Question 1

From 2001 to 2009,the Bush administration

Accepted Answer

A) developed an energy policy that favored heavy exploitation of fossil fuels. 
B) strengthened the United States support of the Kyoto Protocol. 
C) strengthened air and water quality standards. 
D) supported carbon emission reduction and renewable energy development. 
A) developed an energy policy that favored heavy exploitation of fossil fuels. 
B) strengthened the United States support of the Kyoto Protocol. 
C) strengthened air and water quality standards. 
D) supported carbon emission reduction and renewable energy development. A

Question 2

The GDP and the GPI both include calculations of the

Accepted Answer

A) labor that goes into housework,parenting,and volunteer work. 
B) cost of pollution. 
C) cost of crime. 
D) income from the sale of natural products. 
A) labor that goes into housework,parenting,and volunteer work. 
B) cost of pollution. 
C) cost of crime. 
D) income from the sale of natural products. D

Question 3

-Examine the trends in the GDP and GPI.The GPI has remained fairly level because of

Accepted Answer

A) the failure to include the depreciation of natural capital and ecosystem services. 
B) the decreasing environmental and social costs of economic activity. 
C) the rising environmental and social costs of economic activity. 
D) increasing education,better social programs,and overall reductions in crime. 
A) the failure to include the depreciation of natural capital and ecosystem services. 
B) the decreasing environmental and social costs of economic activity. 
C) the rising environmental and social costs of economic activity. 
D) increasing education,better social programs,and overall reductions in crime. C

Question 4

The best hope for the future global economy and environmental policy depends upon

Accepted Answer

A) sustainability. 
B) economic growth. 
C) consumption. 
D) productivity. 
A) sustainability. 
B) economic growth. 
C) consumption. 
D) productivity.

Question 5

Environmental policies

Accepted Answer

A) may be cost-neutral or may come at a monetary cost. 
B) are always expensive,costing consumers and industry more money. 
C) rarely have a monetary cost associated with them. 
D) are paid for by tax dollars,only indirectly costing citizens for their implementation. 
A) may be cost-neutral or may come at a monetary cost. 
B) are always expensive,costing consumers and industry more money. 
C) rarely have a monetary cost associated with them. 
D) are paid for by tax dollars,only indirectly costing citizens for their implementation.

Question 6

Discount rates calculate the

Accepted Answer

A) future value of an asset. 
B) aesthetic value of natural assets. 
C) current value of a future benefit or cost. 
D) intrinsic value of renewable resources. 
A) future value of an asset. 
B) aesthetic value of natural assets. 
C) current value of a future benefit or cost. 
D) intrinsic value of renewable resources.

Question 7

Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus

Accepted Answer

A) natural forms of energy,such as solar,wind,and flowing water. 
B) nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels. 
C) money available to invest in growing industry. 
D) all of the products of photosynthesis in the biosphere. 
A) natural forms of energy,such as solar,wind,and flowing water. 
B) nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels. 
C) money available to invest in growing industry. 
D) all of the products of photosynthesis in the biosphere.

Question 8

-In this figure,what level of pollution reduction comes at the highest cost?

Accepted Answer

A) the first 20% of pollution reduction 
B) from 20-40% pollution reduction 
C) from 60-80% pollution reduction 
D) from 80-100% pollution reduction 
A) the first 20% of pollution reduction 
B) from 20-40% pollution reduction 
C) from 60-80% pollution reduction 
D) from 80-100% pollution reduction

Question 9

Costs of pollution control tend to

Accepted Answer

A) decrease over time because of initial investments in reductions and new technologies. 
B) decrease over time because regulations generally become less restrictive. 
C) increase over time as levels of acceptable pollution become increasingly restrictive. 
D) increase over time as new technologies require renewed investments. 
A) decrease over time because of initial investments in reductions and new technologies. 
B) decrease over time because regulations generally become less restrictive. 
C) increase over time as levels of acceptable pollution become increasingly restrictive. 
D) increase over time as new technologies require renewed investments.

Question 10

Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?

Accepted Answer

A) solar energy used to drive photosynthesis throughout the biosphere 
B) coal and oil reserves 
C) the production of electrical energy from wind turbines and dams 
D) the genetic diversity of all plants and animals used in modern agriculture 
A) solar energy used to drive photosynthesis throughout the biosphere 
B) coal and oil reserves 
C) the production of electrical energy from wind turbines and dams 
D) the genetic diversity of all plants and animals used in modern agriculture

Question 11

A company near a large city is required to keep its smokestack pollution to new lower levels,costing the company $2 million in additional equipment (which will last at least 10 years)and $100,000 a year in additional labor.Lowering the air pollutants in the region is expected to save $4 million in medical expenses in the affected region over the next 10 years.
-Over this 10-year period,the benefit to cost ratio is

Accepted Answer

A) 4 to 3. 
B) 3 to 4. 
C) 4 to 2. 
D) 2 to 4. 
A) 4 to 3. 
B) 3 to 4. 
C) 4 to 2. 
D) 2 to 4.

Question 12

Which of the following is least associated with economics?

Accepted Answer

A) A miner pans for gold in the mountains of California. 
B) An artist sells her paintings in an art gallery. 
C) Studying the sky,a child looks for faces in the clouds. 
D) A waitress carefully wipes down tables before heading home from a long day. 
A) A miner pans for gold in the mountains of California. 
B) An artist sells her paintings in an art gallery. 
C) Studying the sky,a child looks for faces in the clouds. 
D) A waitress carefully wipes down tables before heading home from a long day.

Question 13

Millions of human lives could be saved if we developed environmental policies that

Accepted Answer

A) control outbreaks of autoimmune diseases. 
B) prevent the degradation of the environment and encouraged sustainable use. 
C) provide food and shelter for the developing nations of the world. 
D) promote the construction of dams and power plants in the least developed parts of the world. 
A) control outbreaks of autoimmune diseases. 
B) prevent the degradation of the environment and encouraged sustainable use. 
C) provide food and shelter for the developing nations of the world. 
D) promote the construction of dams and power plants in the least developed parts of the world.

Question 14

How does the EPA affect environmental policy?

Accepted Answer

A) The EPA passes laws that control environmental regulations. 
B) The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress. 
C) The EPA determines which laws passed by the Judicial Branch apply to environmental policy. 
D) The EPA funds ecological studies that inform the executive branch about what environmental laws are needed. 
A) The EPA passes laws that control environmental regulations. 
B) The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress. 
C) The EPA determines which laws passed by the Judicial Branch apply to environmental policy. 
D) The EPA funds ecological studies that inform the executive branch about what environmental laws are needed.

Question 15

Without the additional equipment and labor,the unregulated pollution is expected to cause about $4 million in health care costs.This pollution from the smokestacks is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an internal bad cost. 
B) an internal good cost. 
C) an external bad cost. 
D) an external good cost. 
A) an internal bad cost. 
B) an internal good cost. 
C) an external bad cost. 
D) an external good cost.

Question 16

In general,centrally planned economies are run to promote the

Accepted Answer

A) interests of society,while free-market economies depend on the self-interests of individuals. 
B) prosperity of all countries,while free-market economies promote the particular interests of a society. 
C) self-interests of individuals,while free-market economies promote the interests of governments. 
D) health of the environment,while free-market economies sacrifice sustainability. 
A) interests of society,while free-market economies depend on the self-interests of individuals. 
B) prosperity of all countries,while free-market economies promote the particular interests of a society. 
C) self-interests of individuals,while free-market economies promote the interests of governments. 
D) health of the environment,while free-market economies sacrifice sustainability.

Question 17

Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the GNP of a coal mine?

Accepted Answer

A) the cost of fuel to run the mining equipment 
B) the cost of health benefits for the workers 
C) the gradual breakdown and need for replacement of the equipment 
D) the depletion of coal from the mine 
A) the cost of fuel to run the mining equipment 
B) the cost of health benefits for the workers 
C) the gradual breakdown and need for replacement of the equipment 
D) the depletion of coal from the mine

Question 18

The elimination of leaded gasoline resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) a doubling of gas mileage in cars. 
B) a 40% increase in the sale of diesel-powered vehicles. 
C) a benefit to cost ratio of at least 10 to 1. 
D) the renewal of the ozone layer. 
A) a doubling of gas mileage in cars. 
B) a 40% increase in the sale of diesel-powered vehicles. 
C) a benefit to cost ratio of at least 10 to 1. 
D) the renewal of the ozone layer.

Question 19

The "rule of law index" is a measure of

Accepted Answer

A) the capacity of the prisons and jails in a country. 
B) the penalties imposed for the violation of certain standard laws. 
C) justice and the structure of social systems in a society. 
D) the number of financial institutions and industries,which experience crime. 
A) the capacity of the prisons and jails in a country. 
B) the penalties imposed for the violation of certain standard laws. 
C) justice and the structure of social systems in a society. 
D) the number of financial institutions and industries,which experience crime.

Question 20

The concept of sustainability requires that

Accepted Answer

A) economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital. 
B) all sources of energy used in an economy must come from the sun. 
C) global economic systems are based on the harvesting of natural products. 
D) economies use equal portions of land,labor,and capital. 
A) economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital. 
B) all sources of energy used in an economy must come from the sun. 
C) global economic systems are based on the harvesting of natural products. 
D) economies use equal portions of land,labor,and capital.

Exam 2: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

From 2001 to 2009,the Bush administration

The GDP and the GPI both include calculations of the

-Examine the trends in the GDP and GPI.The GPI has remained fairly level because of

The best hope for the future global economy and environmental policy depends upon

Environmental policies

Discount rates calculate the

Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus

-In this figure,what level of pollution reduction comes at the highest cost?

Costs of pollution control tend to

Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?

Which of the following is least associated with economics?

Millions of human lives could be saved if we developed environmental policies that

How does the EPA affect environmental policy?

Without the additional equipment and labor,the unregulated pollution is expected to cause about $4 million in health care costs.This pollution from the smokestacks is an example of

In general,centrally planned economies are run to promote the

Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the GNP of a coal mine?

The elimination of leaded gasoline resulted in

The "rule of law index" is a measure of

The concept of sustainability requires that

Science and the Environment

Basic Needs of Living Things

Populations and Communities

Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbance

Wild Species and Biodiversity

The Use and Restoration of Ecosystems

The Human Population

Population and Development

Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

The Production and Distribution of Food

Pests and Pest Control

Energy From Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Global Climate Change

Atmospheric Pollution

Water Pollution and Its Prevention

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution and Prevention

Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles

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