Question 1

In general,between 1990 and 2010,the fuel efficiency of vehicles sold in the United States has

Accepted Answer

A) increased dramatically,nearly doubling in this 20-year period. 
B) increased by about 50%. 
C) showed only a slight increase. 
D) decreased by about 30% due to additional pollution control devices on exhaust systems. 
A) increased dramatically,nearly doubling in this 20-year period. 
B) increased by about 50%. 
C) showed only a slight increase. 
D) decreased by about 30% due to additional pollution control devices on exhaust systems.

Question 2

The most widespread negative health impact of air pollution is the

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of the cellular components of the immune system. 
B) loss of the ability to absorb vital nutrients by the digestive system. 
C) disruption of the signaling processes of the endocrine system. 
D) chronic stress that weakens many systems of the body. 
A) destruction of the cellular components of the immune system. 
B) loss of the ability to absorb vital nutrients by the digestive system. 
C) disruption of the signaling processes of the endocrine system. 
D) chronic stress that weakens many systems of the body.

Question 3

Which one of the following generally increases natural sources of the pollution of the air?

Accepted Answer

A) bright sunlight 
B) generation of hydroxyl radicals 
C) sea salt aerosols entering the air over an ocean 
D) gases released by a volcanic eruption 
A) bright sunlight 
B) generation of hydroxyl radicals 
C) sea salt aerosols entering the air over an ocean 
D) gases released by a volcanic eruption

Question 4

One of the greatest success stories of the positive impact of chemistry research and environmental policies and regulations relates to

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen oxides and the control of acid precipitation. 
B) CFCs and the destruction of the ozone. 
C) the reduction of ozone pollution over major cities in North America. 
D) the use of fossil fuels and the reversal of global climate changes. 
A) nitrogen oxides and the control of acid precipitation. 
B) CFCs and the destruction of the ozone. 
C) the reduction of ozone pollution over major cities in North America. 
D) the use of fossil fuels and the reversal of global climate changes.

Question 5

Which of the following components of the atmosphere are most helpful in the cleansing of the air?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl radicals 
B) ozone 
C) radon 
D) sulfur dioxide 
A) hydroxyl radicals 
B) ozone 
C) radon 
D) sulfur dioxide

Question 6

Which of the following illustrates an anthropogenic form of pollution?

Accepted Answer

A) a large plume of ash from an erupting volcano 
B) large clouds of smoke from a forest fire caused by lightning 
C) sulfur dioxide released from a coal burning power plant 
D) sea salt aerosols in the air above an ocean 
A) a large plume of ash from an erupting volcano 
B) large clouds of smoke from a forest fire caused by lightning 
C) sulfur dioxide released from a coal burning power plant 
D) sea salt aerosols in the air above an ocean

Question 7

The 1970 Clean Air Act and subsequent environmental regulations have resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) reductions in lead by about 89%. 
B) reductions in carbon monoxide by about 10%. 
C) surprising increases in sulfur dioxide levels by about 5%. 
D) surprising increases in radon levels by about 20%. 
A) reductions in lead by about 89%. 
B) reductions in carbon monoxide by about 10%. 
C) surprising increases in sulfur dioxide levels by about 5%. 
D) surprising increases in radon levels by about 20%.

Question 8

Building on scientific research and careful measurements,the 1987 Montreal Protocol represented

Accepted Answer

A) global stewardship to limit the destruction of the ozone. 
B) agreements to maintain sustainable levels of agricultural productivity. 
C) sound science to better understand the impact of acid precipitation. 
D) stewardship by the Canadian government to limit the production of greenhouse gases. 
A) global stewardship to limit the destruction of the ozone. 
B) agreements to maintain sustainable levels of agricultural productivity. 
C) sound science to better understand the impact of acid precipitation. 
D) stewardship by the Canadian government to limit the production of greenhouse gases.

Question 9

In central Iowa,which one of the following would yield the highest UV exposure on a sunny day,with a sky clear of all clouds and apparent pollution? Thirty minutes of direct exposure to the sun

Accepted Answer

A) at 1:00 PM on June 30. 
B) at 3:00 PM on September 30. 
C) at 9:00 AM on December 1. 
D) at 2:00 PM on March 30. 
A) at 1:00 PM on June 30. 
B) at 3:00 PM on September 30. 
C) at 9:00 AM on December 1. 
D) at 2:00 PM on March 30.

Question 10

According to the Clean Air Act and its amendments,very unsafe levels of air pollution will

Accepted Answer

A) include high levels of lead. 
B) exceed ambient standards for human and environmental health. 
C) contain excessive ozone. 
D) include primary and secondary pollutants. 
A) include high levels of lead. 
B) exceed ambient standards for human and environmental health. 
C) contain excessive ozone. 
D) include primary and secondary pollutants.

Question 11

-The deterioration of this stone sculpture reflects the damaging effects of

Accepted Answer

A) ultraviolet light. 
B) carbon monoxide. 
C) acid precipitation. 
D) volatile organic compounds. 
A) ultraviolet light. 
B) carbon monoxide. 
C) acid precipitation. 
D) volatile organic compounds.

Question 12

Most of the increase in fuel efficiency of hybrid vehicles comes from

Accepted Answer

A) charging electric batteries when decelerating,idling or coasting. 
B) charging electric batteries when cruising down the highway. 
C) enclosing most of the wheels and other aerodynamic designs. 
D) the use of smaller engines that produce less power and slower acceleration. 
A) charging electric batteries when decelerating,idling or coasting. 
B) charging electric batteries when cruising down the highway. 
C) enclosing most of the wheels and other aerodynamic designs. 
D) the use of smaller engines that produce less power and slower acceleration.

Question 13

The abundant formation of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A) removes many common pollutants from the stratosphere. 
B) removes many common pollutants from the troposphere. 
C) promotes the formation of ozone that protects against damaging ultraviolet light. 
D) promotes the formation of nitrous oxides that in turn lower levels of carbon dioxide. 
A) removes many common pollutants from the stratosphere. 
B) removes many common pollutants from the troposphere. 
C) promotes the formation of ozone that protects against damaging ultraviolet light. 
D) promotes the formation of nitrous oxides that in turn lower levels of carbon dioxide.

Question 14

The formation of sea salt aerosols help to clean the air by promoting the formation of

Accepted Answer

A) rain. 
B) nitrogen oxides. 
C) temperature inversions. 
D) many types of sulfur compounds. 
A) rain. 
B) nitrogen oxides. 
C) temperature inversions. 
D) many types of sulfur compounds.

Question 15

-This figure indicates that most airline travel occurs at

Accepted Answer

A) the lowest atmospheric temperatures. 
B) the highest atmospheric pressure. 
C) altitudes above 300 miles. 
D) atmospheric levels with the lowest pollution. 
A) the lowest atmospheric temperatures. 
B) the highest atmospheric pressure. 
C) altitudes above 300 miles. 
D) atmospheric levels with the lowest pollution.

Question 16

Forests that experience high levels of acid precipitation expose trees to soil that has

Accepted Answer

A) less dissolved calcium and aluminum. 
B) more dissolved calcium and aluminum. 
C) more dissolved calcium but less dissolved aluminum. 
D) less dissolved calcium and more dissolved aluminum. 
A) less dissolved calcium and aluminum. 
B) more dissolved calcium and aluminum. 
C) more dissolved calcium but less dissolved aluminum. 
D) less dissolved calcium and more dissolved aluminum.

Question 17

Unlike industrial smog,photochemical smog occurs in regions that

Accepted Answer

A) experience frequent fog. 
B) generate electricity by burning coal. 
C) are far away from large bodies of water. 
D) have high levels of sunshine. 
A) experience frequent fog. 
B) generate electricity by burning coal. 
C) are far away from large bodies of water. 
D) have high levels of sunshine.

Question 18

Air pollutants most often lead to human health problems of the

Accepted Answer

A) circulatory and respiratory systems. 
B) circulatory and digestive systems. 
C) integumentary and muscular systems. 
D) eyes and nasal passages. 
A) circulatory and respiratory systems. 
B) circulatory and digestive systems. 
C) integumentary and muscular systems. 
D) eyes and nasal passages.

Question 19

The atmospheric brown cloud over much of China may be reduced by

Accepted Answer

A) switching from biomass to coal as sources of energy. 
B) switching from natural gas to the use of biomass fuels. 
C) climate change that promotes temperature inversions. 
D) reducing the reliance on biomass and fossil fuels for energy. 
A) switching from biomass to coal as sources of energy. 
B) switching from natural gas to the use of biomass fuels. 
C) climate change that promotes temperature inversions. 
D) reducing the reliance on biomass and fossil fuels for energy.

Question 20

Over the past 40 years in the United States,the number of vehicles on the road has

Accepted Answer

A) increased,the number of vehicle miles has increased,and the pollution per car has increased. 
B) increased,the number of vehicle miles has increased,but the pollution per car has decreased. 
C) decreased but the number of vehicle miles has increased,and the pollution per car has increased. 
D) decreased,the number of vehicle miles has decreased,and the pollution per car has decreased. 
A) increased,the number of vehicle miles has increased,and the pollution per car has increased. 
B) increased,the number of vehicle miles has increased,but the pollution per car has decreased. 
C) decreased but the number of vehicle miles has increased,and the pollution per car has increased. 
D) decreased,the number of vehicle miles has decreased,and the pollution per car has decreased.

Exam 19: Atmospheric Pollution

In general,between 1990 and 2010,the fuel efficiency of vehicles sold in the United States has

The most widespread negative health impact of air pollution is the

Which one of the following generally increases natural sources of the pollution of the air?

One of the greatest success stories of the positive impact of chemistry research and environmental policies and regulations relates to

Which of the following components of the atmosphere are most helpful in the cleansing of the air?

Which of the following illustrates an anthropogenic form of pollution?

The 1970 Clean Air Act and subsequent environmental regulations have resulted in

Building on scientific research and careful measurements,the 1987 Montreal Protocol represented

In central Iowa,which one of the following would yield the highest UV exposure on a sunny day,with a sky clear of all clouds and apparent pollution? Thirty minutes of direct exposure to the sun

According to the Clean Air Act and its amendments,very unsafe levels of air pollution will

-The deterioration of this stone sculpture reflects the damaging effects of

Most of the increase in fuel efficiency of hybrid vehicles comes from

The abundant formation of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere

The formation of sea salt aerosols help to clean the air by promoting the formation of

-This figure indicates that most airline travel occurs at

Forests that experience high levels of acid precipitation expose trees to soil that has

Unlike industrial smog,photochemical smog occurs in regions that

Air pollutants most often lead to human health problems of the

The atmospheric brown cloud over much of China may be reduced by

Over the past 40 years in the United States,the number of vehicles on the road has

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