Question 1

The Pearson product-moment coefficient ranges from

Accepted Answer

A)  0 to 1. 
B)  -1 to 1. 
C)  0 to 100. 
D)  -100 to 100. 
A)  0 to 1. 
B)  -1 to 1. 
C)  0 to 100. 
D)  -100 to 100.

Question 2

Dr.Jennings has developed an intervention to help people stop smoking,and he wants to conduct a study to test it.In his design,he first collects baseline measurements of how much his study participants smoke at work,at home,and while socializing.Then,for one week he instructs participants to use the interventions he's developed only at work; during the next week he instructs participants to use these techniques at both work and home; and during the next he instructs participants to use these techniques at work,at home,and while socializing with friends.All along Dr.Jennings continues to track how much people have smoked in each situation.This study is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an ABAB design. 
B)  an epidemiological design. 
C)  a multiple baseline design. 
D)  a single-case design. 
A)  an ABAB design. 
B)  an epidemiological design. 
C)  a multiple baseline design. 
D)  a single-case design.

Question 3

The __________ research method involves the intensive study of a particular client or patient who is receiving treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  analytic 
B)  case study 
C)  unsystematic observation 
D)  controlled observation 
A)  analytic 
B)  case study 
C)  unsystematic observation 
D)  controlled observation

Question 4

Unsystematic observation

Accepted Answer

A)  has no value in the scientific process. 
B)  is synonymous with naturalistic observation. 
C)  is helpful in developing testable hypotheses. 
D)  is limited to areas of psychology other than clinical. 
A)  has no value in the scientific process. 
B)  is synonymous with naturalistic observation. 
C)  is helpful in developing testable hypotheses. 
D)  is limited to areas of psychology other than clinical.

Question 5

Ethical psychological researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  do not fabricate data. 
B)  obtain informed consent from participants. 
C)  use deception only when it is not possible to use alternative methods. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  do not fabricate data. 
B)  obtain informed consent from participants. 
C)  use deception only when it is not possible to use alternative methods. 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Which type of study methodology does NOT yield results that are internally valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  case study method 
B)  experimental method 
C)  single-case design 
D)  mixed design 
A)  case study method 
B)  experimental method 
C)  single-case design 
D)  mixed design

Question 7

Over the course of several weeks,a psychologist visits a 4ᵗʰ grade classroom at various points during each day to determine whether hyperactive behavior is more prevalent at particular times of day.This research method is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  unsystematic observation. 
C)  the ABAB procedure. 
D)  controlled observation. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  unsystematic observation. 
C)  the ABAB procedure. 
D)  controlled observation.

Question 8

Good experimental procedure in the above study (#29)would include

Accepted Answer

A)  providing the people on the waiting list with a self-help version of the same treatment received by the other group. 
B)  matching participants on initial severity of depressive symptoms. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  providing the people on the waiting list with a self-help version of the same treatment received by the other group. 
B)  matching participants on initial severity of depressive symptoms. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of single-case designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They allow the researcher to draw conclusions about cause and effect. 
B)  They do not require that a potentially helpful treatment be withheld from any study participant. 
C)  Ultimately, they require about as many participants as experimental studies comparing groups. 
D)  All of the above statements are false. 
A)  They allow the researcher to draw conclusions about cause and effect. 
B)  They do not require that a potentially helpful treatment be withheld from any study participant. 
C)  Ultimately, they require about as many participants as experimental studies comparing groups. 
D)  All of the above statements are false.

Question 10

__________ designs are those that evaluate or compare individuals at the same point in time,while __________ designs follow the same participants over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional; longitudinal 
B)  Longitudinal; cross-sectional 
C)  Quasi-experimental; experimental 
D)  Experimental; longitudinal 
A)  Cross-sectional; longitudinal 
B)  Longitudinal; cross-sectional 
C)  Quasi-experimental; experimental 
D)  Experimental; longitudinal

Question 11

Researchers conducting an epidemiological study are concerned about the influence of social desirability factors.In other words,the researchers are concerned that

Accepted Answer

A)  the editors of the journal where they hope to publish their results are biased toward "feel-good" articles. 
B)  they will be unable to communicate their hypotheses to participants. 
C)  participants will tend to withhold embarrassing information and report information that places them in a favorable light. 
D)  they will not be able to sample as many segments of society as they would like. 
A)  the editors of the journal where they hope to publish their results are biased toward "feel-good" articles. 
B)  they will be unable to communicate their hypotheses to participants. 
C)  participants will tend to withhold embarrassing information and report information that places them in a favorable light. 
D)  they will not be able to sample as many segments of society as they would like.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between theory and research in clinical psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory influences research methods. 
B)  Research outcome influences theory. 
C)  Theory and research each progress without influence from the other. 
D)  Theory and research influence each other. 
A)  Theory influences research methods. 
B)  Research outcome influences theory. 
C)  Theory and research each progress without influence from the other. 
D)  Theory and research influence each other.

Question 13

__________ refers to the rate of new cases of illness that develop within a given period of time,while __________ refers to the overall rate of cases (old or new)within a given period of time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Incidence; distribution 
B)  Incidence; prevalence 
C)  Prevalence; incidence 
D)  Distribution; incidence 
A)  Incidence; distribution 
B)  Incidence; prevalence 
C)  Prevalence; incidence 
D)  Distribution; incidence

Question 14

An r statistic of -.85 suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  as one variable goes up, the other variable goes up. 
B)  the two variables are unrelated to each other. 
C)  on average, the second variable is .85 less than the first variable. 
D)  as one variable goes up, the other variable goes down. 
A)  as one variable goes up, the other variable goes up. 
B)  the two variables are unrelated to each other. 
C)  on average, the second variable is .85 less than the first variable. 
D)  as one variable goes up, the other variable goes down.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the case study method?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is hard to detect or control all important variables acting in a given case. 
B)  Data or conclusions from an individual case may not apply to people in general. 
C)  Case studies do not allow us to draw conclusions about cause and effect. 
D)  Case studies are unethical because they involve the disclosure of confidential information. 
A)  It is hard to detect or control all important variables acting in a given case. 
B)  Data or conclusions from an individual case may not apply to people in general. 
C)  Case studies do not allow us to draw conclusions about cause and effect. 
D)  Case studies are unethical because they involve the disclosure of confidential information.

Question 16

Internal validity may be increased by

Accepted Answer

A)  matching participants on important characteristics. 
B)  randomly assigning participants to treatment groups. 
C)  employing double-blind procedures. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  matching participants on important characteristics. 
B)  randomly assigning participants to treatment groups. 
C)  employing double-blind procedures. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

The lifetime prevalence rate of schizophrenia is 1%,suggesting that

Accepted Answer

A)  a member of the general population has a 1 in 100 chance of developing this disorder in his/her lifetime. 
B)  a member of the general population has a 1 in 100 chance of developing this disorder in the next 12 months. 
C)  if a member of the population is diagnosed with schizophrenia, he/she has a 1 in 100 chance of retaining the diagnosis for the remainder of his/her lifetime. 
D)  currently, 1 of every 100 members of the general population has this disorder. 
A)  a member of the general population has a 1 in 100 chance of developing this disorder in his/her lifetime. 
B)  a member of the general population has a 1 in 100 chance of developing this disorder in the next 12 months. 
C)  if a member of the population is diagnosed with schizophrenia, he/she has a 1 in 100 chance of retaining the diagnosis for the remainder of his/her lifetime. 
D)  currently, 1 of every 100 members of the general population has this disorder.

Question 18

Briefly compare and contrast cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs

Question 19

In scientific terms,the best explanations for human behavior are those

Accepted Answer

A)  that offer a clear opportunity for disproof. 
B)  that are most complex. 
C)  that are based upon cross-sectional research. 
D)  that are based upon commonly held beliefs. 
A)  that offer a clear opportunity for disproof. 
B)  that are most complex. 
C)  that are based upon cross-sectional research. 
D)  that are based upon commonly held beliefs.

Question 20

Explain what is meant by both internal and external validity in the context of psychological research.

Accepted Answer

Internal validity in psychological resea

The Pearson product-moment coefficient ranges from

The __________ research method involves the intensive study of a particular client or patient who is receiving treatment.

Unsystematic observation

Ethical psychological researchers

Which type of study methodology does NOT yield results that are internally valid?

Over the course of several weeks,a psychologist visits a 4ᵗʰ grade classroom at various points during each day to determine whether hyperactive behavior is more prevalent at particular times of day.This research method is best described as

Good experimental procedure in the above study (#29)would include

Which of the following is NOT true of single-case designs?

designs are those that evaluate or compare individuals at the same point in time,while designs follow the same participants over time.

Researchers conducting an epidemiological study are concerned about the influence of social desirability factors.In other words,the researchers are concerned that

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between theory and research in clinical psychology?

refers to the rate of new cases of illness that develop within a given period of time,while refers to the overall rate of cases (old or new)within a given period of time.

An r statistic of -.85 suggests that

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the case study method?

Internal validity may be increased by

The lifetime prevalence rate of schizophrenia is 1%,suggesting that

Briefly compare and contrast cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

In scientific terms,the best explanations for human behavior are those

Explain what is meant by both internal and external validity in the context of psychological research.

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Clinical Judgment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters

Exam 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

The Pearson product-moment coefficient ranges from

The __________ research method involves the intensive study of a particular client or patient who is receiving treatment.

Unsystematic observation

Ethical psychological researchers

Which type of study methodology does NOT yield results that are internally valid?

Over the course of several weeks,a psychologist visits a 4ᵗʰ grade classroom at various points during each day to determine whether hyperactive behavior is more prevalent at particular times of day.This research method is best described as

Good experimental procedure in the above study (#29)would include

Which of the following is NOT true of single-case designs?

__________ designs are those that evaluate or compare individuals at the same point in time,while __________ designs follow the same participants over time.

Researchers conducting an epidemiological study are concerned about the influence of social desirability factors.In other words,the researchers are concerned that

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between theory and research in clinical psychology?

__________ refers to the rate of new cases of illness that develop within a given period of time,while __________ refers to the overall rate of cases (old or new)within a given period of time.

An r statistic of -.85 suggests that

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the case study method?

Internal validity may be increased by

The lifetime prevalence rate of schizophrenia is 1%,suggesting that

Briefly compare and contrast cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

In scientific terms,the best explanations for human behavior are those

Explain what is meant by both internal and external validity in the context of psychological research.

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Clinical Judgment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters

designs are those that evaluate or compare individuals at the same point in time,while designs follow the same participants over time.

refers to the rate of new cases of illness that develop within a given period of time,while refers to the overall rate of cases (old or new)within a given period of time.