Question 1

A plasmid is

Accepted Answer

A)  a virus that infects bacteria. 
B)  a piece of DNA derived from two or more sources. 
C)  a small circular DNA that is not part of a bacterial chromosome. 
D)  an artificially created cytoplasm. 
A)  a virus that infects bacteria. 
B)  a piece of DNA derived from two or more sources. 
C)  a small circular DNA that is not part of a bacterial chromosome. 
D)  an artificially created cytoplasm.

Question 2

In recombinant DNA technology

Accepted Answer

A)  vectors are used as carriers for recombinant genes. 
B)  it is possible to insert eukaryotic genes into prokaryotic DNA. 
C)  foreign DNA is frequently inserted into a bacterial plasmid. 
D)  all of these 
A)  vectors are used as carriers for recombinant genes. 
B)  it is possible to insert eukaryotic genes into prokaryotic DNA. 
C)  foreign DNA is frequently inserted into a bacterial plasmid. 
D)  all of these

Question 3

Modern genetic engineering allows the following manipulation,which was not available using traditional breeding methods:

Accepted Answer

A)  It is now possible to cross different strains or varieties of the same species. 
B)  It is now possible to include genes from different species, or even different kingdoms in the same organism. 
C)  It is now possible to produce organisms which are more hardy or which produce bigger or more fruit. 
D)  The premise of the question is invalid, since there really is no substantive difference between modern genetic engineering and traditional breeding methods. 
E)  All of these were possible using traditional breeding methods. 
A)  It is now possible to cross different strains or varieties of the same species. 
B)  It is now possible to include genes from different species, or even different kingdoms in the same organism. 
C)  It is now possible to produce organisms which are more hardy or which produce bigger or more fruit. 
D)  The premise of the question is invalid, since there really is no substantive difference between modern genetic engineering and traditional breeding methods. 
E)  All of these were possible using traditional breeding methods.

Question 4

The RFLP technique

Accepted Answer

A)  is of most use with prokaryotic DNA 
B)  is of no use on DNA that contains introns 
C)  is used on the DNA of organisms that have two sets of chromosomes 
D)  provides fewer genetic markers than classical genetic techniques 
A)  is of most use with prokaryotic DNA 
B)  is of no use on DNA that contains introns 
C)  is used on the DNA of organisms that have two sets of chromosomes 
D)  provides fewer genetic markers than classical genetic techniques

Question 5

Which of the following is not a potential benefit of creating a fusion protein in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a signal peptide is included, the protein may be excreted from the cell, making it easier to isolate. 
B)  If certain sequences are produced (for example, a histidine oligopeptide), the protein may be isolated by affinity chromatography. 
C)  The protein is less likely to be antigenic. 
D)  Both signal peptides and histidine oligomers are useful. 
E)  All of these reasons are benefits to the protein product. 
A)  If a signal peptide is included, the protein may be excreted from the cell, making it easier to isolate. 
B)  If certain sequences are produced (for example, a histidine oligopeptide), the protein may be isolated by affinity chromatography. 
C)  The protein is less likely to be antigenic. 
D)  Both signal peptides and histidine oligomers are useful. 
E)  All of these reasons are benefits to the protein product.

Question 6

The best primers for the PCR reaction have the following feature:

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a high G-C content. 
B)  They have a high A-T content. 
C)  They should be palindromic. 
D)  The AT/GC ratio does not matter. 
E)  They should anneal rapidly, before the larger DNA strands reanneal. 
A)  They have a high G-C content. 
B)  They have a high A-T content. 
C)  They should be palindromic. 
D)  The AT/GC ratio does not matter. 
E)  They should anneal rapidly, before the larger DNA strands reanneal.

Question 7

Exhibit 13A This is a map of the pBR322 plasmid,numbers on the map refer to the base where the site is located.
  Refer to Exhibit 13A.If a recombinant plasmid was obtained inserting DNA into the BamHI site,screening for the recombinant plasmid can be done by the following technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain ampicillin. 
B)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain tetracycline. 
C)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain both ampicillin and tetracycline. 
D)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain ampicillin, followed by replica plating on tetracycline. 
E)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain tetracycline, followed by replica plating on ampicillin. 
A)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain ampicillin. 
B)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain tetracycline. 
C)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain both ampicillin and tetracycline. 
D)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain ampicillin, followed by replica plating on tetracycline. 
E)  Plate on nutrient agar plates that contain tetracycline, followed by replica plating on ampicillin.

Question 8

Sometimes DNA probes are used to prove that a gene has been incorporated into a eukaryotic genome.The following are all steps used in such a procedure,except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Digestion of the cellular DNA to break it into manageable sizes. 
B)  Separation of the fragments by gel electrophoresis. 
C)  Hybridization of a nucleic acid strand complementary to the gene of interest. 
D)  Elution of the hybridized DNA from the gel for analysis. 
E)  All of these steps are necessary in probing for the presence of a gene. 
A)  Digestion of the cellular DNA to break it into manageable sizes. 
B)  Separation of the fragments by gel electrophoresis. 
C)  Hybridization of a nucleic acid strand complementary to the gene of interest. 
D)  Elution of the hybridized DNA from the gel for analysis. 
E)  All of these steps are necessary in probing for the presence of a gene.

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning restriction endonucleases is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They attack RNA, not DNA. 
B)  They can produce "sticky ends". 
C)  They attack single-stranded sequences only. 
D)  They do not display sequence specificity in their site of attack. 
A)  They attack RNA, not DNA. 
B)  They can produce "sticky ends". 
C)  They attack single-stranded sequences only. 
D)  They do not display sequence specificity in their site of attack.

Question 10

During the simplest type of genetic recombination,there is a ____ chance that the gene will be inserted in the correct direction.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75% 
E)  100% 
A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75% 
E)  100%

Question 11

Exhibit 13A This is a map of the pBR322 plasmid,numbers on the map refer to the base where the site is located.
 
Refer to Exhibit 13A.If the region between the 2 sites for HgiEII were deleted,the resulting plasmid

Accepted Answer

A)  would be useless as it would lack an origin of replication. 
B)  would work well for cloning. 
C)  would be about 2.6 kb in length. 
D)  would confer resistance to ampicillin but not tetracycline. 
A)  would be useless as it would lack an origin of replication. 
B)  would work well for cloning. 
C)  would be about 2.6 kb in length. 
D)  would confer resistance to ampicillin but not tetracycline.

Question 12

Exhibit 13D The plasmid pSU922 is a circular DNA containing 25000 base pairs.The b-gal gene codes for the enzyme b-galactosidase,the product of which will turn bacterial colonies blue when grown in the presence of X-gal; the AmpR gene confers ampicillin resistance.
  Refer to Exhibit 13D.Which restriction site is best for inserting a DNA fragment for analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  BamHI 
B)  EcoRI 
C)  HindIII 
D)  They're all equally good. 
A)  BamHI 
B)  EcoRI 
C)  HindIII 
D)  They're all equally good.

Question 13

When fluorescence detection methods are used in biotechnology they

Accepted Answer

A)  have limitations due to low sensitivity 
B)  can be used for only one substance at a time 
C)  are not used in DNA sequencing 
D)  do not present the hazards associated with radioactivity 
A)  have limitations due to low sensitivity 
B)  can be used for only one substance at a time 
C)  are not used in DNA sequencing 
D)  do not present the hazards associated with radioactivity

Question 14

RNA is sequenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  exactly the same methods as those used for proteins 
B)  exactly the same methods as those used for DNA 
C)  sequencing the complementary DNA produced by the reverse transcriptase reaction 
D)  a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation and ultraviolet spectroscopy 
A)  exactly the same methods as those used for proteins 
B)  exactly the same methods as those used for DNA 
C)  sequencing the complementary DNA produced by the reverse transcriptase reaction 
D)  a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation and ultraviolet spectroscopy

Question 15

Genetic engineering

Accepted Answer

A)  is being used to produce improved crop plants. 
B)  may provide therapy for diseases of genetic origin. 
C)  neither of these 
D)  both of these 
A)  is being used to produce improved crop plants. 
B)  may provide therapy for diseases of genetic origin. 
C)  neither of these 
D)  both of these

Question 16

Which of the following proteins has been successfully produced through genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  human growth hormone 
C)  tissue plasminogen activator 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  All of the above proteins have been produced successfully. 
A)  insulin 
B)  human growth hormone 
C)  tissue plasminogen activator 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  All of the above proteins have been produced successfully.

Question 17

Expression libraries are most often made from

Accepted Answer

A)  the mRNA found with a given cell or tissue. 
B)  the genome of a given cell or tissue. 
C)  the promoters of a given cell or tissue. 
D)  the DNA of a single chromosome from cell type or tissue. 
A)  the mRNA found with a given cell or tissue. 
B)  the genome of a given cell or tissue. 
C)  the promoters of a given cell or tissue. 
D)  the DNA of a single chromosome from cell type or tissue.

Question 18

Migration of DNA during electrophoresis is based

Accepted Answer

A)  mostly on the size of the molecule, since the ratio of charge to mass is approximately the same, no matter how large the DNA is. 
B)  mostly on the charge of the molecule, since the ratio of charge to mass is approximately the same, no matter how large the DNA is. 
C)  mostly on the charge-to-mass ratio since this can vary greatly among pieces of DNA. 
D)  on parameters not understood well. 
A)  mostly on the size of the molecule, since the ratio of charge to mass is approximately the same, no matter how large the DNA is. 
B)  mostly on the charge of the molecule, since the ratio of charge to mass is approximately the same, no matter how large the DNA is. 
C)  mostly on the charge-to-mass ratio since this can vary greatly among pieces of DNA. 
D)  on parameters not understood well.

Question 19

An expression library contains genes corresponding to all of the following,except:

Accepted Answer

A)  The mRNA made in a specific cell type. 
B)  The genes for all the proteins found in an organism. 
C)  The mRNA made in a specific tissue. 
D)  The genes expressed during a particular developmental stage of the organism. 
E)  An expression library could be any of these choices. 
A)  The mRNA made in a specific cell type. 
B)  The genes for all the proteins found in an organism. 
C)  The mRNA made in a specific tissue. 
D)  The genes expressed during a particular developmental stage of the organism. 
E)  An expression library could be any of these choices.

Question 20

Which of the following conditions is not a requirement to assure production of a protein when a plasmid is being designed to express a eukaryotic protein in a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introns must be deleted from the gene. 
B)  The cloning site must include an RNA polymerase promoter. 
C)  The mRNA product must contain a ribosome-binding site. 
D)  Differences in the genetic code between eukaryotes and prokaryotes must be accommodated. 
E)  All of these conditions must be met. 
A)  Introns must be deleted from the gene. 
B)  The cloning site must include an RNA polymerase promoter. 
C)  The mRNA product must contain a ribosome-binding site. 
D)  Differences in the genetic code between eukaryotes and prokaryotes must be accommodated. 
E)  All of these conditions must be met.

Exam 13: Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

A plasmid is

In recombinant DNA technology

Modern genetic engineering allows the following manipulation,which was not available using traditional breeding methods:

The RFLP technique

Which of the following is not a potential benefit of creating a fusion protein in genetic engineering?

The best primers for the PCR reaction have the following feature:

Exhibit 13A This is a map of the pBR322 plasmid,numbers on the map refer to the base where the site is located. Refer to Exhibit 13A.If a recombinant plasmid was obtained inserting DNA into the BamHI site,screening for the recombinant plasmid can be done by the following technique.

Sometimes DNA probes are used to prove that a gene has been incorporated into a eukaryotic genome.The following are all steps used in such a procedure,except:

Which of the following statements concerning restriction endonucleases is true?

During the simplest type of genetic recombination,there is a ____ chance that the gene will be inserted in the correct direction.

Exhibit 13A This is a map of the pBR322 plasmid,numbers on the map refer to the base where the site is located. Refer to Exhibit 13A.If the region between the 2 sites for HgiEII were deleted,the resulting plasmid

When fluorescence detection methods are used in biotechnology they

RNA is sequenced by

Genetic engineering

Which of the following proteins has been successfully produced through genetic recombination?

Expression libraries are most often made from

Migration of DNA during electrophoresis is based

An expression library contains genes corresponding to all of the following,except:

Which of the following conditions is not a requirement to assure production of a protein when a plasmid is being designed to express a eukaryotic protein in a bacterium?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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