Question 1

In comparing green to brown economies,

Accepted Answer

A) green economies will embrace technologies that reduce pollutants and increase efficiency. 
B) brown economies will favor sustainable systems and reverse damage to ecosystem services. 
C) both will continue with the race to develop more and more fossil fuel resources. 
D) green economies will stress rapid growth,while brown economies will stress human well-being. 
A) green economies will embrace technologies that reduce pollutants and increase efficiency. 
B) brown economies will favor sustainable systems and reverse damage to ecosystem services. 
C) both will continue with the race to develop more and more fossil fuel resources. 
D) green economies will stress rapid growth,while brown economies will stress human well-being.

Question 2

People who are well aware of the damaging effects of mercury might insist that all fish that they eat is free from mercury.They may be alarmed,for instance,if mercury levels remain at very low levels,far below that known to cause harm.Insisting that mercury be completely eliminated from fish

Accepted Answer

A) will likely require little additional cost with potentially great benefits. 
B) will likely reduce the cost of fish and improve the health of consumers. 
C) is not cost effective for the health benefits of complete elimination. 
D) is a necessary but very expensive part of additional environmental controls. 
A) will likely require little additional cost with potentially great benefits. 
B) will likely reduce the cost of fish and improve the health of consumers. 
C) is not cost effective for the health benefits of complete elimination. 
D) is a necessary but very expensive part of additional environmental controls.

Question 3

Which one of the following reduces net GDP?

Accepted Answer

A) a coal-fired power plant that pollutes the air 
B) manufacture of products to clean polluted water 
C) clear-cutting logging of 1000 acres of pine trees 
D) degradation of farm equipment 
A) a coal-fired power plant that pollutes the air 
B) manufacture of products to clean polluted water 
C) clear-cutting logging of 1000 acres of pine trees 
D) degradation of farm equipment

Question 4

In general,problems caused by economic activities are

Accepted Answer

A) characteristic of small populations. 
B) usually temporary. 
C) addressed by laws and public policies. 
D) not environmental problems. 
A) characteristic of small populations. 
B) usually temporary. 
C) addressed by laws and public policies. 
D) not environmental problems.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about U.S.pollution levels?

Accepted Answer

A) the release of toxic chemicals has increased by 19%. 
B) the average levels of lead in the blood of children have declined by 80%. 
C) acid deposition has increased by 27%. 
D) total emissions of five principal air pollutants have increased by 14%. 
A) the release of toxic chemicals has increased by 19%. 
B) the average levels of lead in the blood of children have declined by 80%. 
C) acid deposition has increased by 27%. 
D) total emissions of five principal air pollutants have increased by 14%.

Question 6

Unlike high-income countries,low-income countries rely most on their

Accepted Answer

A) human resources. 
B) produced capital. 
C) natural capital. 
D) intangible capital. 
A) human resources. 
B) produced capital. 
C) natural capital. 
D) intangible capital.

Question 7

The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way that

Accepted Answer

A) each views the land,either as a resource within the human economy (classical)or as something that encompasses the economy (ecological). 
B) the value of capital is assessed,either in dollars (classical)or as resources that can be mined from the Earth (ecological). 
C) labor is determined,either as the number of people who are unemployed not counting farmers (classical)or the number of people who are unemployed counting farmers (ecological). 
D) labor and capital are assessed,either counting the total labor and capital resources available (classical)or that which is in use in operations (ecological). 
A) each views the land,either as a resource within the human economy (classical)or as something that encompasses the economy (ecological). 
B) the value of capital is assessed,either in dollars (classical)or as resources that can be mined from the Earth (ecological). 
C) labor is determined,either as the number of people who are unemployed not counting farmers (classical)or the number of people who are unemployed counting farmers (ecological). 
D) labor and capital are assessed,either counting the total labor and capital resources available (classical)or that which is in use in operations (ecological).

Question 8

In the classical view of economic activity,households

Accepted Answer

A) are paid for goods and services. 
B) pay for most of the labor. 
C) consume goods and services. 
D) provide most of the products. 
A) are paid for goods and services. 
B) pay for most of the labor. 
C) consume goods and services. 
D) provide most of the products.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates an intergenerational consideration?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing health-care insurance for every citizen in a country 
B) rationing gasoline in a time of short supply 
C) reducing the harvest of blue fin tuna to sustainable levels 
D) depleting a forest to produce firewood for use in heating and cooking 
A) increasing health-care insurance for every citizen in a country 
B) rationing gasoline in a time of short supply 
C) reducing the harvest of blue fin tuna to sustainable levels 
D) depleting a forest to produce firewood for use in heating and cooking

Question 10

Equity in the distribution of resources is promoted by growth in

Accepted Answer

A) sustainable harvesting of renewable natural resources. 
B) human resources and produced capital. 
C) the harvesting of non-renewable and non-renewable natural capital. 
D) transportation and navigation systems to move produced capital. 
A) sustainable harvesting of renewable natural resources. 
B) human resources and produced capital. 
C) the harvesting of non-renewable and non-renewable natural capital. 
D) transportation and navigation systems to move produced capital.

Question 11

In general,careful and detailed economic studies indicate that environmental protection helps the environment

Accepted Answer

A) but hurts the economy and is bad for jobs. 
B) and produces more jobs but hurts the economy. 
C) and helps the economy but costs the loss of jobs. 
D) and does not hurt the economy or cost a net loss of jobs. 
A) but hurts the economy and is bad for jobs. 
B) and produces more jobs but hurts the economy. 
C) and helps the economy but costs the loss of jobs. 
D) and does not hurt the economy or cost a net loss of jobs.

Question 12

The World Bank (initially)and measures of GDP did not include the economic value of

Accepted Answer

A) ecosystem services such as the breakdown of wastes,climate regulation,and oxygen production. 
B) the regeneration of many natural resources by sustainable processes in which natural resources are renewed. 
C) the migration of many animal species from one region to another,replenishing the harvest of these natural resources. 
D) increases in the prices paid for natural products such as fish,wood,and fossil fuels. 
A) ecosystem services such as the breakdown of wastes,climate regulation,and oxygen production. 
B) the regeneration of many natural resources by sustainable processes in which natural resources are renewed. 
C) the migration of many animal species from one region to another,replenishing the harvest of these natural resources. 
D) increases in the prices paid for natural products such as fish,wood,and fossil fuels.

Question 13

In 1962,Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring,documenting the devastating effects of pesticides,including DDT,on birds and other organisms in our natural environments.In the years that followed,new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States.
-Today,DDT is no longer used in the United States because it is banned by law.At this point,the issue has reached the

Accepted Answer

A) control stage because of a command and control strategy. 
B) control stage because of a market based strategy. 
C) implementation stage because of a command and control strategy. 
D) implementation stage because of a market based strategy. 
A) control stage because of a command and control strategy. 
B) control stage because of a market based strategy. 
C) implementation stage because of a command and control strategy. 
D) implementation stage because of a market based strategy.

Question 14

Which is an example of produced capital?

Accepted Answer

A) stocks and bonds 
B) laws and policies 
C) organically grown mangoes 
D) fisheries 
A) stocks and bonds 
B) laws and policies 
C) organically grown mangoes 
D) fisheries

Question 15

-In the years 2001-2010,the benefit to cost ratio

Accepted Answer

A) always had more benefits than costs. 
B) always had more cost than benefits. 
C) usually had more costs than benefits. 
D) usually had more benefits than costs. 
A) always had more benefits than costs. 
B) always had more cost than benefits. 
C) usually had more costs than benefits. 
D) usually had more benefits than costs.

Question 16

Economic growth in China has led to extensive air and water pollution because of

Accepted Answer

A) the lack of government regulations addressing pollution. 
B) inadequately enforced environmental protection policies. 
C) the lack of concern from the general public. 
D) difficulties connecting environmental pollution to disease. 
A) the lack of government regulations addressing pollution. 
B) inadequately enforced environmental protection policies. 
C) the lack of concern from the general public. 
D) difficulties connecting environmental pollution to disease.

Question 17

In response to environmental problems,the Chinese government has

Accepted Answer

A) increasingly relied upon local,non-governmental groups to monitor and respond. 
B) simply agreed that these are the costs associated with economic prosperity. 
C) insisted on centralized government control and removed power from local governments. 
D) refused to recognize any long-term problems associated with air and water pollution. 
A) increasingly relied upon local,non-governmental groups to monitor and respond. 
B) simply agreed that these are the costs associated with economic prosperity. 
C) insisted on centralized government control and removed power from local governments. 
D) refused to recognize any long-term problems associated with air and water pollution.

Question 18

Centrally planned and free-market economies both

Accepted Answer

A) function best without government regulations. 
B) rely upon the self-interests of individuals. 
C) represent ideals not found in pure form in any country. 
D) depend upon free access to the market. 
A) function best without government regulations. 
B) rely upon the self-interests of individuals. 
C) represent ideals not found in pure form in any country. 
D) depend upon free access to the market.

Question 19

-In this figure,which of the following represents a potentially sustainable process?

Accepted Answer

A) the transformation of oil into heat energy in a power plant 
B) the generation of wastes as a byproduct of human consumption 
C) the release of heat into the atmosphere 
D) the recycling of materials generated by human consumption 
A) the transformation of oil into heat energy in a power plant 
B) the generation of wastes as a byproduct of human consumption 
C) the release of heat into the atmosphere 
D) the recycling of materials generated by human consumption

Question 20

What do the GDP and the World Bank both fail to include in their measures of wealth?

Accepted Answer

A) the importance of law and order in a society 
B) the gradual deterioration of machinery used in industrial manufacturing 
C) the income from the sales of goods abroad 
D) natural services provided by ecosystems 
A) the importance of law and order in a society 
B) the gradual deterioration of machinery used in industrial manufacturing 
C) the income from the sales of goods abroad 
D) natural services provided by ecosystems

Exam 2: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

In comparing green to brown economies,

People who are well aware of the damaging effects of mercury might insist that all fish that they eat is free from mercury.They may be alarmed,for instance,if mercury levels remain at very low levels,far below that known to cause harm.Insisting that mercury be completely eliminated from fish

Which one of the following reduces net GDP?

In general,problems caused by economic activities are

Which of the following is true about U.S.pollution levels?

Unlike high-income countries,low-income countries rely most on their

The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way that

In the classical view of economic activity,households

Which of the following best illustrates an intergenerational consideration?

Equity in the distribution of resources is promoted by growth in

In general,careful and detailed economic studies indicate that environmental protection helps the environment

The World Bank (initially)and measures of GDP did not include the economic value of

Which is an example of produced capital?

-In the years 2001-2010,the benefit to cost ratio

Economic growth in China has led to extensive air and water pollution because of

In response to environmental problems,the Chinese government has

Centrally planned and free-market economies both

-In this figure,which of the following represents a potentially sustainable process?

What do the GDP and the World Bank both fail to include in their measures of wealth?

Science and the Environment

Basic Needs of Living Things

Populations and Communities

Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbance

Wild Species and Biodiversity

The Use and Restoration of Ecosystems

The Human Population

Population and Development

Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

The Production and Distribution of Food

Pests and Pest Control

Energy From Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Global Climate Change

Atmospheric Pollution

Water Pollution and Its Prevention

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution and Prevention

Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles

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