Question 1

Which of the following is a culturalist explanation of gender differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Culture just exaggerates the real biological differences between men and women. 
B)  Gender differences are consistent across cultures. 
C)  Culture interacts with biological processes to produce gender differences. 
D)  Gender differences are purely the product of learning and socialization. 
A)  Culture just exaggerates the real biological differences between men and women. 
B)  Gender differences are consistent across cultures. 
C)  Culture interacts with biological processes to produce gender differences. 
D)  Gender differences are purely the product of learning and socialization. D

Question 2

On which of the following traits do men and women exhibit the strongest sexual dimorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  vertical jumping ability 
B)  sexual identity and sexual object choice 
C)  throwing ability 
D)  visual-spatial abilities 
A)  vertical jumping ability 
B)  sexual identity and sexual object choice 
C)  throwing ability 
D)  visual-spatial abilities B

Question 3

Not all men have the same degree of muscularity. Which of the following explanations best describes why this is the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some men have higher levels of testosterone than others. 
B)  Men's testosterone levels vary over time and across cultures. 
C)  Some men are more committed to exercise than others. 
D)  Men vary in the number of muscle fibers they are born with, the activities in which they engage, and their hormonal response to exercise. 
A)  Some men have higher levels of testosterone than others. 
B)  Men's testosterone levels vary over time and across cultures. 
C)  Some men are more committed to exercise than others. 
D)  Men vary in the number of muscle fibers they are born with, the activities in which they engage, and their hormonal response to exercise. D

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between nature (human biology), nurture (socialization), and gender differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature and nurture each shape sex differences in distinct and unrelated ways. 
B)  Social forces interfere with the expression of natural differences between men and women. 
C)  Nature and nurture are inseparable: they work together to produce observed sex differences. 
D)  Socialization shapes the human brain but not human biology. 
A)  Nature and nurture each shape sex differences in distinct and unrelated ways. 
B)  Social forces interfere with the expression of natural differences between men and women. 
C)  Nature and nurture are inseparable: they work together to produce observed sex differences. 
D)  Socialization shapes the human brain but not human biology.

Question 5

What are sex-influenced genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  genes that are only expressed if they occur in a male or a female body. 
B)  genes whose effect depends on whether they occur in a male or a female body. 
C)  the chromosomal pairs that differentiate genetic females from genetic males. 
D)  genes that have been connected with observable sex differences 
A)  genes that are only expressed if they occur in a male or a female body. 
B)  genes whose effect depends on whether they occur in a male or a female body. 
C)  the chromosomal pairs that differentiate genetic females from genetic males. 
D)  genes that have been connected with observable sex differences

Question 6

Suppose you analyze standardized test results for a country and discover almost identical distributions of physics scores for female and male students. Which of the following would NOT be an explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The standardized testing took place in a relatively gender-equal society. 
B)  There were no gender differences in the teaching and learning of physics in this country. 
C)  Physics ability is less likely than math to reflect real biological differences. 
D)  Physics ability is not defined as gendered in this country. 
A)  The standardized testing took place in a relatively gender-equal society. 
B)  There were no gender differences in the teaching and learning of physics in this country. 
C)  Physics ability is less likely than math to reflect real biological differences. 
D)  Physics ability is not defined as gendered in this country.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding men's and women's brains is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men are more often "left-brained" than women. 
B)  Very few differences in men's and women's brains have been linked to behavioral differences. 
C)  Men's and women's brains feature different ratios of white and grey matter. 
D)  On average, women's brains are smaller than men's brains. 
A)  Men are more often "left-brained" than women. 
B)  Very few differences in men's and women's brains have been linked to behavioral differences. 
C)  Men's and women's brains feature different ratios of white and grey matter. 
D)  On average, women's brains are smaller than men's brains.

Question 8

Considering biological causes of gender differences more immutable than social ones is a mistake because

Accepted Answer

A)  our bodies are constantly adapting and responding to our social and physical environment. 
B)  gender differences have no relationship to biology. 
C)  the real causes of gender differences are entirely social. 
D)  there is a need to improve the scientific methods employed to date. 
A)  our bodies are constantly adapting and responding to our social and physical environment. 
B)  gender differences have no relationship to biology. 
C)  the real causes of gender differences are entirely social. 
D)  there is a need to improve the scientific methods employed to date.

Question 9

The gender gap in math performance varies within and across countries. The countries with the smallest difference between their male and female students are those with

Accepted Answer

A)  the lowest rates of poverty. 
B)  the most successful education systems. 
C)  the greatest degree of overall gender equality. 
D)  the most highly developed economies. 
A)  the lowest rates of poverty. 
B)  the most successful education systems. 
C)  the greatest degree of overall gender equality. 
D)  the most highly developed economies.

Question 10

Researchers have found that men who are active parents have lower levels of testosterone than men who do not participate in parenting. Which of the following claims does this support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavior affects the body's production of hormones like testosterone. 
B)  Men with higher levels of testosterone are less likely to desire to be parents. 
C)  Women are better suited to parenting because they have lower and less variable levels of testosterone than men. 
D)  Behaviors as well as preferences are produced by inborn variations in hormone levels. 
A)  Behavior affects the body's production of hormones like testosterone. 
B)  Men with higher levels of testosterone are less likely to desire to be parents. 
C)  Women are better suited to parenting because they have lower and less variable levels of testosterone than men. 
D)  Behaviors as well as preferences are produced by inborn variations in hormone levels.

Question 11

Identical twins become genetically different over time. How can this be explained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upbringing is more important than genes. 
B)  Their environment and experiences affect how their genes are expressed. 
C)  Identical twins aren't actually 100 percent genetically identical. 
D)  It can't, because the statement is false. 
A)  Upbringing is more important than genes. 
B)  Their environment and experiences affect how their genes are expressed. 
C)  Identical twins aren't actually 100 percent genetically identical. 
D)  It can't, because the statement is false.

Question 12

Testosterone is often believed to be linked to sex differences. Which of the following statements about testosterone is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testosterone is linked to visual-spatial ability. 
B)  Men experience fluctuations in the production of testosterone in their bodies. 
C)  Women respond to testosterone at lower levels than men do. 
D)  Testosterone affects sex drive only in men. 
A)  Testosterone is linked to visual-spatial ability. 
B)  Men experience fluctuations in the production of testosterone in their bodies. 
C)  Women respond to testosterone at lower levels than men do. 
D)  Testosterone affects sex drive only in men.

Question 13

What do we learn from comparing the degree of sexual dimorphism among humans to that of other species?

Accepted Answer

A)  The human species is not sexually dimorphic. 
B)  Men and women are far more similar than they are different. 
C)  Men and women exhibit a moderate degree of sexual dimorphism. 
D)  The human species is highly sexually dimorphic. 
A)  The human species is not sexually dimorphic. 
B)  Men and women are far more similar than they are different. 
C)  Men and women exhibit a moderate degree of sexual dimorphism. 
D)  The human species is highly sexually dimorphic.

Question 14

Men typically have stronger and denser bones than women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women are more vulnerable than men to osteoporosis. 
B)  Bone strength is a good example of an immutable sex difference. 
C)  Hormonal and genetic factors contribute to men's and women's bone health. 
D)  Bone health is shaped by exercise and diet. 
A)  Women are more vulnerable than men to osteoporosis. 
B)  Bone strength is a good example of an immutable sex difference. 
C)  Hormonal and genetic factors contribute to men's and women's bone health. 
D)  Bone health is shaped by exercise and diet.

Question 15

What is sexual dimorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  the shared behavioral and physical traits of males and females 
B)  a sexual preference for the opposite sex 
C)  the average differences between males and females of a species 
D)  to identify as the opposite sex 
A)  the shared behavioral and physical traits of males and females 
B)  a sexual preference for the opposite sex 
C)  the average differences between males and females of a species 
D)  to identify as the opposite sex

Question 16

Giving examples, describe three forms of biology-society interaction that challenge thinking about bodies in a gender binary way.

Accepted Answer

1. Intersex individuals: Intersex is a b

Question 17

What is meant by the idea that many biological characteristics are mutable?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are responsive to external influences. 
B)  Biological sex differences evolve over many generations. 
C)  The primary biological characteristics that differentiate men and women have changed over time. 
D)  Biological sex differences have been found to have no scientific basis. 
A)  They are responsive to external influences. 
B)  Biological sex differences evolve over many generations. 
C)  The primary biological characteristics that differentiate men and women have changed over time. 
D)  Biological sex differences have been found to have no scientific basis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the relationship between hormones and gender?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones produce gender differences and similarities, and respond to gendered and ungendered social experiences. 
B)  Women's testosterone levels do not respond to anticipation of competition unless they are very masculine. 
C)  Men's testosterone levels will respond to driving a sports car, whether they care about the status a sports car carries or not. 
D)  Hormonal responses have no relationship to gender. 
A)  Hormones produce gender differences and similarities, and respond to gendered and ungendered social experiences. 
B)  Women's testosterone levels do not respond to anticipation of competition unless they are very masculine. 
C)  Men's testosterone levels will respond to driving a sports car, whether they care about the status a sports car carries or not. 
D)  Hormonal responses have no relationship to gender.

Question 19

Using an example of an observed sex difference, compare a naturalist and a culturalist explanation of the difference. What are the limitations of each perspective and what would be an alternative explanation?

Accepted Answer

An observed sex difference can be seen i

Question 20

The concept of "real gender differences" can be slippery. Explain why asking whether a difference observed between women and men is "real" is a misleading question and what better questions would look like. What would you argue is a better way to think about sex differences?

Accepted Answer

The concept of "real gender differences"

Which of the following is a culturalist explanation of gender differences?

On which of the following traits do men and women exhibit the strongest sexual dimorphism?

Not all men have the same degree of muscularity. Which of the following explanations best describes why this is the case?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between nature (human biology), nurture (socialization), and gender differences?

What are sex-influenced genes?

Suppose you analyze standardized test results for a country and discover almost identical distributions of physics scores for female and male students. Which of the following would NOT be an explanation?

Which of the following statements regarding men's and women's brains is NOT true?

Considering biological causes of gender differences more immutable than social ones is a mistake because

The gender gap in math performance varies within and across countries. The countries with the smallest difference between their male and female students are those with

Researchers have found that men who are active parents have lower levels of testosterone than men who do not participate in parenting. Which of the following claims does this support?

Identical twins become genetically different over time. How can this be explained?

Testosterone is often believed to be linked to sex differences. Which of the following statements about testosterone is NOT true?

What do we learn from comparing the degree of sexual dimorphism among humans to that of other species?

Men typically have stronger and denser bones than women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

What is sexual dimorphism?

Giving examples, describe three forms of biology-society interaction that challenge thinking about bodies in a gender binary way.

What is meant by the idea that many biological characteristics are mutable?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the relationship between hormones and gender?

Using an example of an observed sex difference, compare a naturalist and a culturalist explanation of the difference. What are the limitations of each perspective and what would be an alternative explanation?

The concept of "real gender differences" can be slippery. Explain why asking whether a difference observed between women and men is "real" is a misleading question and what better questions would look like. What would you argue is a better way to think about sex differences?

Ideas

Performance

Intersections

Inequality, Men and Masculinities

Inequality: Women and Femininities

Institutions

Change

Sexualities

Families

Work

Politics

Filters

Exam 3: Bodies

Which of the following is a culturalist explanation of gender differences?

On which of the following traits do men and women exhibit the strongest sexual dimorphism?

Not all men have the same degree of muscularity. Which of the following explanations best describes why this is the case?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between nature (human biology), nurture (socialization), and gender differences?

What are sex-influenced genes?

Suppose you analyze standardized test results for a country and discover almost identical distributions of physics scores for female and male students. Which of the following would NOT be an explanation?

Which of the following statements regarding men's and women's brains is NOT true?

Considering biological causes of gender differences more immutable than social ones is a mistake because

The gender gap in math performance varies within and across countries. The countries with the smallest difference between their male and female students are those with

Researchers have found that men who are active parents have lower levels of testosterone than men who do not participate in parenting. Which of the following claims does this support?

Identical twins become genetically different over time. How can this be explained?

Testosterone is often believed to be linked to sex differences. Which of the following statements about testosterone is NOT true?

What do we learn from comparing the degree of sexual dimorphism among humans to that of other species?

Men typically have stronger and denser bones than women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

What is sexual dimorphism?

Giving examples, describe three forms of biology-society interaction that challenge thinking about bodies in a gender binary way.

What is meant by the idea that many biological characteristics are mutable?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the relationship between hormones and gender?

Using an example of an observed sex difference, compare a naturalist and a culturalist explanation of the difference. What are the limitations of each perspective and what would be an alternative explanation?

The concept of "real gender differences" can be slippery. Explain why asking whether a difference observed between women and men is "real" is a misleading question and what better questions would look like. What would you argue is a better way to think about sex differences?

Ideas

Performance

Intersections

Inequality, Men and Masculinities

Inequality: Women and Femininities

Institutions

Change

Sexualities

Families

Work

Politics

Filters