption of DNA synthesis 
D)  exposure to 32P 
A)  acid hydrolysis 
B)  base hydrolysis 
C)  selective interruption of DNA synthesis 
D)  exposure to 32P

Question 18

A transcriptome is

Accepted Answer

A)  an mRNA-based vector. 
B)  three-dimensional mRNA structure. 
C)  a collection of all the genes being transcribed in a given cell or tissue at a given time. 
D)  the mRNA transcribed to produce a fusion protein. 
A)  an mRNA-based vector. 
B)  three-dimensional mRNA structure. 
C)  a collection of all the genes being transcribed in a given cell or tissue at a given time. 
D)  the mRNA transcribed to produce a fusion protein.

Question 19

A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is used to make plants resistant against all insects which might feed on the plant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Slight differences in a given gene between the two homologous chromosomes are called

Accepted Answer

A)  vectors. 
B)  homologies. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  fingerprints. 
A)  vectors. 
B)  homologies. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  fingerprints.

Exam 13: Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Restriction enzymes are especially useful for genetic recombination work for all of the following reasons,except:

One major obstacle to using bacteria to produce human proteins is bacteria do not have the cellular apparatus to splice introns out of mRNA.

Microarrays allow the analysis of thousands of samples of DNA or protein to be performed simultaneously.

Which of the following conditions is an example of how genetic engineering is currently used to increase food production?

Which of the following parameters affects the distance DNA molecules migrate during electrophoresis,at pH = 8?

An isoschizomer is a(n)

The presence of bacterial or viral clones is detected experimentally by

How does an expression vector differ from a regular cloning vector?

Which of the following is a unique feature of qPCR compared to the original PCR?

The following blotting procedure is named for the scientist who invented it:

Genetic engineering which recombines DNA from different species is

Fluorescent techniques can detect concentrations as low as

Multi-cloning sites ("poly-linkers") in most commercially available plasmids offer all the following advantages over the earlier plasmids used in genetic recombination except:

Enzymes that seal nicks in DNA are called

Forensic uses of DNA to identify victims or criminals exploit the following trait in DNA:

In DNA sequencing,fragments to be analyzed are produced by

A transcriptome is

A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is used to make plants resistant against all insects which might feed on the plant.

Slight differences in a given gene between the two homologous chromosomes are called

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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