Exam 2: Psychologys Scientific Method

Longitudinal designs differ from cross-sectional designs in that cross-sectional designs

Professor Wong measured the intelligence and temperament of a group of preschoolers.He plans to follow the same group of participants over time and collect similar data when the children are in 3rd grade,6th grade,and 9th grade.Which type of research design does this scenario exemplify?

Sonja is being treated by her psychiatrist for an anxiety disorder.Her therapist knows the extent of Sonja's faith in medication and gives her pills that contain no active ingredients.Despite this,Sonja's anxiety decreases.Sonja's recovery is due to her belief that the pill has taken away her anxiety.This is an example of

The entire group about which an investigator wants to draw conclusions is the

Which of the following statements is true of the event-contingent responding method?

Professor Jacobs believes that sleep deprivation is related to conflicts between roommates.He collects data on the number of hours of sleep and the number of conflicts for a group of college students over the course of a month.He obtains a correlation coefficient of -0.75.In the context of correlational research,which of the following is the most likely conclusion from the results of his study?

Professor Jordan has suggested to his students that a strong relationship exists between the number of hours they spend studying and their grade on the final exam.He would like his students to improve their test scores by increasing the time they spend studying.The professor is describing a

Which of the following is a caution about experimental research?

Explain the concepts of random assignment and random sample.State the difference between the two.

An experimenter studies the relationship between caffeine and reaction time.She designs her experiment with four groups.Group 1 receives 100 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee,group 2 receives 200 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee,group 3 receives 300 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee,and group 4 receives no coffee.Twenty minutes later,participants from all the groups are given a reaction-time test. In this experiment,which group is the control group?

Dr.Klaus conducted a research in psychology that established that the number of hours of study before a test is directly proportional to the performance in the test.In the context of correlational research,it can be said that _____ exists between the two variables.

Professor Rodman,a social psychologist,studied the relationship between the severity of injuries in automobile accidents and the use of seat belts.He obtained a correlation coefficient of -0.72.In the context of correlational research,which of the following conclusions will the professor most likely arrive at?

If a causal link did exist between two variables,a correlation between them can tell us about the direction of that link.

Participants in an experimental research study listen to a lecture either in a lecture hall filled with natural light or in a lecture hall with no windows and artificial light.Before leaving the lecture halls,the participants fill out a mood survey.What is the independent variable in this study?

In the context of descriptive research methods in psychology,_____ are performed mainly by clinical psychologists when,for either practical or ethical reasons,the unique aspects of an individual's life cannot be duplicated and tested with other individuals.

When conducting an experiment on time management,Jamie assigns everyone who arrives before noon to the experimental group and everyone who arrives after 12 noon to the control group.In the context of experimental research methods,what is wrong with Jamie's experiment?

In a psychological experiment,the dependent variable is the cause and the independent variable is the effect.

Joshua designs a research study to investigate the relationship between two variables: the size of a person's head and IQ level.He measures each variable without manipulating either of the variables and finds that IQ is higher for subjects with bigger heads.In the context of correlational research,what can Joshua conclude?

Professor Bobson conducts a study that requires his participants to fill a questionnaire with two options: "ethical" or "unethical." This leads most of his subjects to choose the ethical option.The professor's choice marking his options as ethical or unethical is the study's

If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions from her research,which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design?