Question 1

What did the Dadaists declare about art?

Accepted Answer

The Dadaists, a group of avant-garde artists and writers in the early 20th century, declared a radical shift in the understanding and purpose of art. They emerged as a reaction to the horrors of World War I, and their movement was characterized by a profound disillusionment with traditional cultural and aesthetic values.

Dadaists declared that art should not conform to conventional standards of beauty, logic, or reason. They believed that the established artistic and social order had led to the catastrophic war, and thus sought to undermine these institutions through their art. They embraced chaos, irrationality, and nonsense as a means to critique and challenge the status quo.

Their approach to art was often provocative, irreverent, and satirical. They used unorthodox techniques, materials, and performances to create their works, which could include anything from poetry, collage, and photomontage to readymades (ordinary manufactured objects presented as art) and performance art. One of the most famous examples of Dada art is Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain" (1917), a standard urinal signed "R. Mutt" and submitted to an art exhibition as a sculpture.

The Dadaists' declaration about art was essentially a call to arms for freedom of expression and a challenge to the conventions of the art world. They sought to dismantle the boundaries between art and life, believing that art could be made by anyone and could be anything. Their legacy has had a lasting impact on the development of modern and contemporary art, influencing movements such as Surrealism, Pop Art, and Conceptual Art.

Question 2

Surrealism began as a literary movement after World War I,and the group based their writings on the nonrational,using a technique known as __________ writing.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​free associative 
B)  ​unconscious 
C)  ​automatic 
D)  ​nonlinear 
E)  ​existentialist 
A)  ​free associative 
B)  ​unconscious 
C)  ​automatic 
D)  ​nonlinear 
E)  ​existentialist C

Question 3

The term Cubism,coined by a hostile critic,is limiting because it is an inadequate description that ignores the movement's most significant contribution: a new treatment of pictorial space that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​juxtaposed unrelated objects into odd situations 
B)  ​was composed of linear patterning 
C)  ​used color to create a sense of depth 
D)  ​delineated shapes and depth with blocks of thickly applied paint 
E)  ​rendered objects from multiple and radically different views 
A)  ​juxtaposed unrelated objects into odd situations 
B)  ​was composed of linear patterning 
C)  ​used color to create a sense of depth 
D)  ​delineated shapes and depth with blocks of thickly applied paint 
E)  ​rendered objects from multiple and radically different views E

Question 4

Identify the three artistic movements of the early twentieth century that are termed Expressionistic.

Accepted Answer

The early twentieth century saw the emer

Question 5

Along with their interest in psychoanalysis,the Surrealists also incorporated some of the attitudes and techniques of the __________ movements.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Fauvist and Die Brücke 
B)  ​Dadaists 
C)  ​Synthetic Cubist and Fauvist 
D)  ​Impressionist and Synthetist 
E)  ​Post-Impressionist and Der Blaue Reiter 
A)  ​Fauvist and Die Brücke 
B)  ​Dadaists 
C)  ​Synthetic Cubist and Fauvist 
D)  ​Impressionist and Synthetist 
E)  ​Post-Impressionist and Der Blaue Reiter

Question 6

Which of the following statements does not set the Fauves apart from their 19th-century predecessors?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They used harsh, nondescriptive color as an end in itself. 
B)  ​Their subject matter centered on traditional nudes, still lifes, and landscapes. 
C)  ​They used bold linear patterning. 
D)  ​Their skewed perspective and distortions were inspired by ethnographic works. 
E)  ​They sought a more direct form of expression, unencumbered by any theories. 
A)  ​They used harsh, nondescriptive color as an end in itself. 
B)  ​Their subject matter centered on traditional nudes, still lifes, and landscapes. 
C)  ​They used bold linear patterning. 
D)  ​Their skewed perspective and distortions were inspired by ethnographic works. 
E)  ​They sought a more direct form of expression, unencumbered by any theories.

Question 7

The American photographer __________ first supported the development of abstract art in America by exhibiting modern European works alongside American art in his __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Ansel Adams; studio 
B)  ​Alfred Stieglitz; 291 Gallery 
C)  ​Edward Steichen; Little Gallery on 5th Ave 
D)  ​Nadar; loft 
E)  ​Matthew Brady; studio in Washington, D.C 
A)  ​Ansel Adams; studio 
B)  ​Alfred Stieglitz; 291 Gallery 
C)  ​Edward Steichen; Little Gallery on 5th Ave 
D)  ​Nadar; loft 
E)  ​Matthew Brady; studio in Washington, D.C

Question 8

Explain why Charles Demuth belonged to a group of artists known as the "Cubo-Realists."

Accepted Answer

Charles Demuth belonged to a group of ar

Question 9

For works such as White Iris,Georgia O'Keeffe captured the essence of her subject utilizing all of the following techniques except __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  magnifying and abstracting the details of her botanical subjects​ 
B)  ​simplifying their forms 
C)  ​using a dark and psychologically distressing color palette 
D)  ​creating animistic plants that have an organic, reaching quality 
E)  ​painting petals reminiscent of parts of the female body 
A)  magnifying and abstracting the details of her botanical subjects​ 
B)  ​simplifying their forms 
C)  ​using a dark and psychologically distressing color palette 
D)  ​creating animistic plants that have an organic, reaching quality 
E)  ​painting petals reminiscent of parts of the female body

Question 10

"All painting is composed of line and color.Line and color are the essence of painting.Hence they must be freed from their bondage to the imitation of nature and allowed to exist for themselves." An example of a painting this artist is referring to is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Max Ernst's Two Children Threatened by a Nightingale 
B)  ​Jean Miró's Painting 
C)  ​Georges Braque's The Portuguese 
D)  ​Wasily Kandinsky's Sketch I for Composition VII 
E)  ​Piet Mondrian's Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow 
A)  ​Max Ernst's Two Children Threatened by a Nightingale 
B)  ​Jean Miró's Painting 
C)  ​Georges Braque's The Portuguese 
D)  ​Wasily Kandinsky's Sketch I for Composition VII 
E)  ​Piet Mondrian's Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow

Question 11

What type of art was prevalent in America prior to the First World War?

Accepted Answer

Prior to the First World War, American a

Question 12

What event drove major refugee artists to the United States,thereby moving the center of the art world to New York?

Accepted Answer

The event that drove major refugee artis

Question 13

Describe Pablo Picasso's Blue Period,using his The Old Guitarist as an example.

Accepted Answer

Pablo Picasso's Blue Period, which laste

Question 14

Explain the difference between Illusionistic Surrealism and Automatist Surrealism,and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Illusionistic Surrealism and Automatist

Question 15

In Constantin Brancusi's sculptures,such as Bird in Space,he reached for the essence of the subject by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​leaving a few recognizable features for the viewer 
B)  ​finding the simplest form that, along with a title, would fire recognition in the viewer 
C)  ​purposefully stripping away any nod at representation and allowing the title to determine the subject 
D)  ​trying to depict movement in a manner similar to Umberto Boccioni 
E)  ​following the tenets of Autonomist Surrealism 
A)  ​leaving a few recognizable features for the viewer 
B)  ​finding the simplest form that, along with a title, would fire recognition in the viewer 
C)  ​purposefully stripping away any nod at representation and allowing the title to determine the subject 
D)  ​trying to depict movement in a manner similar to Umberto Boccioni 
E)  ​following the tenets of Autonomist Surrealism

Question 16

Discuss how modern artists,beginning with Gustave Courbet,managed to persist despite hostile criticism from the art establishment.

Accepted Answer

Modern artists, starting with Gustave Co

Question 17

Describe Naum Gabo's Column and the Constructivist aesthetic and theory behind it.

Accepted Answer

Naum Gabo's Column is a pioneering work

Question 18

Discuss Joan Miró's approach to painting,his influences,and his technique.

Accepted Answer

Joan Miró was a Spanish painter known fo

Question 19

The representation of incredible images from the artist's mind is known as __________,and one of the most whimsical of these artists is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Surrealism; Salvador Dalí 
B)  ​Dada; Marcel Duchamp 
C)  ​Fantastic art; Paul Klee 
D)  ​Automatic writing; Giorgio de Chirico 
E)  ​Free association; Joan Miró 
A)  ​Surrealism; Salvador Dalí 
B)  ​Dada; Marcel Duchamp 
C)  ​Fantastic art; Paul Klee 
D)  ​Automatic writing; Giorgio de Chirico 
E)  ​Free association; Joan Miró

Question 20

Explain how the Fauves got their name.

Accepted Answer

The Fauves got their name from the Frenc

Exam 20: The Twentieth Century: The Early Years

What did the Dadaists declare about art?

Surrealism began as a literary movement after World War I,and the group based their writings on the nonrational,using a technique known as __________ writing.

The term Cubism,coined by a hostile critic,is limiting because it is an inadequate description that ignores the movement's most significant contribution: a new treatment of pictorial space that __________.

Identify the three artistic movements of the early twentieth century that are termed Expressionistic.

Along with their interest in psychoanalysis,the Surrealists also incorporated some of the attitudes and techniques of the __________ movements.

Which of the following statements does not set the Fauves apart from their 19th-century predecessors?

The American photographer __________ first supported the development of abstract art in America by exhibiting modern European works alongside American art in his __________.

Explain why Charles Demuth belonged to a group of artists known as the "Cubo-Realists."

For works such as White Iris,Georgia O'Keeffe captured the essence of her subject utilizing all of the following techniques except __________.

"All painting is composed of line and color.Line and color are the essence of painting.Hence they must be freed from their bondage to the imitation of nature and allowed to exist for themselves." An example of a painting this artist is referring to is __________.

What type of art was prevalent in America prior to the First World War?

What event drove major refugee artists to the United States,thereby moving the center of the art world to New York?

Describe Pablo Picasso's Blue Period,using his The Old Guitarist as an example.

Explain the difference between Illusionistic Surrealism and Automatist Surrealism,and provide an example of each.

In Constantin Brancusi's sculptures,such as Bird in Space,he reached for the essence of the subject by __________.

Discuss how modern artists,beginning with Gustave Courbet,managed to persist despite hostile criticism from the art establishment.

Describe Naum Gabo's Column and the Constructivist aesthetic and theory behind it.

Discuss Joan Miró's approach to painting,his influences,and his technique.

The representation of incredible images from the artist's mind is known as __________,and one of the most whimsical of these artists is __________.

Explain how the Fauves got their name.

Understanding Art

Line and Shape

Light and Color

Texture and Pattern

Space,Time,and Motion

Principles of Design

Drawing

Painting

Printmaking and Graphic Design

Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts

Sculpture, Installation, Site-Specific Art, and 3d Design

Craft Arts

Architecture and Urban Design

Art of the Ancient World

Greece, Rome, and the Early Judeo-Christian World

The Age of Faith

The Renaissance

The Baroque ERA

The Modern ERA

The Twentieth Century: Postwar to Postmodern

Art Now: A Global Perspective

Filters

The American photographer first supported the development of abstract art in America by exhibiting modern European works alongside American art in his .

The representation of incredible images from the artist's mind is known as ,and one of the most whimsical of these artists is .