Exam 3: The Self

Research suggests that if you really want to change your self-concept, you should ____.

Doing an activity for its own sake involves ____.

Consider the following passage from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: "There are wealthy gentlemen in England who drive four-horse passenger coaches twenty or thirty miles on a daily line, in the summer, because the privilege costs them considerable money; but if they were offered wages for the service that would turn it into work then they would resign." This passage illustrates the concept of ____.

A classic article by sociologist Ralph Turner noted that different cultures, at different times, have defined the true self by placing emphasis on either of two main approaches. These approaches are ____.

Social psychologists have found that there is usually a very good match between ____.

When they are not keeping track of how much they are eating (e.g., when they are intoxicated or emotionally absorbed in a television show), ____.

Kendall was always the class clown. When he goes to university far from home, though, he really changes who he is. He becomes very studious and interested in research, and starts to run around with "smart" kids instead of kids who party all the time (like he did in high school). Kendall's experience at university BEST illustrates ____.

When Jason starts college, he comes from a very conservative religious background. He strongly feels that homosexuality is "wrong" and "immoral," although he has never actually met anyone who is a homosexual. At college, he meets lots of new friends, a few of whom are homosexual. He really enjoys them, and as he spends more time with them he decides, "I must not really think homosexuality is wrong. After all, several of my best friends are gay and I don't think they are immoral." Which theory can BEST explain Jason's change in attitude about homosexuality?

Suppose that you want your brother to remember the word "conniving." Would he remember the word better if you asked him if he was ever conniving?

Most of the time, people tend to ____ when they are successful (e.g., when they win a tennis match) and ____ when they are unsuccessful (e.g., when they lose a tennis match).

Nearly all children start talking about standards at age ____, which is the age at which ____.

Research suggests that most people have high self-esteem and distorted, overly positive views about themselves. How are people able to consistently fool themselves? Discuss at least three different "strategies" or "factors" that enable people to maintain these views.

Research suggests that ____ tend to have more interdependent self-construals, whereas ____ tend to have more independent self-construals.

Increasing self-awareness tends to make people ____.

Most social psychologists today view self-presentation as ____.

When Wanda thinks about her childhood, she tends to remember herself as a sickly child. She recalls that she was at home with a cold at least six or seven times a year. However, if we were able to go back in time and see for ourselves, we would probably find that ____.

Given the research on positive illusions, which of the following is probably FALSE?

Suppose that Ted and Ed are both very high in public self-awareness. This means that they tend to ____.

Suppose that you are studying the concept of self-handicapping. Research shows that you will be able to remember this concept especially well if you link it to yourself in some way (e.g., by thinking of personal examples of times that you yourself engaged in self-handicapping). This demonstrates the power of ____.

Compared to people with high self-esteem, people with low self-esteem have ____.