Question 1

The greatest progress in reducing atmospheric levels of lead pollution resulted from

Accepted Answer

A) the elimination of leaded gas. 
B) the switch from lead to graphite in pencils. 
C) the development of new types of batteries that use lithium instead of lead. 
D) new types of lead scrubbers on smokestacks that removed lead from the air. 
A) the elimination of leaded gas. 
B) the switch from lead to graphite in pencils. 
C) the development of new types of batteries that use lithium instead of lead. 
D) new types of lead scrubbers on smokestacks that removed lead from the air.

Question 2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.This disease primarily affects

Accepted Answer

A) the respiratory passageways and alveoli of the lungs. 
B) the esophagus,stomach,and other portions of the digestive tract. 
C) the mouth,nose,and pharynx in the upper respiratory tract. 
D) the heart,blood,and blood vessels throughout the body. 
A) the respiratory passageways and alveoli of the lungs. 
B) the esophagus,stomach,and other portions of the digestive tract. 
C) the mouth,nose,and pharynx in the upper respiratory tract. 
D) the heart,blood,and blood vessels throughout the body.

Question 3

The 1970 Clean Air Act policy of command and control regulations of air pollution attempted to limit

Accepted Answer

A) all of the primary pollutants but not the secondary air pollutants. 
B) the ambient level of air pollutants below the primary standard levels. 
C) levels of air pollutants to 150% of the primary standard levels. 
D) air pollution at the level of the consumer by adding a pollution tax. 
A) all of the primary pollutants but not the secondary air pollutants. 
B) the ambient level of air pollutants below the primary standard levels. 
C) levels of air pollutants to 150% of the primary standard levels. 
D) air pollution at the level of the consumer by adding a pollution tax.

Question 4

When you exhale,the major components of your breath include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) hydrogen. 
A) carbon dioxide. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) hydrogen.

Question 5

The recovery of acidic lakes in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada is largely the result of

Accepted Answer

A) the buffering effects of the granite rock in these regions. 
B) the widespread addition of limestone to the lakes in these regions. 
C) the elimination of lead from gasoline sold in North America. 
D) reductions in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution. 
A) the buffering effects of the granite rock in these regions. 
B) the widespread addition of limestone to the lakes in these regions. 
C) the elimination of lead from gasoline sold in North America. 
D) reductions in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution.

Question 6

Inhaling fine particulates from smoking or from industrial sources is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A) cause nasal irritation and sneezing. 
B) result in their being trapped in and damaging lung alveoli. 
C) result in their passing into the blood stream and damaging the heart and brain. 
D) cause an increase in blood levels of carbon dioxide. 
A) cause nasal irritation and sneezing. 
B) result in their being trapped in and damaging lung alveoli. 
C) result in their passing into the blood stream and damaging the heart and brain. 
D) cause an increase in blood levels of carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Premature aging of the skin and cataracts are on the increase due to increased

Accepted Answer

A) levels of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. 
B) levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. 
C) exposure to ultraviolet light. 
D) exposure to infrared radiation from the sun. 
A) levels of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. 
B) levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. 
C) exposure to ultraviolet light. 
D) exposure to infrared radiation from the sun.

Question 8

Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides

Accepted Answer

A) when fuels are burned at high combustion temperatures. 
B) if the sun is shining brightly and there is a temperature inversion. 
C) on cloudy days when carbon and soot levels are unusually high. 
D) if radon gas is present when gasoline is burned in automobiles. 
A) when fuels are burned at high combustion temperatures. 
B) if the sun is shining brightly and there is a temperature inversion. 
C) on cloudy days when carbon and soot levels are unusually high. 
D) if radon gas is present when gasoline is burned in automobiles.

Question 9

Burning fossil fuels in a low oxygen environment will most likely produce

Accepted Answer

A) carbon monoxide. 
B) hydrogen peroxide. 
C) sulfuric acid. 
D) methane. 
A) carbon monoxide. 
B) hydrogen peroxide. 
C) sulfuric acid. 
D) methane.

Question 10

Lakes severely impacted by acidification will most likely

Accepted Answer

A) be clear and blue,but with few fish or other animals. 
B) be dark,muddy,and full of crustaceans and the larvae of insects. 
C) have abundant surface vegetation and many insects but few fish. 
D) be reddish in color due to the dissolved iron from nearby soils. 
A) be clear and blue,but with few fish or other animals. 
B) be dark,muddy,and full of crustaceans and the larvae of insects. 
C) have abundant surface vegetation and many insects but few fish. 
D) be reddish in color due to the dissolved iron from nearby soils.

Question 11

A cost-benefit analysis of the acid rain prevention programs shows that

Accepted Answer

A) there was no net economic benefit. 
B) there was a large benefit and savings compared to costs. 
C) there was a large loss because costs far outweighed benefits 
D) with vastly increased spending,the program could show a net benefit. 
A) there was no net economic benefit. 
B) there was a large benefit and savings compared to costs. 
C) there was a large loss because costs far outweighed benefits 
D) with vastly increased spending,the program could show a net benefit.

Question 12

As a result of measures to control acid-deposition in North America,over the last 20 years emissions of sulfur dioxide have been

Accepted Answer

A) steady,with little decrease in acid-deposition due to rising levels of nitrogen oxides. 
B) reduced by about 10%,at great cost to the power producing industry. 
C) reduced to target levels at about the projected cost of compliance. 
D) reduced beyond target levels and at 10% of the projected compliance costs. 
A) steady,with little decrease in acid-deposition due to rising levels of nitrogen oxides. 
B) reduced by about 10%,at great cost to the power producing industry. 
C) reduced to target levels at about the projected cost of compliance. 
D) reduced beyond target levels and at 10% of the projected compliance costs.

Question 13

Recently,the major causes of acid-generating emission has shifted from

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen oxides to sulfur oxides. 
B) nulfur oxides to nitrogen oxides and ammonia. 
C) carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. 
D) ozone and PANs to VOCs. 
A) nitrogen oxides to sulfur oxides. 
B) nulfur oxides to nitrogen oxides and ammonia. 
C) carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. 
D) ozone and PANs to VOCs.

Question 14

Our most recent understanding of the formation of tropospheric ozone requires the reduction of atmospheric levels of

Accepted Answer

A) volatile inorganic compounds. 
B) carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. 
C) nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. 
D) nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. 
A) volatile inorganic compounds. 
B) carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. 
C) nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. 
D) nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds.

Question 15

Although acid precipitation has been reduced over the past two decades,progress has been slowed by

Accepted Answer

A) U.S.Supreme Court rulings that are very favorable to the energy industry. 
B) the increased use of gasoline that contains high levels of sulfur dioxide. 
C) the continuing and increasing impact of nitrogen deposition. 
D) the increased reliance on high sulfur coal by the power industries. 
A) U.S.Supreme Court rulings that are very favorable to the energy industry. 
B) the increased use of gasoline that contains high levels of sulfur dioxide. 
C) the continuing and increasing impact of nitrogen deposition. 
D) the increased reliance on high sulfur coal by the power industries.

Question 16

In which of the following regions would we most expect to find industrial smog?

Accepted Answer

A) in southern Florida in high tourist regions along the beaches 
B) in a farming region that primarily produces either cotton,soybeans,or corn 
C) around an industrial town that burns coal to generate electricity and make steel 
D) around a city that primarily relies on nuclear energy and public transportation 
A) in southern Florida in high tourist regions along the beaches 
B) in a farming region that primarily produces either cotton,soybeans,or corn 
C) around an industrial town that burns coal to generate electricity and make steel 
D) around a city that primarily relies on nuclear energy and public transportation

Question 17

Further acidification of the environment could be prevented by policies that

Accepted Answer

A) required catalytic converters on all vehicles sold in the United States. 
B) switched 50% of U.S.vehicles to hybrid technologies. 
C) greatly reduced the acid-producing emissions of coal-burning power plants. 
D) greatly reduced the acid-producing emissions of nuclear power plants. 
A) required catalytic converters on all vehicles sold in the United States. 
B) switched 50% of U.S.vehicles to hybrid technologies. 
C) greatly reduced the acid-producing emissions of coal-burning power plants. 
D) greatly reduced the acid-producing emissions of nuclear power plants.

Question 18

Which one of the following would release the lowest levels of particulates?

Accepted Answer

A) a nuclear power plant 
B) a city bus running on diesel 
C) a wood burning stove 
D) a natural prairie wildfire 
A) a nuclear power plant 
B) a city bus running on diesel 
C) a wood burning stove 
D) a natural prairie wildfire

Question 19

Recent studies indicate that two of the most dangerous components of air pollution in and around major cities in the United States are

Accepted Answer

A) fine particles and sulfur pollution. 
B) carbon monoxide and ozone. 
C) lead and volatile organic compounds. 
D) radon and carbon monoxide. 
A) fine particles and sulfur pollution. 
B) carbon monoxide and ozone. 
C) lead and volatile organic compounds. 
D) radon and carbon monoxide.

Question 20

Which of the following is responsible for about half of all air pollution in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) coal-fired power plants 
B) railroad trains 
C) cars,trucks,and buses 
D) paper mills and steel mills 
A) coal-fired power plants 
B) railroad trains 
C) cars,trucks,and buses 
D) paper mills and steel mills

Exam 19: Atmospheric Pollution

The greatest progress in reducing atmospheric levels of lead pollution resulted from

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.This disease primarily affects

The 1970 Clean Air Act policy of command and control regulations of air pollution attempted to limit

When you exhale,the major components of your breath include all of the following except

The recovery of acidic lakes in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada is largely the result of

Inhaling fine particulates from smoking or from industrial sources is most likely to

Premature aging of the skin and cataracts are on the increase due to increased

Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides

Burning fossil fuels in a low oxygen environment will most likely produce

Lakes severely impacted by acidification will most likely

A cost-benefit analysis of the acid rain prevention programs shows that

As a result of measures to control acid-deposition in North America,over the last 20 years emissions of sulfur dioxide have been

Recently,the major causes of acid-generating emission has shifted from

Our most recent understanding of the formation of tropospheric ozone requires the reduction of atmospheric levels of

Although acid precipitation has been reduced over the past two decades,progress has been slowed by

In which of the following regions would we most expect to find industrial smog?

Further acidification of the environment could be prevented by policies that

Which one of the following would release the lowest levels of particulates?

Recent studies indicate that two of the most dangerous components of air pollution in and around major cities in the United States are

Which of the following is responsible for about half of all air pollution in the United States?

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